- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... up the transition, indicating that neuronal activity can modulate the refinement process (Purves and Lichtman, 1980). In addition, focal blockade of synaptic transmission in a small region of an NMJ led to the weakening and subsequently withdrawal of the axons whose synaptic contacts were blocked (B ...
... up the transition, indicating that neuronal activity can modulate the refinement process (Purves and Lichtman, 1980). In addition, focal blockade of synaptic transmission in a small region of an NMJ led to the weakening and subsequently withdrawal of the axons whose synaptic contacts were blocked (B ...
The Anatomy of the Posterior Commissure
... longitudinal fascicle (ILF) and a parietooccipitotemporopontine fascicle. The anatomy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and its function are not totally understood. It connects the occipital lobe with the anterior temporal lobe and is reported to subserve the language semantics in parallel wit ...
... longitudinal fascicle (ILF) and a parietooccipitotemporopontine fascicle. The anatomy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and its function are not totally understood. It connects the occipital lobe with the anterior temporal lobe and is reported to subserve the language semantics in parallel wit ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... since its introduction: to extend the concept to a biologically compatible readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed syst ...
... since its introduction: to extend the concept to a biologically compatible readout stage. We propose a novel neural readout circuit based on wavelet transform that decodes the TPC over different frequency bands. We show that, in comparison with pure linear readouts used previously, the proposed syst ...
Time Course and Time–Distance Relationships for Surround
... the latency estimate will grow as the change in response is scaled down. This is undesirable because later we show that, on average, the strength of suppression is approximately scaled down for far surround stimuli (see Results). We tested both latency methods on PSTHs for simulated Poisson spike tr ...
... the latency estimate will grow as the change in response is scaled down. This is undesirable because later we show that, on average, the strength of suppression is approximately scaled down for far surround stimuli (see Results). We tested both latency methods on PSTHs for simulated Poisson spike tr ...
The Differential Role of Motor Cortex in Stretch Reflex Modulation
... conditions. The sham coil (70 mm Placebo Coil, Magstim Co.) produced only the clicking noise, without a corresponding magnetic field. It was discharged repetitively at 5 Hz starting from 1 to 3 s before perturbation onset, with a sound intensity matched to the active coil. During nonTMS trials, the ...
... conditions. The sham coil (70 mm Placebo Coil, Magstim Co.) produced only the clicking noise, without a corresponding magnetic field. It was discharged repetitively at 5 Hz starting from 1 to 3 s before perturbation onset, with a sound intensity matched to the active coil. During nonTMS trials, the ...
Effect of Spatial Attention on the Responses of Area MT Neurons
... 1783–1794, 1999. This study examines the influence of spatial attention on the responses of neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT or V5) of extrastriate cortex. Two monkeys were trained to perform a direction-discrimination task. On each trial, two apertures of random-dot stimuli appeared s ...
... 1783–1794, 1999. This study examines the influence of spatial attention on the responses of neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT or V5) of extrastriate cortex. Two monkeys were trained to perform a direction-discrimination task. On each trial, two apertures of random-dot stimuli appeared s ...
concentration-dependent effects of neostigmine on the endplate
... the same fiber as the recorded MEPCs were obtained before (Fig. 1B) and after (Fig. 1D) exposure to 10m5 M neostigmine. The mean cut-off frequency in control solution was 74 f 18 Hz, yielding a time constant of 2.1 f 0.3 msec (n = 12). In 10e5 M neostigmine, f. was 81 Hz, yielding a time constant of ...
... the same fiber as the recorded MEPCs were obtained before (Fig. 1B) and after (Fig. 1D) exposure to 10m5 M neostigmine. The mean cut-off frequency in control solution was 74 f 18 Hz, yielding a time constant of 2.1 f 0.3 msec (n = 12). In 10e5 M neostigmine, f. was 81 Hz, yielding a time constant of ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... Information processing in the cortex is believed to be facilitated by the interaction of large numbers of synaptically connected neurons. The combination of the computation individual neurons perform on their input with the pattern of flow of activation between the neurons create population activati ...
... Information processing in the cortex is believed to be facilitated by the interaction of large numbers of synaptically connected neurons. The combination of the computation individual neurons perform on their input with the pattern of flow of activation between the neurons create population activati ...
Olfactory Learning in Drosophila: Learning from Models
... For shorter negative ISIs odor and shock stimulus overlap in time. We call this delay conditioning. Similar to trace conditioning, the odor signals the onset of electric shock and triggers a conditioned avoidance response after training. Compared to trace conditioning the LI is larger for a single t ...
... For shorter negative ISIs odor and shock stimulus overlap in time. We call this delay conditioning. Similar to trace conditioning, the odor signals the onset of electric shock and triggers a conditioned avoidance response after training. Compared to trace conditioning the LI is larger for a single t ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... Accumulating evidence has been showing that each one of the pathways alone is sufficient to support auditory fear conditioning. However, according to a recent study, the auditory cortex might be necessary for the recall of auditory fear learning, which would render impossible the task of testing the ...
... Accumulating evidence has been showing that each one of the pathways alone is sufficient to support auditory fear conditioning. However, according to a recent study, the auditory cortex might be necessary for the recall of auditory fear learning, which would render impossible the task of testing the ...
Evolving concepts of developmental auditory processing disorder
... but non-speech tasks, either auditory or non-auditory, is also deficient in those having the clinical presentation of APD. Although it is possible to construct nonspeech auditory discrimination tasks which incorporate the kind of spectro-temporal complexity found in speech and are essential for its ...
... but non-speech tasks, either auditory or non-auditory, is also deficient in those having the clinical presentation of APD. Although it is possible to construct nonspeech auditory discrimination tasks which incorporate the kind of spectro-temporal complexity found in speech and are essential for its ...
THE AMYGDALA AND REWARD
... learning18,19, a simple task that is generally held to tap stimulus–reward learning. These findings do not rule out a role for the amygdala in the representation of reward, in learning about reward or in associative learning in general, but they do indicate that its involvement is much more selectiv ...
... learning18,19, a simple task that is generally held to tap stimulus–reward learning. These findings do not rule out a role for the amygdala in the representation of reward, in learning about reward or in associative learning in general, but they do indicate that its involvement is much more selectiv ...
the amygdala and reward
... learning18,19, a simple task that is generally held to tap stimulus–reward learning. These findings do not rule out a role for the amygdala in the representation of reward, in learning about reward or in associative learning in general, but they do indicate that its involvement is much more selectiv ...
... learning18,19, a simple task that is generally held to tap stimulus–reward learning. These findings do not rule out a role for the amygdala in the representation of reward, in learning about reward or in associative learning in general, but they do indicate that its involvement is much more selectiv ...
Fulltext - Jultika
... The interest to study especially visual systems is partly based on the fact that for us humans vision is such an essential and central sensory system. The second good reason to use vision as a target of studies in sensory and neural processing is more pragmatic. Our ability to control visual inputs, ...
... The interest to study especially visual systems is partly based on the fact that for us humans vision is such an essential and central sensory system. The second good reason to use vision as a target of studies in sensory and neural processing is more pragmatic. Our ability to control visual inputs, ...
Full PDF
... dinated feeding processes (128). Similarly, although integrated survival-related stress responses to external inputs are dependent upon hypocretinergic actions, localized stressors may require only brain stem centers for the generation of a response (128). Accordingly, Furlong et al. (56) found that ...
... dinated feeding processes (128). Similarly, although integrated survival-related stress responses to external inputs are dependent upon hypocretinergic actions, localized stressors may require only brain stem centers for the generation of a response (128). Accordingly, Furlong et al. (56) found that ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... ways: initially, during the experiments, by physiological evidence and later, after euthanasia, by histological methods. During the experiments, we relied on the characteristic progression of RF locations as each electrode was advanced through area 1 into area 3b (Merzenich et al., 1978; Sur et al., ...
... ways: initially, during the experiments, by physiological evidence and later, after euthanasia, by histological methods. During the experiments, we relied on the characteristic progression of RF locations as each electrode was advanced through area 1 into area 3b (Merzenich et al., 1978; Sur et al., ...
Sympathetic innervation of human muscle spindles
... space. TH-immunoreactivity was present mainly in the spindle nerve and vessel. This is, to our knowledge, the first morphological study concerning the sympathetic innervation of the human muscle spindles. The results provide anatomical evidence for direct sympathetic innervation of the intrafusal fi ...
... space. TH-immunoreactivity was present mainly in the spindle nerve and vessel. This is, to our knowledge, the first morphological study concerning the sympathetic innervation of the human muscle spindles. The results provide anatomical evidence for direct sympathetic innervation of the intrafusal fi ...
Visual Adaptation: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Functional Benefits
... benefits. J Neurophysiol 97: 3155–3164, 2007. First published March 7, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.00086.2007. Recent sensory experience affects both perception and the response properties of visual neurons. Here I review a rapid form of experience-dependent plasticity that follows adaptation, the presenta ...
... benefits. J Neurophysiol 97: 3155–3164, 2007. First published March 7, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.00086.2007. Recent sensory experience affects both perception and the response properties of visual neurons. Here I review a rapid form of experience-dependent plasticity that follows adaptation, the presenta ...
amygdala projections to central amygdaloid nucleus subdivisions
... and is best seen with Nissl staining (Fig. 1 inset). This nucleus forms a thin sheet surrounding the basal nucleus rostrally and caudally. The intercalated islands are clusters of small cells interposed between the major nuclei, and are darkly stained in Nissl preparations. The accessory basal nucle ...
... and is best seen with Nissl staining (Fig. 1 inset). This nucleus forms a thin sheet surrounding the basal nucleus rostrally and caudally. The intercalated islands are clusters of small cells interposed between the major nuclei, and are darkly stained in Nissl preparations. The accessory basal nucle ...
Spatial and Temporal Structure of Receptive Fields in Primate
... features to be transmitted to the skin. Control studies showed that the firing rates, response structures, and RFs of most area 3b neurons were unaffected by the latex intermediate (J. J. DiC arlo and K . O. Johnson, unpublished observations). RFs estimated in the same scanning direction with and wi ...
... features to be transmitted to the skin. Control studies showed that the firing rates, response structures, and RFs of most area 3b neurons were unaffected by the latex intermediate (J. J. DiC arlo and K . O. Johnson, unpublished observations). RFs estimated in the same scanning direction with and wi ...
The role of the cerebellum in classical conditioning of
... The CR and the unconditioned response (UR) are similar in eye-blink conditioning in the sense that to a large extent the same muscles and motor nuclei are engaged. However, the CR and the UR differ fundamentally in a number of respects. The minimum onset latency of the CR to a tone CS in well-traine ...
... The CR and the unconditioned response (UR) are similar in eye-blink conditioning in the sense that to a large extent the same muscles and motor nuclei are engaged. However, the CR and the UR differ fundamentally in a number of respects. The minimum onset latency of the CR to a tone CS in well-traine ...
SOP #11 Acoustic Startle and Pre
... conditions appropriate for other sensitive behavioral measures, including constant ambient temperature and a regular circadian lighting pattern. Startle is best measured in the dark phase of a rat’s circadian cycle, when it is most robust and least variable; effects of circadian cycle on startle pla ...
... conditions appropriate for other sensitive behavioral measures, including constant ambient temperature and a regular circadian lighting pattern. Startle is best measured in the dark phase of a rat’s circadian cycle, when it is most robust and least variable; effects of circadian cycle on startle pla ...
Can the negative deflections found with EEG on frontocentral
... Electroencephalography (EEG) is an non-invasive method to measure brain activity in healthy subjects. By measuring the electric field on the subjects scalp, researchers are trying to identify different processes, brain states, brain oscillations or find markers of mental diseases. An event-related p ...
... Electroencephalography (EEG) is an non-invasive method to measure brain activity in healthy subjects. By measuring the electric field on the subjects scalp, researchers are trying to identify different processes, brain states, brain oscillations or find markers of mental diseases. An event-related p ...
Serotonin in the inferior colliculus fluctuates with behavioral state
... (7.5cm diameter) within their home cage. This was achieved by surrounding the animal with a tube that had high, smooth walls to prevent jumping or climbing but no floor and an open top to accommodate the recording tether. The size of this behavioral arena limits the lateral range of travel without ...
... (7.5cm diameter) within their home cage. This was achieved by surrounding the animal with a tube that had high, smooth walls to prevent jumping or climbing but no floor and an open top to accommodate the recording tether. The size of this behavioral arena limits the lateral range of travel without ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... and begin bursting, EEG rhythms appear on parieto-occipital cortex. The degree of hyperpolarization, the number of thalamic relay cells induced to collective oscillation, and the receptivity of cortical cells to the resulting gated input is determined in large part by additional modulating influence ...
... and begin bursting, EEG rhythms appear on parieto-occipital cortex. The degree of hyperpolarization, the number of thalamic relay cells induced to collective oscillation, and the receptivity of cortical cells to the resulting gated input is determined in large part by additional modulating influence ...