A Maximum-Likelihood Approach to Modeling Multisensory
... constantly discriminate between signals relevant for action planning (targets) and signals that need no immediate response (distractors). Separate sensory channels process stimuli by modality, but an individual must determine which stimuli are related to one another, i.e., it is must construct a per ...
... constantly discriminate between signals relevant for action planning (targets) and signals that need no immediate response (distractors). Separate sensory channels process stimuli by modality, but an individual must determine which stimuli are related to one another, i.e., it is must construct a per ...
Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
... Multisensory interactions have been widely reported in primary auditory, visual and somatosensory cortices. How do these interactions operate? Several lines of evidence indicate that these effects predominantly reflect an interaction of a driving input (i.e., one that causes local cortical neurons t ...
... Multisensory interactions have been widely reported in primary auditory, visual and somatosensory cortices. How do these interactions operate? Several lines of evidence indicate that these effects predominantly reflect an interaction of a driving input (i.e., one that causes local cortical neurons t ...
The role of early visual cortex in visual integration: a neural model of
... Furthermore, as V1 is an area where all the information is implicitly available in retinotopic coordinates, it naturally provides a spatially registered common forum for all the higher order perceptual inferences to come back together. Thus, it could play the role of facilitating the integration of ...
... Furthermore, as V1 is an area where all the information is implicitly available in retinotopic coordinates, it naturally provides a spatially registered common forum for all the higher order perceptual inferences to come back together. Thus, it could play the role of facilitating the integration of ...
Neural correlates of decision processes
... Second, a series of studies has investigated how the time of target selection during visual search by neurons in the FEF relates to RT [23,37]. If the target was easily discriminated from distractors, the time taken for most, but not all, visually responsive neurons to represent its location in the ...
... Second, a series of studies has investigated how the time of target selection during visual search by neurons in the FEF relates to RT [23,37]. If the target was easily discriminated from distractors, the time taken for most, but not all, visually responsive neurons to represent its location in the ...
Visual Fields
... Visual fields are an important test of the visual system. They allow us to determine the health of the ocular system including the eye, visual pathways and visual cortex. We will explore visual fields as an important tool for eye care practitioners in assessing the health of the visual system. We wi ...
... Visual fields are an important test of the visual system. They allow us to determine the health of the ocular system including the eye, visual pathways and visual cortex. We will explore visual fields as an important tool for eye care practitioners in assessing the health of the visual system. We wi ...
Superior Colliculus and Visual Spatial Attention
... 2004, Fecteau et al. 2004). These results support the view that activity in the SC reflects both the stimulus-driven and top-down factors that regulate spatial attention and saccade selection (Fecteau & Munoz 2006). Although SC activity may have been restricted to spatial attention associated with ey ...
... 2004, Fecteau et al. 2004). These results support the view that activity in the SC reflects both the stimulus-driven and top-down factors that regulate spatial attention and saccade selection (Fecteau & Munoz 2006). Although SC activity may have been restricted to spatial attention associated with ey ...
Gestalt Issues in Modern Neuroscience
... about the world (Metzger 1953). The second mode reflects a modifying influence of the visual input by higher-order cognitive factors such as Einstellung (set) and selective attention. The third mode was anticipated with remarkable foresight by Max Wertheimer in 1912, when he attributed apparent moti ...
... about the world (Metzger 1953). The second mode reflects a modifying influence of the visual input by higher-order cognitive factors such as Einstellung (set) and selective attention. The third mode was anticipated with remarkable foresight by Max Wertheimer in 1912, when he attributed apparent moti ...
Preattentive Filling-in of Visual Surfaces in Parietal Extinction
... relative magnitude of V.R.’s visual extinction for the two display types shown above (21). (C) Results for inner (A) and outer (B) displays in experiment 1, giving the percentage of correct left-sided detections on unilateral left and bilateral trials. V.R. detected significantly more left segments ...
... relative magnitude of V.R.’s visual extinction for the two display types shown above (21). (C) Results for inner (A) and outer (B) displays in experiment 1, giving the percentage of correct left-sided detections on unilateral left and bilateral trials. V.R. detected significantly more left segments ...
GABA-antagonist inverts movement and object detection in flies
... fly is able to control its visual surrounding by the difference o l its wingbeat amplitudes. The histograms in a and b show the position of an object (20" black stripe) relative to the tly for successive periods of 2.5 min. Before injection the most frequent position of the object is in front o f th ...
... fly is able to control its visual surrounding by the difference o l its wingbeat amplitudes. The histograms in a and b show the position of an object (20" black stripe) relative to the tly for successive periods of 2.5 min. Before injection the most frequent position of the object is in front o f th ...
Investigating neural correlates of conscious perception by frequency
... FIG. 1. (Upper Left) High-resolution power-frequency spectra for steady-state evoked potentials recorded over an anterior channel (128) and over a posterior channel (103) during rivalry trials (subject O.S.). Note the sharp peak at 7.41 Hz (f1), the flicker frequency of s1, as well as at 8.33 Hz (f2 ...
... FIG. 1. (Upper Left) High-resolution power-frequency spectra for steady-state evoked potentials recorded over an anterior channel (128) and over a posterior channel (103) during rivalry trials (subject O.S.). Note the sharp peak at 7.41 Hz (f1), the flicker frequency of s1, as well as at 8.33 Hz (f2 ...
Sparse coding in the primate cortex
... record a set of neurons simultaneously across which sparseness could be measured. Techniques, such as optical recording and multiple electrode recording, may eventually yield data on the density of coding, but there are presently formidable technical difficulties to overcome. We have more informatio ...
... record a set of neurons simultaneously across which sparseness could be measured. Techniques, such as optical recording and multiple electrode recording, may eventually yield data on the density of coding, but there are presently formidable technical difficulties to overcome. We have more informatio ...
Feedforward, horizontal, and feedback processing
... are more than mere RF ‘surrounds’ [28], and may be neural correlates of perceptual phenomena. Modulations of response strength in V1 have been shown to correlate with perceptual ‘pop-out’ [29,30], perceived brightness [31], perceptual grouping of line segments [32], and figure–ground segregation for ...
... are more than mere RF ‘surrounds’ [28], and may be neural correlates of perceptual phenomena. Modulations of response strength in V1 have been shown to correlate with perceptual ‘pop-out’ [29,30], perceived brightness [31], perceptual grouping of line segments [32], and figure–ground segregation for ...
Can neuroscience reveal the true nature of consciousness?
... Response properties of neurons along this hierarchy have mainly been studied using isolated stimuli. But natural scenes typically contain many objects. In that case, competition between these stimuli arises16,17 , such that not all stimuli reach into the highest levels of this hierarchy; only a few ...
... Response properties of neurons along this hierarchy have mainly been studied using isolated stimuli. But natural scenes typically contain many objects. In that case, competition between these stimuli arises16,17 , such that not all stimuli reach into the highest levels of this hierarchy; only a few ...
The Integrative Role of Posterior Parietal Cortex and related Clinical S
... as a whole, what results in perception and recognition of only parts of that field. It is one of the three components of the Balint’s Syndrome (a complex disturb of the spatial analysis – figure 1). The other two components of this syndrome are: the optics ataxia (a disturb of the act to point a tar ...
... as a whole, what results in perception and recognition of only parts of that field. It is one of the three components of the Balint’s Syndrome (a complex disturb of the spatial analysis – figure 1). The other two components of this syndrome are: the optics ataxia (a disturb of the act to point a tar ...
Human brain spots emotion in non humanoid
... been found in response to positive as well as negative eliciting stimuli (Batty and Taylor, 2003; Brosch et al., 2008). The P1 visual component has a field distribution compatible with activation of occipital, visual brain areas, and may be due to several striate and extrastriate generators within t ...
... been found in response to positive as well as negative eliciting stimuli (Batty and Taylor, 2003; Brosch et al., 2008). The P1 visual component has a field distribution compatible with activation of occipital, visual brain areas, and may be due to several striate and extrastriate generators within t ...
(2006) Changes in visual receptive fields with microstimulation of
... effect of attention on V4 neurons, namely that attention alters responses to pairs of RF stimuli in favor of the selected stimulus (Moran and Desimone, 1985; Reynolds et al., 1999). Therefore, we tested the effect of FEF microstimulation on V4 responses to pairs of simultaneously presented RF stimul ...
... effect of attention on V4 neurons, namely that attention alters responses to pairs of RF stimuli in favor of the selected stimulus (Moran and Desimone, 1985; Reynolds et al., 1999). Therefore, we tested the effect of FEF microstimulation on V4 responses to pairs of simultaneously presented RF stimul ...
reviews - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... present at the locations visited by observers while freeviewing images50,51. For instance, Zetzsche et al.50,52 showed using an eye-tracking device how the eyes preferentially fixate regions with multiple superimposed orientations such as corners, and derived nonlinear operators that specifically de ...
... present at the locations visited by observers while freeviewing images50,51. For instance, Zetzsche et al.50,52 showed using an eye-tracking device how the eyes preferentially fixate regions with multiple superimposed orientations such as corners, and derived nonlinear operators that specifically de ...
Optional extra slides on the Binding Problem
... for processing? More research is needed….. One problem: timing codes highly sensitive to noise (O’Reilly and Munakata, 2000; Mazurek and Shadlen, 2000). ...
... for processing? More research is needed….. One problem: timing codes highly sensitive to noise (O’Reilly and Munakata, 2000; Mazurek and Shadlen, 2000). ...
Science - Princeton University
... of firing to the best stimulus. In some cases, whether the unit's firing was increased or decreased depended on the particular stimulus, its location, orientation, and direction of movement. Although none of the units sampled responded vigorously to diffuse light stimulation, in about half of them p ...
... of firing to the best stimulus. In some cases, whether the unit's firing was increased or decreased depended on the particular stimulus, its location, orientation, and direction of movement. Although none of the units sampled responded vigorously to diffuse light stimulation, in about half of them p ...
Lateral Geniculate nucleus
... has a representation of the contralateral visual hemifield. The foveal region is mapped in its most posterior part, whereas the more peripheral regions are mapped in progressively more anterior parts. The upper visual field is mapped below the calcarine fissure, the lower visual field above. ...
... has a representation of the contralateral visual hemifield. The foveal region is mapped in its most posterior part, whereas the more peripheral regions are mapped in progressively more anterior parts. The upper visual field is mapped below the calcarine fissure, the lower visual field above. ...
An oscillation-based model for the neuronal basis
... region of the pulvinar (Robinson & Petersen, 1992); there is also evidence for multiple or distributed maps (Desimone, Wessinger, Thomas & Schneider, 1989). In the present work, we assume that salient objects have been selected in the visual field by such a mechanism. How can such a signal now be us ...
... region of the pulvinar (Robinson & Petersen, 1992); there is also evidence for multiple or distributed maps (Desimone, Wessinger, Thomas & Schneider, 1989). In the present work, we assume that salient objects have been selected in the visual field by such a mechanism. How can such a signal now be us ...
Attention as a decision in information space
... whether, in addition to responding to salient visual stimuli, LIP is also important for effortful, top-down attention [4,27]. To examine top-down attention we trained monkeys on a task in which the relevant cue (an ‘E’-like shape) was not physically conspicuous but appeared in the visual periphery a ...
... whether, in addition to responding to salient visual stimuli, LIP is also important for effortful, top-down attention [4,27]. To examine top-down attention we trained monkeys on a task in which the relevant cue (an ‘E’-like shape) was not physically conspicuous but appeared in the visual periphery a ...
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 6 Visually Guided Actions
... the same length. If using the dorsal stream is subject to perspective S tream is not subject to perspective stream, you were to throw a dart at illusions. Notice that the bottom yellow illusions. Notice that the length of the the right most edge of this bar, your yellow lines is actually the same. Y ...
... the same length. If using the dorsal stream is subject to perspective S tream is not subject to perspective stream, you were to throw a dart at illusions. Notice that the bottom yellow illusions. Notice that the length of the the right most edge of this bar, your yellow lines is actually the same. Y ...
Attention
... Teaching Suggestion: Using Figure 21.8, explain how we are able to pay attention to particular visual features such as color and this attention can enhance performance. Describe the PET imaging experiments done to study brain activity in humans performing a same– different discrimination task. Using ...
... Teaching Suggestion: Using Figure 21.8, explain how we are able to pay attention to particular visual features such as color and this attention can enhance performance. Describe the PET imaging experiments done to study brain activity in humans performing a same– different discrimination task. Using ...
Visual N1
The visual N1 is a visual evoked potential, a type of event-related electrical potential (ERP), that is produced in the brain and recorded on the scalp. The N1 is so named to reflect the polarity and typical timing of the component. The ""N"" indicates that the polarity of the component is negative with respect to an average mastoid reference. The ""1"" originally indicated that it was the first negative-going component, but it now better indexes the typical peak of this component, which is around 150 to 200 milliseconds post-stimulus. The N1 deflection may be detected at most recording sites, including the occipital, parietal, central, and frontal electrode sites. Although, the visual N1 is widely distributed over the entire scalp, it peaks earlier over frontal than posterior regions of the scalp, suggestive of distinct neural and/or cognitive correlates. The N1 is elicited by visual stimuli, and is part of the visual evoked potential – a series of voltage deflections observed in response to visual onsets, offsets, and changes. Both the right and left hemispheres generate an N1, but the laterality of the N1 depends on whether a stimulus is presented centrally, laterally, or bilaterally. When a stimulus is presented centrally, the N1 is bilateral. When presented laterally, the N1 is larger, earlier, and contralateral to the visual field of the stimulus. When two visual stimuli are presented, one in each visual field, the N1 is bilateral. In the latter case, the N1’s asymmetrical skewedness is modulated by attention. Additionally, its amplitude is influenced by selective attention, and thus it has been used to study a variety of attentional processes.