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Optical spectroscopy techniques
... Pump and Probe beam configuration: Doppler-‐broadened shape can be eliminated ...
... Pump and Probe beam configuration: Doppler-‐broadened shape can be eliminated ...
Laser Ray Viewing Kit - Industrial Fiber Optics
... A laser or laser system, which does not present a hazard to skin or eyes for any wavelength or exposure time. Exposure varies with wavelength. For ultraviolet, 2 to 4 μm exposures is less than from 8 nW to 8 μW. Visible light exposure varies from 4 μW to 200 μW, and for near-IR, the exposure is < 20 ...
... A laser or laser system, which does not present a hazard to skin or eyes for any wavelength or exposure time. Exposure varies with wavelength. For ultraviolet, 2 to 4 μm exposures is less than from 8 nW to 8 μW. Visible light exposure varies from 4 μW to 200 μW, and for near-IR, the exposure is < 20 ...
Relative Phase Measurement of a Stark Wave Packet in the...
... repeats its motion after each period. The phase and chirp of each of the electron pulses can be measured through interference with a reference electron pulse if the time dependence of the ejected electron flux is measured and if the reference electron pulse is not highly chirped. In the experiment, ...
... repeats its motion after each period. The phase and chirp of each of the electron pulses can be measured through interference with a reference electron pulse if the time dependence of the ejected electron flux is measured and if the reference electron pulse is not highly chirped. In the experiment, ...
c =λ* f λ = wavelength
... Townes and Shawlow worked together in a study in 1958 to solve the problems evolved from the manufacturing of optical maser, which may be; 1.The differences in energy levels to produce visible radiation are large comparing to (KT) at room temperature, while for MASER those differences are small. Thi ...
... Townes and Shawlow worked together in a study in 1958 to solve the problems evolved from the manufacturing of optical maser, which may be; 1.The differences in energy levels to produce visible radiation are large comparing to (KT) at room temperature, while for MASER those differences are small. Thi ...
Optical Measurements of Pollution Dispersion at
... Our reason for choosing the optical coherence technique, despite the loss of signal power, was to obtain some useful range resolution beyond 200 m. Because of the length of the Rayleigh waist, this is the greatest useful range for a focused system with 50 mm optics at a wavelength of 1.5 μm. The len ...
... Our reason for choosing the optical coherence technique, despite the loss of signal power, was to obtain some useful range resolution beyond 200 m. Because of the length of the Rayleigh waist, this is the greatest useful range for a focused system with 50 mm optics at a wavelength of 1.5 μm. The len ...
Observation of transverse interference fringes on an atom laser beam
... potential to revolutionise future atom interferometric sensors [2, 3, 4], in which a high flux of collimated atoms is required. The ultimate performance of such sensors will rely on the signal-to-noise ratio with which atoms in the atom laser beam can be detected. In the case of a metastable helium ...
... potential to revolutionise future atom interferometric sensors [2, 3, 4], in which a high flux of collimated atoms is required. The ultimate performance of such sensors will rely on the signal-to-noise ratio with which atoms in the atom laser beam can be detected. In the case of a metastable helium ...
Probing dipole-forbidden autoionizing states by isolated attosecond
... of matters. For atomic or molecular systems, the details in the spectroscopy reveal the information at the microscopic regime such as the energy levels, decay rates, and transition strengths between the quantum states. A large amount of data has been obtained and recorded by synchrotron radiations u ...
... of matters. For atomic or molecular systems, the details in the spectroscopy reveal the information at the microscopic regime such as the energy levels, decay rates, and transition strengths between the quantum states. A large amount of data has been obtained and recorded by synchrotron radiations u ...
Bistable localized emission states in a 200 μm broad
... With a careful alignment of the feedback from the grating, several bistable spots appeared spontaneously in the near-field. Their switch-on and switch-off are abrupt, and their bistability range on the order of several mA. The spot size is typically 10μm, although this may vary upon the near-field l ...
... With a careful alignment of the feedback from the grating, several bistable spots appeared spontaneously in the near-field. Their switch-on and switch-off are abrupt, and their bistability range on the order of several mA. The spot size is typically 10μm, although this may vary upon the near-field l ...
First-order strong-field QED processes in a tightly focused laser beam
... is so weak that during the process under consideration an electron effectively interacts only with a single external-field photon, then even the use of the Furry picture is redundant and essentially the amplitudes of vacuum QED can be employed to calculate transition probabilities. In the case of a ...
... is so weak that during the process under consideration an electron effectively interacts only with a single external-field photon, then even the use of the Furry picture is redundant and essentially the amplitudes of vacuum QED can be employed to calculate transition probabilities. In the case of a ...
HHG with ERL FEL
... • Chirped pulse generation in a FEL oscillator using a chirped electron beam and pulse compression • Mode-locking techniques in FELs -Active mode-locking - Passive mode-locking ...
... • Chirped pulse generation in a FEL oscillator using a chirped electron beam and pulse compression • Mode-locking techniques in FELs -Active mode-locking - Passive mode-locking ...
unable_MEMS.pdf
... The actuator fabrication process is rela high external-cavity feedback level, low by use of the error signal from a waveatively simple, requiring only five masks intracavity diode-facet reflectance and a length locker (WLL) etalon in a servo that (see Fig. 3). First, alignment marks are well-confine ...
... The actuator fabrication process is rela high external-cavity feedback level, low by use of the error signal from a waveatively simple, requiring only five masks intracavity diode-facet reflectance and a length locker (WLL) etalon in a servo that (see Fig. 3). First, alignment marks are well-confine ...
TDLS98AbBook
... substrates using buffer layers that contain BaF2. Such growth allows removal of IV-VI semiconductor laser structures from the silicon growth substrate by dissolving the BaF2 layer with water. This allows epitaxially-grown laser structures to be sandwiched between two heat sinks with a minimum of the ...
... substrates using buffer layers that contain BaF2. Such growth allows removal of IV-VI semiconductor laser structures from the silicon growth substrate by dissolving the BaF2 layer with water. This allows epitaxially-grown laser structures to be sandwiched between two heat sinks with a minimum of the ...
Optical Cavity and laser Modes
... • The cavity mirrors are not exactly aligned perpendicular to the laser axis, and parallel to each other (symmetric), the radiation inside the cavity will not be confined during its path between the mirrors. • Absorption, scattering and losses in optical elements Since optical elements are not ideal ...
... • The cavity mirrors are not exactly aligned perpendicular to the laser axis, and parallel to each other (symmetric), the radiation inside the cavity will not be confined during its path between the mirrors. • Absorption, scattering and losses in optical elements Since optical elements are not ideal ...
Broadband Semiconductor Light Source for Optical Sensing
... the SLD. Spontaneous emission generated randomly in a semiconductor gain medium having a broad population inversion is amplified in the process of stimulated emission while it passes through the device, and is emitted as amplified spontaneous emission. In Fig. 1, increasing the device length corresp ...
... the SLD. Spontaneous emission generated randomly in a semiconductor gain medium having a broad population inversion is amplified in the process of stimulated emission while it passes through the device, and is emitted as amplified spontaneous emission. In Fig. 1, increasing the device length corresp ...
Photonic Devices II Purpose of the Lab
... are sent on a single fiber) and as reflectors in external cavity of Distributed Bragg Reflector lasers. The basic grating equation is given by: m*λ = gs*(sin θ + sin φm) Where: gs = groove spacing, m = order of the refracted ray, λ = free space wavelength of the incident ray, θ = angle of incidence ...
... are sent on a single fiber) and as reflectors in external cavity of Distributed Bragg Reflector lasers. The basic grating equation is given by: m*λ = gs*(sin θ + sin φm) Where: gs = groove spacing, m = order of the refracted ray, λ = free space wavelength of the incident ray, θ = angle of incidence ...
Precision spectroscopy using quantum superposition of atomic levels
... superposition of two states, and in this way memory and processing capabilities of quantum computers exponentially increase with the number of qubits. Quantum entanglement is also important for quantum computation and quantum cryptography. Such states in quantum metrology significantly improve the si ...
... superposition of two states, and in this way memory and processing capabilities of quantum computers exponentially increase with the number of qubits. Quantum entanglement is also important for quantum computation and quantum cryptography. Such states in quantum metrology significantly improve the si ...
Observation of Cooper minimum in Krypton using high harmonic
... of the spectrum by second order diffraction. We experienced a similar problem when recording the spectrum of xenon, due to the very strong emission around 100 eV which appeared as a second peak at 50 eV. This was improved when we replaced the Hitachi grating with a Shimadzu grating. The Shimadzu gra ...
... of the spectrum by second order diffraction. We experienced a similar problem when recording the spectrum of xenon, due to the very strong emission around 100 eV which appeared as a second peak at 50 eV. This was improved when we replaced the Hitachi grating with a Shimadzu grating. The Shimadzu gra ...
Semiconductor lasers Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1964
... possibility of using them for making oscillators with a frequency range from the far-infrared region to the optical or even to the ultraviolet range, as well as because of the variety of methods by means of which states with negative temperatures may be obtained within them and because of their larg ...
... possibility of using them for making oscillators with a frequency range from the far-infrared region to the optical or even to the ultraviolet range, as well as because of the variety of methods by means of which states with negative temperatures may be obtained within them and because of their larg ...
Nikolai G. Basov - Nobel Lecture
... possibility of using them for making oscillators with a frequency range from the far-infrared region to the optical or even to the ultraviolet range, as well as because of the variety of methods by means of which states with negative temperatures may be obtained within them and because of their larg ...
... possibility of using them for making oscillators with a frequency range from the far-infrared region to the optical or even to the ultraviolet range, as well as because of the variety of methods by means of which states with negative temperatures may be obtained within them and because of their larg ...
Experimental observation of the far field diffraction patterns of
... the medium nonlinearity. Our results are in good agreement with a model for a thin selfdefocusing medium based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory. ...
... the medium nonlinearity. Our results are in good agreement with a model for a thin selfdefocusing medium based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory. ...
Photoexfoliation of Graphene from Graphite: An Ab Initio Study Yoshiyuki Miyamoto,
... chemical [3–7] exfoliation of graphite, or may form by annealing SiC single crystals [8], or by chemical vapor deposition [9]. Among the production methods, the initial ‘‘scotch tape’’ mechanical exfoliation [1] is still unsurpassed in producing the highest quality samples with a minimum of contamin ...
... chemical [3–7] exfoliation of graphite, or may form by annealing SiC single crystals [8], or by chemical vapor deposition [9]. Among the production methods, the initial ‘‘scotch tape’’ mechanical exfoliation [1] is still unsurpassed in producing the highest quality samples with a minimum of contamin ...
OSA journals template (MSWORD)
... A schematic diagram of the LOFI experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1(a). Typically, the laser is a CW microchip laser [20]. The laser beam is conventionally sent towards a frequency shifter that is composed of two acousto-optic deflectors (AOD), respectively supplied by a RF signal at 81.5 MHz and ...
... A schematic diagram of the LOFI experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1(a). Typically, the laser is a CW microchip laser [20]. The laser beam is conventionally sent towards a frequency shifter that is composed of two acousto-optic deflectors (AOD), respectively supplied by a RF signal at 81.5 MHz and ...
Annual report
... Here the dispersion due to the neutral atoms (na density), the optical Kerr-effect (nonlinear refractive index caused by laser intensity I) and the plasma dispersion (ne electron density) are included. In order to solve the wave equation, the completely defined pulse at the entrance to the nonlinear ...
... Here the dispersion due to the neutral atoms (na density), the optical Kerr-effect (nonlinear refractive index caused by laser intensity I) and the plasma dispersion (ne electron density) are included. In order to solve the wave equation, the completely defined pulse at the entrance to the nonlinear ...
Space-Time-Wavelength Mapping Based
... vertical dimension, while a grating diffracts it in the horizontal dimension, creating a 2D space-wavelength mapping. Through electro-optic modulation in time domain it is possible to manipulate the power spectral density of the spectrum at individual wavelengths, and hence control the 2D intensity ...
... vertical dimension, while a grating diffracts it in the horizontal dimension, creating a 2D space-wavelength mapping. Through electro-optic modulation in time domain it is possible to manipulate the power spectral density of the spectrum at individual wavelengths, and hence control the 2D intensity ...
Laser Beam Profile, Spot size and Beam Divergence
... can do this by slowly adjusting the laser in it’s support while checking the intensity pattern along two virtual horizontal lines at different heights on the beam cross-section. After this is done, we fix a distance for the detector and take intensity measurements of the beam along a horizontal line ...
... can do this by slowly adjusting the laser in it’s support while checking the intensity pattern along two virtual horizontal lines at different heights on the beam cross-section. After this is done, we fix a distance for the detector and take intensity measurements of the beam along a horizontal line ...
Laser
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Military_laser_experiment.jpg?width=300)
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term ""laser"" originated as an acronym for ""light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation"". The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light coherently. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser pointers. Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to emit light with a very narrow spectrum, i.e., they can emit a single color of light. Temporal coherence can be used to produce pulses of light as short as a femtosecond.Among their many applications, lasers are used in optical disk drives, laser printers, and barcode scanners; fiber-optic and free-space optical communication; laser surgery and skin treatments; cutting and welding materials; military and law enforcement devices for marking targets and measuring range and speed; and laser lighting displays in entertainment.