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Optical Fiber Amplifiers
... short length of optical fiber that has been treated or "doped" with the element erbium. When the laser that carries the signal causes the signal to pass through this fiber, energy is applied to boost, or amplify, the level of the signal. In fiber optic systems amplification of the signal is necessar ...
... short length of optical fiber that has been treated or "doped" with the element erbium. When the laser that carries the signal causes the signal to pass through this fiber, energy is applied to boost, or amplify, the level of the signal. In fiber optic systems amplification of the signal is necessar ...
H. Haus
... minimum loss. Single mode fibers and their interconnections can be made with very small insertion losses. We have been able to observe 5dB squeezing using pulses at 1.3 mm3. The squeezing is limited because different temporal portions of the Gaussian pulse do not interact with each other. Each porti ...
... minimum loss. Single mode fibers and their interconnections can be made with very small insertion losses. We have been able to observe 5dB squeezing using pulses at 1.3 mm3. The squeezing is limited because different temporal portions of the Gaussian pulse do not interact with each other. Each porti ...
Optical Interferometers
... by observing changes in a overlapping interference fringes from these two lines. A Fabry-Perot interferometer consists of two parallel glass plates, flat to better than 1/4 of an optical wavelength λ, and coated on the inner surfaces with a partially transmitting metallic layer. Such two-mirror arra ...
... by observing changes in a overlapping interference fringes from these two lines. A Fabry-Perot interferometer consists of two parallel glass plates, flat to better than 1/4 of an optical wavelength λ, and coated on the inner surfaces with a partially transmitting metallic layer. Such two-mirror arra ...
- Phasics
... Flash-lamp-pumped high-energy solid-state lasers are limited in terms of focusability by thermal effects. Because most of the broadband flash-lamp energy cannot be transferred to the laser pulses, it is dissipated as heat in the amplifiers. The consequent temperature rise deforms the amplifying mate ...
... Flash-lamp-pumped high-energy solid-state lasers are limited in terms of focusability by thermal effects. Because most of the broadband flash-lamp energy cannot be transferred to the laser pulses, it is dissipated as heat in the amplifiers. The consequent temperature rise deforms the amplifying mate ...
How to Get Atoms Really, Really Cold Laser Cooling
... Atoms have discrete energy levels ground state, excited state ...
... Atoms have discrete energy levels ground state, excited state ...
Integrated Optics
... • Integrated optics is a system of light-controlling components combined into a single device. The ultimate aim is to create miniature optical circuits similar to the silicon chips that have revolutionized the electronics industry. The advantage of the optical approach however is that data can be pr ...
... • Integrated optics is a system of light-controlling components combined into a single device. The ultimate aim is to create miniature optical circuits similar to the silicon chips that have revolutionized the electronics industry. The advantage of the optical approach however is that data can be pr ...
Polarization spectra of excited-state-Mg(3p)--rare-gas
... atoms and ground-state Ar and Ne atoms are studied by absorption of light from a second polarized nonresonant radiation field tuned in the vicinity of an atomic Mg electronic transition from the resonant 3p 'P, level to the more highly excited Ss 'So level. The experiments reveal that a large amount ...
... atoms and ground-state Ar and Ne atoms are studied by absorption of light from a second polarized nonresonant radiation field tuned in the vicinity of an atomic Mg electronic transition from the resonant 3p 'P, level to the more highly excited Ss 'So level. The experiments reveal that a large amount ...
Design and Simulation of DPSS Laser with SHG for Material
... HR, Nd:YVO4 (vanadate), KTP, and OC mirrors are all permanently aligned. For many applications, no additional optics is required. Such systems are used mainly for SHG, which involve two fundamental mode photons [9]. The dimensions of DPM0101 crystal is approximately 1x1x2.5mm. Vanadate doping and th ...
... HR, Nd:YVO4 (vanadate), KTP, and OC mirrors are all permanently aligned. For many applications, no additional optics is required. Such systems are used mainly for SHG, which involve two fundamental mode photons [9]. The dimensions of DPM0101 crystal is approximately 1x1x2.5mm. Vanadate doping and th ...
Simple 3-D characterization of ultrashort laser pulses
... chemical reaction [2-4] or the phototherapy with femtosecond (10-15 s.) laser pulses [5]. The three most important parameters for a laser pulse are the spatial distribution of the laser fluence (energy per unit area), the pulse duration and the chirp (the frequency change across the pulse). Although ...
... chemical reaction [2-4] or the phototherapy with femtosecond (10-15 s.) laser pulses [5]. The three most important parameters for a laser pulse are the spatial distribution of the laser fluence (energy per unit area), the pulse duration and the chirp (the frequency change across the pulse). Although ...
LASER LITHOTRIPSY OF KIDNEY CALCULI WITH A Nd:YAG
... breakdown frequency in water as a function of electric field strength. According to Ref. (8) a field strength of 60 MV/m will destroy any calculi in water. It has been shown that when the stone is immersed in water, the destruction is ten times more effective than when the stone is surrounded by air ...
... breakdown frequency in water as a function of electric field strength. According to Ref. (8) a field strength of 60 MV/m will destroy any calculi in water. It has been shown that when the stone is immersed in water, the destruction is ten times more effective than when the stone is surrounded by air ...
2000
... 6. Does matter wave amplification work for fermions? Several recently observed phenomena Bose-Einstein condensates, superradiance of atoms, four-wave mixing and matter wave amplification were described as processes which are bosonically stimulated, i.e., their rates are proportional to (N+1), where ...
... 6. Does matter wave amplification work for fermions? Several recently observed phenomena Bose-Einstein condensates, superradiance of atoms, four-wave mixing and matter wave amplification were described as processes which are bosonically stimulated, i.e., their rates are proportional to (N+1), where ...
Semiconductor microcavities: half light, half matter
... This strong-coupling regime, which indicates that polaritons have been produced, was first observed in 1991 by Claude Weisbuch, Yasu Arakawa and colleagues at the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Tokyo in Japan. They repeatedly saw a sample absorbing two separ ...
... This strong-coupling regime, which indicates that polaritons have been produced, was first observed in 1991 by Claude Weisbuch, Yasu Arakawa and colleagues at the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Tokyo in Japan. They repeatedly saw a sample absorbing two separ ...
The Basic Idea
... encounter yet another resonant cavity in their respective arms. They are called FabryPerot cavities (FP). Each of the FP cavities are another kind of interferometer; it has a partially reflecting mirror at one end, where the light enters, and a fully reflecting one at the far end. You can probably s ...
... encounter yet another resonant cavity in their respective arms. They are called FabryPerot cavities (FP). Each of the FP cavities are another kind of interferometer; it has a partially reflecting mirror at one end, where the light enters, and a fully reflecting one at the far end. You can probably s ...
3.4-?m ZGP RISTRA nanosecond - AS
... Conventional standing-wave or planar-ring OPO cavities operating with high cavity Fresnel numbers (NF = D2/λL, where D is the beam diameter, λ is the OPO signal wavelength and L is the cavity length) produce low-quality beams. Our ZGP OPO uses a non-planar geometry, where the cavity’s image rotation ...
... Conventional standing-wave or planar-ring OPO cavities operating with high cavity Fresnel numbers (NF = D2/λL, where D is the beam diameter, λ is the OPO signal wavelength and L is the cavity length) produce low-quality beams. Our ZGP OPO uses a non-planar geometry, where the cavity’s image rotation ...
Optical Characterization of Quantum Dots
... Semiconductor materials find applications as solar cells, transistors, lasers and many more due to their optical and electrical properties. Although they are already a fixed part in everyday use they are still of great interest for scientists and engineers. In particular, the semiconductor nanostruc ...
... Semiconductor materials find applications as solar cells, transistors, lasers and many more due to their optical and electrical properties. Although they are already a fixed part in everyday use they are still of great interest for scientists and engineers. In particular, the semiconductor nanostruc ...
Tapered Fiber Fabrication
... constant that can range from -1 to +1, and x is the pull length of the fiber. If desired, higher order terms could be added to this polynomial. In order to heat the fiber to a high temperature, the laser beam needed to be focused down to a radius of around 50 µm. The ABCD matrix method provided a co ...
... constant that can range from -1 to +1, and x is the pull length of the fiber. If desired, higher order terms could be added to this polynomial. In order to heat the fiber to a high temperature, the laser beam needed to be focused down to a radius of around 50 µm. The ABCD matrix method provided a co ...
of GaAs/AlGaAs Dimensional Surface-EmittingArrays
... lasers with intracavity 45° deflecting mirrors are fabricated. In both monolithic approaches, all the laser facets and deflecting mirrors are fabricated by IBAE. The hybrid approach is a technology that can be implemented today. In fact, arrays made with this process are currently being used to side ...
... lasers with intracavity 45° deflecting mirrors are fabricated. In both monolithic approaches, all the laser facets and deflecting mirrors are fabricated by IBAE. The hybrid approach is a technology that can be implemented today. In fact, arrays made with this process are currently being used to side ...
Quantum State Engineering on an Optical Transition and
... time required for a quantum gate operation. We attribute the measured 1 ms decoherence time to laser and magnetic field fluctuations. Heating of the motional degrees of freedom has also been measured directly to happen at least 1 order of magnitude more slowly. This confirms that in the comparativel ...
... time required for a quantum gate operation. We attribute the measured 1 ms decoherence time to laser and magnetic field fluctuations. Heating of the motional degrees of freedom has also been measured directly to happen at least 1 order of magnitude more slowly. This confirms that in the comparativel ...
Microsoft Word - DORAS
... pulse source is characterized by an SMSR in excess of 30 dB and a timing jitter of approximately <1 ps. We established that about a 25 dB (from 5 to 30 dB) improvement of the SMSR can be observed within a large enough area to consider that optical injection can be part of a short optical pulse sourc ...
... pulse source is characterized by an SMSR in excess of 30 dB and a timing jitter of approximately <1 ps. We established that about a 25 dB (from 5 to 30 dB) improvement of the SMSR can be observed within a large enough area to consider that optical injection can be part of a short optical pulse sourc ...
3D Finite Element Model for Writing Long
... micrometers. LPFGs require therefore simpler fabrication processes and have lower costs, and show lower retro-reflection, higher sensitivity and robustness in sensing applications when compared with FBG [8]. A LPFG can be produced mechanically [9], chemically (etching) [10], by photonic processes (u ...
... micrometers. LPFGs require therefore simpler fabrication processes and have lower costs, and show lower retro-reflection, higher sensitivity and robustness in sensing applications when compared with FBG [8]. A LPFG can be produced mechanically [9], chemically (etching) [10], by photonic processes (u ...
Non-reciprocal ultrafast laser writing
... We will refer to this phenomenon as the photothermal effect in non-centrosymmetric media, or the bulk photothermal effect, to highlight that the light-induced heat current can be excited even under homogeneous illumination and in a homogeneous noncentrosymmetric medium45. However, the developed phen ...
... We will refer to this phenomenon as the photothermal effect in non-centrosymmetric media, or the bulk photothermal effect, to highlight that the light-induced heat current can be excited even under homogeneous illumination and in a homogeneous noncentrosymmetric medium45. However, the developed phen ...
Passive intrinsic-linewidth narrowing of ultraviolet extended-cavity diode laser by weak optical feedback
... linewidth. Although we expect a longer cavity to perform better in narrowing, the maximum length is limited due to a noise peak at the free spectral range (FSR) of the long external cavity, as shown in the following section of this paper. Indeed, for a sufficiently long cavity with a correspondingly ...
... linewidth. Although we expect a longer cavity to perform better in narrowing, the maximum length is limited due to a noise peak at the free spectral range (FSR) of the long external cavity, as shown in the following section of this paper. Indeed, for a sufficiently long cavity with a correspondingly ...
Passive intrinsic-linewidth narrowing of ultraviolet extended-cavity diode laser by weak optical feedback.
... linewidth. Although we expect a longer cavity to perform better in narrowing, the maximum length is limited due to a noise peak at the free spectral range (FSR) of the long external cavity, as shown in the following section of this paper. Indeed, for a sufficiently long cavity with a correspondingly ...
... linewidth. Although we expect a longer cavity to perform better in narrowing, the maximum length is limited due to a noise peak at the free spectral range (FSR) of the long external cavity, as shown in the following section of this paper. Indeed, for a sufficiently long cavity with a correspondingly ...
Shaped ultrafast laser pulses in the deep ultraviolet
... (∼ 260 nm). Shaping the ultraviolet (UV) after generation allows for high-energy shaped pulses (few microjoules), while maximizing fidelity. An advantage of working in the ultraviolet with an acousto-optic pulse shaper is that wavelength-dependent diffraction effects are much less important than in ...
... (∼ 260 nm). Shaping the ultraviolet (UV) after generation allows for high-energy shaped pulses (few microjoules), while maximizing fidelity. An advantage of working in the ultraviolet with an acousto-optic pulse shaper is that wavelength-dependent diffraction effects are much less important than in ...
1 Introduction 2 Theory of Optical Trapping
... 2 Theory of Optical Trapping 2.1 Simple explanation of optical trapping A basic and intuitive explanation of optical trapping can be given by a ray description. Consider a transparent bead (whose index of refraction is larger than that of surrounding medium), placed in an intensity gradient (Figure ...
... 2 Theory of Optical Trapping 2.1 Simple explanation of optical trapping A basic and intuitive explanation of optical trapping can be given by a ray description. Consider a transparent bead (whose index of refraction is larger than that of surrounding medium), placed in an intensity gradient (Figure ...
Laser
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Military_laser_experiment.jpg?width=300)
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term ""laser"" originated as an acronym for ""light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation"". The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light coherently. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser pointers. Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to emit light with a very narrow spectrum, i.e., they can emit a single color of light. Temporal coherence can be used to produce pulses of light as short as a femtosecond.Among their many applications, lasers are used in optical disk drives, laser printers, and barcode scanners; fiber-optic and free-space optical communication; laser surgery and skin treatments; cutting and welding materials; military and law enforcement devices for marking targets and measuring range and speed; and laser lighting displays in entertainment.