Chirped amplitude modulation ladar for range and
... collimated beam divergence of 20.7 rad to one matching the full-frame receiver's maximum FOV of 7.56 mrad. When collimated, the beam expansion ratio is set by the ratio of the telescopes focal length (1016 mm) to the transmitter focusing lens focal length (16 mm) and is 63.5 X. Thus, the output bea ...
... collimated beam divergence of 20.7 rad to one matching the full-frame receiver's maximum FOV of 7.56 mrad. When collimated, the beam expansion ratio is set by the ratio of the telescopes focal length (1016 mm) to the transmitter focusing lens focal length (16 mm) and is 63.5 X. Thus, the output bea ...
Optical pumping of a lithium atomic beam for atom interferometry
... pumping scheme and they are destroyed by precession at the hyperfine frequencies; • the Zeeman coherence terms vanish exactly when the excitation beams have a pure σ + polarization and they are weak in the presence of a weak admixture of σ − polarization. These terms are destroyed by precession at t ...
... pumping scheme and they are destroyed by precession at the hyperfine frequencies; • the Zeeman coherence terms vanish exactly when the excitation beams have a pure σ + polarization and they are weak in the presence of a weak admixture of σ − polarization. These terms are destroyed by precession at t ...
Michelson Interferometer
... their celebrated series of experiments designed to demonstrate the existence of the ether. It is still an important instrument in today's laboratories and it is being widely used as an instrument for measuring the wavelength of an unknown light source, to measure extremely small distance and for inv ...
... their celebrated series of experiments designed to demonstrate the existence of the ether. It is still an important instrument in today's laboratories and it is being widely used as an instrument for measuring the wavelength of an unknown light source, to measure extremely small distance and for inv ...
PDF
... of the incoming light beam on a pixel-by-pixel basis by modulating it according to the holographic pattern supplied by the computer. This modulated light beam is imaged at the back aperture of the microscope objective acting as a Fourier transform lens. Each pixel on the SLM can spatially modulate t ...
... of the incoming light beam on a pixel-by-pixel basis by modulating it according to the holographic pattern supplied by the computer. This modulated light beam is imaged at the back aperture of the microscope objective acting as a Fourier transform lens. Each pixel on the SLM can spatially modulate t ...
The Fabry-Pérot Interferometer
... where m is an integral number called order of interference. Equation (6) means that the optical path of a slightly inclined beam between the mirrors is a multiple of half the wavelength. So there is resonance in the peaks of the Airy distribution. Therefore, the Fabry-Pérot interferometer is also c ...
... where m is an integral number called order of interference. Equation (6) means that the optical path of a slightly inclined beam between the mirrors is a multiple of half the wavelength. So there is resonance in the peaks of the Airy distribution. Therefore, the Fabry-Pérot interferometer is also c ...
Evidence of photon acceleration by laser wake fields
... shift of the entire spectrum over a distance of up to 40 nm,23,27 which is completely absent from the observations in Fig. 2. Second, the intensity of the blueshifted radiation should increase with increasing plasma density in the case of an ionization front, while in our observations it stays const ...
... shift of the entire spectrum over a distance of up to 40 nm,23,27 which is completely absent from the observations in Fig. 2. Second, the intensity of the blueshifted radiation should increase with increasing plasma density in the case of an ionization front, while in our observations it stays const ...
Résumé
... the imaging system and therefore the resolution. Several ways to overcome these problems have been proposed; two main methods aiming at keeping a good optical resolution are actively developed. The first one uses pre-compensation of the wavefront before propagation, to improve the resolution. This t ...
... the imaging system and therefore the resolution. Several ways to overcome these problems have been proposed; two main methods aiming at keeping a good optical resolution are actively developed. The first one uses pre-compensation of the wavefront before propagation, to improve the resolution. This t ...
Attosecond pulses at kiloelectronvolt photon energies
... and brilliant x rays above an inner-shell absorption edge is examined. A tightly bound inner-shell electron is transferred into the continuum. Then, nir light takes over and drives the liberated electron through the continuum until it eventually returns to the cation leading in some cases to recombi ...
... and brilliant x rays above an inner-shell absorption edge is examined. A tightly bound inner-shell electron is transferred into the continuum. Then, nir light takes over and drives the liberated electron through the continuum until it eventually returns to the cation leading in some cases to recombi ...
Excitation of Rydberg states in rubidium with near infrared diode lasers
... observe the Stark splitting in the presence of a dc electric field. Grating feedback can reduce the output bandwidth of external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) to the kilohertz range, and conventional locking techniques can ensure frequency stabilization to sub-megahertz levels [23]. Advances in mount ...
... observe the Stark splitting in the presence of a dc electric field. Grating feedback can reduce the output bandwidth of external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) to the kilohertz range, and conventional locking techniques can ensure frequency stabilization to sub-megahertz levels [23]. Advances in mount ...
Effect of input pulse chirp on nonlinear energy deposition and
... many applications ranging from micromachining of glasses [1–3] and medical laser surgery [4–7] to bubble formation [8,9] and sound-wave generation for oceanography [8,10,11]. The initial stage of laser energy deposition consists in the generation of a localized weakly ionized plasma with typical den ...
... many applications ranging from micromachining of glasses [1–3] and medical laser surgery [4–7] to bubble formation [8,9] and sound-wave generation for oceanography [8,10,11]. The initial stage of laser energy deposition consists in the generation of a localized weakly ionized plasma with typical den ...
Nonlinear photoacoustic spectroscopy of hemoglobin
... linearly from 4.0 to 5.5 ns. The ultrasonic and optic coupling cube is made of a BK7 glass prism joined with a rhomboidal prism, with a layer of index-matching liquid between them. A sealed stainless steel sample cell with 10 mm inner diameter is attached to the rhomboidal prism. One milliliter of o ...
... linearly from 4.0 to 5.5 ns. The ultrasonic and optic coupling cube is made of a BK7 glass prism joined with a rhomboidal prism, with a layer of index-matching liquid between them. A sealed stainless steel sample cell with 10 mm inner diameter is attached to the rhomboidal prism. One milliliter of o ...
8. LASER COOLING AND TRAPPING OF NEUTRAL ATOMS 8.1
... Two methods have been used to generate the required frequency chirp = vi A. A traveling-wave electro-optic modulator [35] can be used to produce swept in time, or the frequency of a diode may be ramped using the injection current [38]. Also, fis an over simple single-frequency chirp cooling, it is p ...
... Two methods have been used to generate the required frequency chirp = vi A. A traveling-wave electro-optic modulator [35] can be used to produce swept in time, or the frequency of a diode may be ramped using the injection current [38]. Also, fis an over simple single-frequency chirp cooling, it is p ...
Construction of a 408 nm Laser System for Use in Ion Interferometry
... and trap the atoms. It selectively traps only the 87 Sr isotope of strontium. The trap consists of 6 red-detuned laser beams originating from the 460.8 nm laser system described in Ref. [1]. These point from each of six orthogonal directions towards the center of the MOT. The dominant cooling effect ...
... and trap the atoms. It selectively traps only the 87 Sr isotope of strontium. The trap consists of 6 red-detuned laser beams originating from the 460.8 nm laser system described in Ref. [1]. These point from each of six orthogonal directions towards the center of the MOT. The dominant cooling effect ...
effect of electron-electron correlation on the nonsequential
... The quality of a laser beam has been a topic of interest to both designers and users of optical systems. Different aspects of beam quality may have higher priority in various optical systems. Lorentzian is one of the mathematical models suitable for different beam shapes. In the general case, the el ...
... The quality of a laser beam has been a topic of interest to both designers and users of optical systems. Different aspects of beam quality may have higher priority in various optical systems. Lorentzian is one of the mathematical models suitable for different beam shapes. In the general case, the el ...
The lion-msc document class - Leiden Institute of Physics
... the probability to generate four photons in the same mode via two independent spontaneous processes. For a multi-mode situation, the relative importance of the stimulated emission process is given by a “visibility” χ that ranges from 0 to 1. The distinction between two independent pairs and four-pho ...
... the probability to generate four photons in the same mode via two independent spontaneous processes. For a multi-mode situation, the relative importance of the stimulated emission process is given by a “visibility” χ that ranges from 0 to 1. The distinction between two independent pairs and four-pho ...
Building a Helium — Neon Gas Laser Lab Manual Figure 1
... transition and emit a photon. If there were more atoms in the excited state than in the ground state (a population inversion), the overall probability of stimulated emission would be higher. The gain medium (helium-neon gas in this lab) creates this population inversion so that the initial photons s ...
... transition and emit a photon. If there were more atoms in the excited state than in the ground state (a population inversion), the overall probability of stimulated emission would be higher. The gain medium (helium-neon gas in this lab) creates this population inversion so that the initial photons s ...
Bright source of cold ions for surface-electrode traps
... to 5 s without laser cooling. Laser cooling of 174Yb+ has also been observed, while cooling of the odd isotope 171Yb+ would require an additional laser frequency for hyperfine repumping. The uv light scattered by the ions is collected with an aspheric lens 共numerical aperture⫽0.4兲 placed inside the ...
... to 5 s without laser cooling. Laser cooling of 174Yb+ has also been observed, while cooling of the odd isotope 171Yb+ would require an additional laser frequency for hyperfine repumping. The uv light scattered by the ions is collected with an aspheric lens 共numerical aperture⫽0.4兲 placed inside the ...
Optical Damage Limits to Pulse Energy From Fibers - AS
... but this is sufficiently slow for the electron avalanche to respond to the peak irradiance. If the peak irradiance exceeds the damage threshold of approximately 5 kW/µm2 , it will cause damage. In addition, the Stokes wave can assist in the self-focusing process via cross-phase modulation, which is ...
... but this is sufficiently slow for the electron avalanche to respond to the peak irradiance. If the peak irradiance exceeds the damage threshold of approximately 5 kW/µm2 , it will cause damage. In addition, the Stokes wave can assist in the self-focusing process via cross-phase modulation, which is ...
Conference title, upper and lower case, bolded, 18 point type
... Stokes pulse with a threshold condition of signal amplitude >20 mV on the oscilloscope, and the noise floor is ±5 mV. Fig. 2(a) shows that the experimental results agree well with the calculated curves, which implies that the SRS in our experiments operates at the transient state due to the sub-nano ...
... Stokes pulse with a threshold condition of signal amplitude >20 mV on the oscilloscope, and the noise floor is ±5 mV. Fig. 2(a) shows that the experimental results agree well with the calculated curves, which implies that the SRS in our experiments operates at the transient state due to the sub-nano ...
Quantum Optics and Photonics
... quencies and required power levels are also within the range of diode lasers for this rubidium system, potentially allowing inexpensive and practical systems in the future. While this scheme is much simpler than the one employed in sodium, it is still necessary to introduce a detuning (typically 80 ...
... quencies and required power levels are also within the range of diode lasers for this rubidium system, potentially allowing inexpensive and practical systems in the future. While this scheme is much simpler than the one employed in sodium, it is still necessary to introduce a detuning (typically 80 ...
Generation of a dark hollow beam by a four
... research hot points in atom optics. In particular, the atomic guide with a blue-detuned dark hollow beam (DHB) was proposed [3] and studied both theoretically [4-5] and experimentally[6]. Since laser guiding technique of cold atoms using the DHBs has many advantages [7], such as a smaller dark spot ...
... research hot points in atom optics. In particular, the atomic guide with a blue-detuned dark hollow beam (DHB) was proposed [3] and studied both theoretically [4-5] and experimentally[6]. Since laser guiding technique of cold atoms using the DHBs has many advantages [7], such as a smaller dark spot ...
Optical bistability in a Vertical-Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
... Optical bistability in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) has been studied extensively in view of the potential applications in optical logic and all-optical signal processing [1,2]. Optical bistability refers to the situation in which two stable optical output states are associated with a sing ...
... Optical bistability in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) has been studied extensively in view of the potential applications in optical logic and all-optical signal processing [1,2]. Optical bistability refers to the situation in which two stable optical output states are associated with a sing ...
LD Didactic (LEYBOLD) Scientific Teaching Manual
... and the state 4F5/2, which can be pumped from 5 subs-tates. In principle an atom may have any number of energy lev- Since the wavelength of the pump-light source (diode laels, but they must be discrete. The transitions between the ser) can vary within low limits, a total of three to four tranindivid ...
... and the state 4F5/2, which can be pumped from 5 subs-tates. In principle an atom may have any number of energy lev- Since the wavelength of the pump-light source (diode laels, but they must be discrete. The transitions between the ser) can vary within low limits, a total of three to four tranindivid ...
Quantum treatment of two-stage sub
... significant simplifying of (5), at that the dependence f on z vanishes (see section III B). Our semiclassical calculations [54] have been done beyond many widely used approximations (for instance, slow atoms and weak field approximations). As it has been shown the minimum kinetic energy achievable i ...
... significant simplifying of (5), at that the dependence f on z vanishes (see section III B). Our semiclassical calculations [54] have been done beyond many widely used approximations (for instance, slow atoms and weak field approximations). As it has been shown the minimum kinetic energy achievable i ...
Dynamic holography in a broad-area optically pumped vertical GaAs microcavity
... conditions in which they compensate for vibrations, speckle, and scattered light. The diffraction efficiency of photorefractive quantum wells is fundamentally limited to only several percent, even when one is using microcavity enhancements,15 because the PRQW’s rely intrinsically on an absorptive op ...
... conditions in which they compensate for vibrations, speckle, and scattered light. The diffraction efficiency of photorefractive quantum wells is fundamentally limited to only several percent, even when one is using microcavity enhancements,15 because the PRQW’s rely intrinsically on an absorptive op ...
Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term ""laser"" originated as an acronym for ""light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation"". The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light coherently. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser pointers. Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to emit light with a very narrow spectrum, i.e., they can emit a single color of light. Temporal coherence can be used to produce pulses of light as short as a femtosecond.Among their many applications, lasers are used in optical disk drives, laser printers, and barcode scanners; fiber-optic and free-space optical communication; laser surgery and skin treatments; cutting and welding materials; military and law enforcement devices for marking targets and measuring range and speed; and laser lighting displays in entertainment.