The Projecting Microscope
... The properties of laser beams depend upon the details of the laser construction and mode of operation. A complete treatment of laser beam properties is quite involved, requiring at least Maxwell's equations, and often quantum electrodynamics, to understand beam diffraction effects and laser photon p ...
... The properties of laser beams depend upon the details of the laser construction and mode of operation. A complete treatment of laser beam properties is quite involved, requiring at least Maxwell's equations, and often quantum electrodynamics, to understand beam diffraction effects and laser photon p ...
Optical amplifiers
... whisky goes into the student, but instantly comes back out, magnified several times with a flurry of liquid from the earlier pumping. And so the optical signal exits the EDFA having been increased in intensity several times over. Erbium has several energy levels, but its ions are usually in the grou ...
... whisky goes into the student, but instantly comes back out, magnified several times with a flurry of liquid from the earlier pumping. And so the optical signal exits the EDFA having been increased in intensity several times over. Erbium has several energy levels, but its ions are usually in the grou ...
Observing Angular Deviations in the Specular Reflection of a Light
... far-field, thus enabling detailed study of this emission along the optical path. Extended curved filaments generated by self-bending Airy beams may find applications in remote sensing. We started with 35-fs pulses with a Gaussian beam profile and transformed the beam into a 2-D Airy beam using a com ...
... far-field, thus enabling detailed study of this emission along the optical path. Extended curved filaments generated by self-bending Airy beams may find applications in remote sensing. We started with 35-fs pulses with a Gaussian beam profile and transformed the beam into a 2-D Airy beam using a com ...
Optics and Quantum Electronics
... spectroscopy, ultrashort pulse laser sources at these high repetition rates are desired. In this project, pulses as short as 5 fs have been obtained directly from a Kerr-Lens modelocked Ti:sapphire laser9 at 100 MHz repetition rate with an average output power of up to 200 mW. This has been made pos ...
... spectroscopy, ultrashort pulse laser sources at these high repetition rates are desired. In this project, pulses as short as 5 fs have been obtained directly from a Kerr-Lens modelocked Ti:sapphire laser9 at 100 MHz repetition rate with an average output power of up to 200 mW. This has been made pos ...
CHAPTER 4---
... Figure 5.3-10 The use of Brewster windows in a gas laser provides a linearly polarized laser beam. Light polarized in the plane of incidence (the TM wave) is transmitted without reflection loss through a window placed at the Brewster angle. The orthogonally polarized (TE) mode suffers reflection los ...
... Figure 5.3-10 The use of Brewster windows in a gas laser provides a linearly polarized laser beam. Light polarized in the plane of incidence (the TM wave) is transmitted without reflection loss through a window placed at the Brewster angle. The orthogonally polarized (TE) mode suffers reflection los ...
Modes in Optical Fibers
... alignment of the fiber along the axial direction (along the direction propagation). Adjust the X and Y components of the fiber alignment using fine adjustment knobs on the tilt stage of the fiber coupler, to achieve the maximum coupling. The complete experimental setup is shown in Fig 2. ...
... alignment of the fiber along the axial direction (along the direction propagation). Adjust the X and Y components of the fiber alignment using fine adjustment knobs on the tilt stage of the fiber coupler, to achieve the maximum coupling. The complete experimental setup is shown in Fig 2. ...
Ultrafast Laser-induced Damage and the Influence of Spectral Effects
... distorted by nonlinear optical effects during propagation. Processes such as self-phase modulation and ionization can broaden the spectrum and shift the central frequency away from its original value, see Fig. 1. The influence of these nonlinear processes on the pulse spectra, and the resulting spec ...
... distorted by nonlinear optical effects during propagation. Processes such as self-phase modulation and ionization can broaden the spectrum and shift the central frequency away from its original value, see Fig. 1. The influence of these nonlinear processes on the pulse spectra, and the resulting spec ...
Depth of field and improved resolution of slit-scan flow systems
... of optical resolution under the real experimental conditions used as well as a description how to overcome experimental limitations are missing. Often, resolution values are estimated under the assumption of ideal Gaussian beam propagation. These estimates suffer from a discrepancy to practical impl ...
... of optical resolution under the real experimental conditions used as well as a description how to overcome experimental limitations are missing. Often, resolution values are estimated under the assumption of ideal Gaussian beam propagation. These estimates suffer from a discrepancy to practical impl ...
Paper
... dressed condensate above and below the threshold for the matter wave amplification. The optical gain below the threshold has a narrow bandwidth due to the long coherence time of a condensate. This resulted in an extremely slow group velocity for the amplified light. Above the threshold, we observed ...
... dressed condensate above and below the threshold for the matter wave amplification. The optical gain below the threshold has a narrow bandwidth due to the long coherence time of a condensate. This resulted in an extremely slow group velocity for the amplified light. Above the threshold, we observed ...
Laboratory Experiment
... 6. Describe the beam from the collimated diode laser giving its waist dimension(s) and divergence angles. 7. Comment on anything you observed that didn't quite fit the "conventional theory". Conclusion: After this lab you should have a good understanding of how Gaussian beams behave and how to calcu ...
... 6. Describe the beam from the collimated diode laser giving its waist dimension(s) and divergence angles. 7. Comment on anything you observed that didn't quite fit the "conventional theory". Conclusion: After this lab you should have a good understanding of how Gaussian beams behave and how to calcu ...
Gaussian Beams
... 6. Describe the beam from the collimated diode laser giving its waist dimension(s) and divergence angles. 7. Comment on anything you observed that didn't quite fit the "conventional theory". Conclusion: After this lab you should have a good understanding of how Gaussian beams behave and how to calcu ...
... 6. Describe the beam from the collimated diode laser giving its waist dimension(s) and divergence angles. 7. Comment on anything you observed that didn't quite fit the "conventional theory". Conclusion: After this lab you should have a good understanding of how Gaussian beams behave and how to calcu ...
Correction of sampling errors due to laser tuning
... it changes throughout a wavelength sweep. This information is then used to resample the fringe data from a grid of equal time intervals to a grid of equal frequency intervals [14, 15]. The third technique, the frequency-sampling method, also uses an auxiliary interferometer, but avoids the potential ...
... it changes throughout a wavelength sweep. This information is then used to resample the fringe data from a grid of equal time intervals to a grid of equal frequency intervals [14, 15]. The third technique, the frequency-sampling method, also uses an auxiliary interferometer, but avoids the potential ...
Large-Scale Optical-Field Measurements with Geometric Fibre Constructs
... The great variety of optical cavities and their coupling to gain media has made lasers pervasive in science and technology. In particular, fiber lasers have recently been the focus of much interest. However, all fiber lasers to date emit radiation only along the fiber axis with a spot size dictated ...
... The great variety of optical cavities and their coupling to gain media has made lasers pervasive in science and technology. In particular, fiber lasers have recently been the focus of much interest. However, all fiber lasers to date emit radiation only along the fiber axis with a spot size dictated ...
253.pdf
... cavity whenever the carrier population is perturbed by external means. The latter can be in the form of electrical injection or optical excitation.1 Thus, in a semiconductor laser cavity a damped oscillatory optical output is observed. This is accompanied by a similar perturbation in the carrier den ...
... cavity whenever the carrier population is perturbed by external means. The latter can be in the form of electrical injection or optical excitation.1 Thus, in a semiconductor laser cavity a damped oscillatory optical output is observed. This is accompanied by a similar perturbation in the carrier den ...
Ultrashort laser pulse generation
... A passive optical component that transmits say 90% of the incident radiation at low intensities and increasingly more for higher intensities is able for creating a net gain window (yellow region) for an intense pulse, favouring thereby operation in a pulsed mode. The most intense initial fluctuation ...
... A passive optical component that transmits say 90% of the incident radiation at low intensities and increasingly more for higher intensities is able for creating a net gain window (yellow region) for an intense pulse, favouring thereby operation in a pulsed mode. The most intense initial fluctuation ...
The Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science
... meters from the interaction region (IR). The X-ray beam enters the hutch and can first be visualized endstation, the High-Field Physics on a diagnostic (D) screen 5 m upstream of the IR. The beam passes through the aperture slits (S) (HFP) system, is optimized for highand is focused by the KB optics ...
... meters from the interaction region (IR). The X-ray beam enters the hutch and can first be visualized endstation, the High-Field Physics on a diagnostic (D) screen 5 m upstream of the IR. The beam passes through the aperture slits (S) (HFP) system, is optimized for highand is focused by the KB optics ...
Koji Arai – LIGO Laboratory / Caltech
... Corresponds to the suppression of TEM02/11/20 mode in These two mirr()rs trap the m gaussian the beam with regard to tcan he thus cavity ode beam as a sta.nding wave between the two n'}irrors, with, if the inirrors are large enough in size, negligi ...
... Corresponds to the suppression of TEM02/11/20 mode in These two mirr()rs trap the m gaussian the beam with regard to tcan he thus cavity ode beam as a sta.nding wave between the two n'}irrors, with, if the inirrors are large enough in size, negligi ...
Optical properties of small-bore hollow glass waveguides
... dielectric layer deposited on the inside of silica tubing. The first results and structure of the hollow glass waveguides are given in Ref. 6. For IR light, this guide acts as a dielectric-coated, metallic, hollow waveguide 1leaky guide27 because the metal layer is designed to be thick enough so tha ...
... dielectric layer deposited on the inside of silica tubing. The first results and structure of the hollow glass waveguides are given in Ref. 6. For IR light, this guide acts as a dielectric-coated, metallic, hollow waveguide 1leaky guide27 because the metal layer is designed to be thick enough so tha ...
Optics and Quantum Electronics—J. G. Fujimoto, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, F. X. Kärtner
... sensitive nonlinear optical processes. To achieve this broadband emission directly from the laser precise dispersion compensation is indispensable. Double-chirped mirrors (DCMs) have recently emerged as a powerful technology that permits intracavity dispersion management [1-6]. Using a combination o ...
... sensitive nonlinear optical processes. To achieve this broadband emission directly from the laser precise dispersion compensation is indispensable. Double-chirped mirrors (DCMs) have recently emerged as a powerful technology that permits intracavity dispersion management [1-6]. Using a combination o ...
Experiments with Diffraction
... The slit should be very thin at the top and wider at the bottom. (see above right) 4. Stand the CD case upright, and using a laser, shine it through the slit so that the diffracted pattern can be seen on a wall, black board or screen behind the CD Case. Watch how the pattern changes in width as you ...
... The slit should be very thin at the top and wider at the bottom. (see above right) 4. Stand the CD case upright, and using a laser, shine it through the slit so that the diffracted pattern can be seen on a wall, black board or screen behind the CD Case. Watch how the pattern changes in width as you ...
Modeling and Simulation of Photoemission Based Electron Sources
... photocathode 1.6-cell copper rf photogun of PITZ and compared with measurements [2, 3, 8]. Figure 2 shows the dynamic Schottky-like modulation of the cathode QE on the right axis (blue curve) in comparison to the case without Schottky effect (dashed grey curve). Accordingly, time-dependent QE-induce ...
... photocathode 1.6-cell copper rf photogun of PITZ and compared with measurements [2, 3, 8]. Figure 2 shows the dynamic Schottky-like modulation of the cathode QE on the right axis (blue curve) in comparison to the case without Schottky effect (dashed grey curve). Accordingly, time-dependent QE-induce ...
Interferometric measurement of the resonant absorption and
... economically feasible to bring these tools into the undergraduate laboratory,1–4 and TeachSpin5 has recently introduced a laser system designed specifically for physics teaching. Saturated-absorption spectroscopy is the standard undergraduate lab experiment using tunable diode lasers, but many other ...
... economically feasible to bring these tools into the undergraduate laboratory,1–4 and TeachSpin5 has recently introduced a laser system designed specifically for physics teaching. Saturated-absorption spectroscopy is the standard undergraduate lab experiment using tunable diode lasers, but many other ...
Generating Single Photons on Demand I Vladan Vuletic
... (see Figure 2), the grating will wash out and collective emission will not occur. Thus the entangled many-body state has a finite lifetime that depends on the temperature of the atoms and the chosen beam geometry. The single photon must be generated within a certain time after the source has been arm ...
... (see Figure 2), the grating will wash out and collective emission will not occur. Thus the entangled many-body state has a finite lifetime that depends on the temperature of the atoms and the chosen beam geometry. The single photon must be generated within a certain time after the source has been arm ...
High-resolution optical spectroscopy with a buffer-gas
... molecules at a range of buffer gas flow rates. Each distribution is normalized to its peak value. The total molecule number does not significantly vary in this range of flow rates. Velocity distributions above ∼ 250 m/s (dashed line) are slightly less reliable due to a moderate sensitivity on specif ...
... molecules at a range of buffer gas flow rates. Each distribution is normalized to its peak value. The total molecule number does not significantly vary in this range of flow rates. Velocity distributions above ∼ 250 m/s (dashed line) are slightly less reliable due to a moderate sensitivity on specif ...
Coherent learning control of vibrational motion in room temperature molecular gases
... The dierences between the two curves for enhancing the vibrations and the two curves for suppressing the vibrations illustrate the ability of the cost function to help isolate the important features in the optimized pulses ± a large or small value in the spectrum of I t at 23.25 THz in this case. ...
... The dierences between the two curves for enhancing the vibrations and the two curves for suppressing the vibrations illustrate the ability of the cost function to help isolate the important features in the optimized pulses ± a large or small value in the spectrum of I t at 23.25 THz in this case. ...
Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term ""laser"" originated as an acronym for ""light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation"". The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light coherently. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser pointers. Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to emit light with a very narrow spectrum, i.e., they can emit a single color of light. Temporal coherence can be used to produce pulses of light as short as a femtosecond.Among their many applications, lasers are used in optical disk drives, laser printers, and barcode scanners; fiber-optic and free-space optical communication; laser surgery and skin treatments; cutting and welding materials; military and law enforcement devices for marking targets and measuring range and speed; and laser lighting displays in entertainment.