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Global habitat suitability of coldwater octocorals
... Octocorallia are the most diverse group of corals, with over 3000 described species (Cairns, 2007). Approximately 75% of octocorals are found in waters deeper than 50 m, a lower proportion than azooxanthellate Scleractinia (87%; Roberts et al., 2009). Cold-water octocorals are not reef-forming but t ...
... Octocorallia are the most diverse group of corals, with over 3000 described species (Cairns, 2007). Approximately 75% of octocorals are found in waters deeper than 50 m, a lower proportion than azooxanthellate Scleractinia (87%; Roberts et al., 2009). Cold-water octocorals are not reef-forming but t ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 6 Subject to Final Copyedit 1
... Climate change alters physical, chemical, and biological properties of the ocean (very high confidence). Oceanic drivers include salinity, circulation, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nutrients, and light. These drivers shape the physiological performance of individual cells and orga ...
... Climate change alters physical, chemical, and biological properties of the ocean (very high confidence). Oceanic drivers include salinity, circulation, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nutrients, and light. These drivers shape the physiological performance of individual cells and orga ...
Sustainable Use of Our Oceans – Making Ideas Work
... founded by Professor Elisabeth Mann Borgese in 1972. It consists of a network of operational centres located all over the world. Its headquarters are in Malta. The IOI advocates the peaceful and sustainable use of the oceans. ...
... founded by Professor Elisabeth Mann Borgese in 1972. It consists of a network of operational centres located all over the world. Its headquarters are in Malta. The IOI advocates the peaceful and sustainable use of the oceans. ...
Final SAP English 13..
... region and is clearly linked to healthy marine environments, accounting for approximately 30-50% of GDP in island states such as Mauritius and Seychelles. Overall species composition is enormously rich, exceeding 11,000 species of plants and animals, 60-70% of which are found only in the Indo-Pacifi ...
... region and is clearly linked to healthy marine environments, accounting for approximately 30-50% of GDP in island states such as Mauritius and Seychelles. Overall species composition is enormously rich, exceeding 11,000 species of plants and animals, 60-70% of which are found only in the Indo-Pacifi ...
Final SAP English 13..
... region and is clearly linked to healthy marine environments, accounting for approximately 30-50% of GDP in island states such as Mauritius and Seychelles. Overall species composition is enormously rich, exceeding 11,000 species of plants and animals, 60-70% of which are found only in the Indo-Pacifi ...
... region and is clearly linked to healthy marine environments, accounting for approximately 30-50% of GDP in island states such as Mauritius and Seychelles. Overall species composition is enormously rich, exceeding 11,000 species of plants and animals, 60-70% of which are found only in the Indo-Pacifi ...
Dinitrogen fixation in aphotic oxygenated marine environments
... (Eastern Mediterranean Sea, EMS) and the Gulf of Aqaba (northern Red Sea, GA), primary production in surface waters is limited at times by nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or co-limited by both (Paytan et al., 2009; Krom et al., 2010; Tanaka et al., 2011). Denitrification in subsurface waters is absent ...
... (Eastern Mediterranean Sea, EMS) and the Gulf of Aqaba (northern Red Sea, GA), primary production in surface waters is limited at times by nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or co-limited by both (Paytan et al., 2009; Krom et al., 2010; Tanaka et al., 2011). Denitrification in subsurface waters is absent ...
Salinity
... eruptions from diatomaceous sediments off the Namibian coast, and generated by high rates of phytoplankton growth in the Benguela Current upwelling zone, eventually falling to the seafloor. Bacteria-like Archaea surprised marine microbiologists by their survival and thriving in extreme environments, ...
... eruptions from diatomaceous sediments off the Namibian coast, and generated by high rates of phytoplankton growth in the Benguela Current upwelling zone, eventually falling to the seafloor. Bacteria-like Archaea surprised marine microbiologists by their survival and thriving in extreme environments, ...
Ocean Storage of CO2
... Marchetti, who suggested dissolving CO2 into the outflow from the Mediterranean Sea. Because this water is saltier than average seawater, the higher density would cause the CO2 to sink into the depths of the Atlantic Ocean (Marchetti 1977). As illustrated in Figure 3, a number of options have been c ...
... Marchetti, who suggested dissolving CO2 into the outflow from the Mediterranean Sea. Because this water is saltier than average seawater, the higher density would cause the CO2 to sink into the depths of the Atlantic Ocean (Marchetti 1977). As illustrated in Figure 3, a number of options have been c ...
Race Rocks (XwaYeN) Proposed Marine Protected Area Ecosystem
... abalone population around William Head is also disappearing (COSEWIC 2009). However, density transects were not completed at this site. While the cause of this population decrease may be the result of poaching, this is likely not the case due to the prison’s access restrictions. For this particular ...
... abalone population around William Head is also disappearing (COSEWIC 2009). However, density transects were not completed at this site. While the cause of this population decrease may be the result of poaching, this is likely not the case due to the prison’s access restrictions. For this particular ...
Ocean Policy Review and Outlook
... recommendations of the ocean commissions and the President’s response, Congress may consider comprehensive bills encompassing a broad array of cross-cutting concerns, including federal organization and administrative structure, regional approaches to ecosystem management, and funding strategies. On ...
... recommendations of the ocean commissions and the President’s response, Congress may consider comprehensive bills encompassing a broad array of cross-cutting concerns, including federal organization and administrative structure, regional approaches to ecosystem management, and funding strategies. On ...
Full text in pdf format
... dissolved DMSP (DMSPd)concentrations are relatively low in nature (mean of ca 14 nM for the global ocean, Kettle et al. 1999) and very high affinities for DMSP are often measured (Ledyard & Dacey 1996a, Kiene et al. 1998), Km values for DMSP cleavage in the micromolar range are also commonly reporte ...
... dissolved DMSP (DMSPd)concentrations are relatively low in nature (mean of ca 14 nM for the global ocean, Kettle et al. 1999) and very high affinities for DMSP are often measured (Ledyard & Dacey 1996a, Kiene et al. 1998), Km values for DMSP cleavage in the micromolar range are also commonly reporte ...
Biological Oceanography Committee - North Pacific Marine Science
... 2016 before ISB-2016. WG 28 had no requests for funding, meetings, or sessions. WG 28 supports the proposal by Dr. Jameal Samhouri et al. for the establishment of a Study Group on Ecosystem Reference Points as a Common Currency across PICES Member Countries. Working Group 29 on Regional Climate Mode ...
... 2016 before ISB-2016. WG 28 had no requests for funding, meetings, or sessions. WG 28 supports the proposal by Dr. Jameal Samhouri et al. for the establishment of a Study Group on Ecosystem Reference Points as a Common Currency across PICES Member Countries. Working Group 29 on Regional Climate Mode ...
An Indian Ocean Observing Strategy
... regional or even global in distribution. Their trans-national nature becomes even more striking when several nations share common sea areas, as in the Mediterranean or the North Sea. Oceanic and coastal circulations also actively transport pollutants across geopolitical boundaries, with sources and ...
... regional or even global in distribution. Their trans-national nature becomes even more striking when several nations share common sea areas, as in the Mediterranean or the North Sea. Oceanic and coastal circulations also actively transport pollutants across geopolitical boundaries, with sources and ...
Marine Science - Wageningen UR E-depot
... Fishing is one of the important anthropogenic activities affecting marine ecosystems (Jennings and Kaiser, 1998; Halpern et al., 2008), with continental shelf areas, in particular, being heavily exploited by bottom trawls towed over the seabed. Benthic ecosystems on the continental shelf provide imp ...
... Fishing is one of the important anthropogenic activities affecting marine ecosystems (Jennings and Kaiser, 1998; Halpern et al., 2008), with continental shelf areas, in particular, being heavily exploited by bottom trawls towed over the seabed. Benthic ecosystems on the continental shelf provide imp ...
IOC Draft Medium-term Strategy, 2008-2013
... Ocean Sciences, by contributing to build scientific capabilities at the individual, institutional and national level in the developing world, especially in Africa, in line with UNESCO’s priorities. 23. Ocean observations. IOC is the leading international organization in facilitating worldwide cooper ...
... Ocean Sciences, by contributing to build scientific capabilities at the individual, institutional and national level in the developing world, especially in Africa, in line with UNESCO’s priorities. 23. Ocean observations. IOC is the leading international organization in facilitating worldwide cooper ...
Post-glacial flooding of the Beringia Land Bridge dated to 11,000 cal
... ages are calibrated using the approach as for Core 2-PC1 described above. One of two dates at 417 cm depth is, however, clearly too old when compared to the other radiocarbon samples (Table 1; Fig. 3B). This date is considered to have been derived from a reworked shell and therefore treated as an ou ...
... ages are calibrated using the approach as for Core 2-PC1 described above. One of two dates at 417 cm depth is, however, clearly too old when compared to the other radiocarbon samples (Table 1; Fig. 3B). This date is considered to have been derived from a reworked shell and therefore treated as an ou ...
GEOTRACES National Reports - Scientific Committee on Oceanic
... in the Australian sector of the Southern Hemisphere has shown that variance in the observed fractional iron solubility is due to a combination of different soluble iron sources including mineral dust and biomass burning emissions. The research investigated differences in atmospheric iron solubility ...
... in the Australian sector of the Southern Hemisphere has shown that variance in the observed fractional iron solubility is due to a combination of different soluble iron sources including mineral dust and biomass burning emissions. The research investigated differences in atmospheric iron solubility ...
1_Activity_2_Sediments_blank
... to study marine sediments and the sea floor. The data it generated has greatly expanded the field of oceanography as well as our understanding of climate change, Earth history, marine resources, natural hazards, and the development and evolution of life. ODP began in 1985 as a US and international c ...
... to study marine sediments and the sea floor. The data it generated has greatly expanded the field of oceanography as well as our understanding of climate change, Earth history, marine resources, natural hazards, and the development and evolution of life. ODP began in 1985 as a US and international c ...
Expansion of oxygen minimum zones may reduce available habitat
... (Fig. 3b–f). Oxygen data shown in Fig. 3b–f are the local weighted mean, tri-cubed weights applied to match the season (120 days maximum radius), location (4◦ maximum latitudinal radius) and decade (20-yr maximum radius). A clear link between the oxygen distribution and the MDDs encountered was evid ...
... (Fig. 3b–f). Oxygen data shown in Fig. 3b–f are the local weighted mean, tri-cubed weights applied to match the season (120 days maximum radius), location (4◦ maximum latitudinal radius) and decade (20-yr maximum radius). A clear link between the oxygen distribution and the MDDs encountered was evid ...
Macrozoobenthos
... Coastal waters and transitional waters In Lower Saxony, 9 stations in the sublittoral, and 3 stations (plus 1 TMAP transect) in the eulittoral of the coastal waters are sampled once or twice a year as part of macrozoobenthos surveillance monitoring. In addition, sampling in transitional waters (see ...
... Coastal waters and transitional waters In Lower Saxony, 9 stations in the sublittoral, and 3 stations (plus 1 TMAP transect) in the eulittoral of the coastal waters are sampled once or twice a year as part of macrozoobenthos surveillance monitoring. In addition, sampling in transitional waters (see ...
ecosystem considerations
... to address these hypotheses: a simultaneous tracking study of spotted dolphins and yellowfin tuna, a trophic interactions study comparing their prey and daily foraging patterns, and a spatial study of oceanographic features correlated with the tuna dolphin association. These studies demonstrated th ...
... to address these hypotheses: a simultaneous tracking study of spotted dolphins and yellowfin tuna, a trophic interactions study comparing their prey and daily foraging patterns, and a spatial study of oceanographic features correlated with the tuna dolphin association. These studies demonstrated th ...
1 Lecture 12 - What Controls the Composition of River Water and
... of organic carbon also need to be considered as sources to river water composition. For some ions the atmosphere is a significant source. This is especially true for HCO3which comes from atmospheric CO2(g). Significant fluxes of Cl- and SO42- originate from the ocean as sea-salt aerosols, which are ...
... of organic carbon also need to be considered as sources to river water composition. For some ions the atmosphere is a significant source. This is especially true for HCO3which comes from atmospheric CO2(g). Significant fluxes of Cl- and SO42- originate from the ocean as sea-salt aerosols, which are ...
Redefining the Territorial Sea in the Clean Water Act
... Sea Grant Law and Policy Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Summer 2011) ...
... Sea Grant Law and Policy Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Summer 2011) ...
Benthic Exchange and Biogeochemical Cycling in Permeable
... and yearly timescales ( Jönsson et al. 2011), reflecting the dependency of shelf productivity on climate-related patterns, ocean circulation, and anthropogenic influences. Approximately 20% of global pelagic primary production takes place on the shelf ( Jahnke 2010), and because the average water dep ...
... and yearly timescales ( Jönsson et al. 2011), reflecting the dependency of shelf productivity on climate-related patterns, ocean circulation, and anthropogenic influences. Approximately 20% of global pelagic primary production takes place on the shelf ( Jahnke 2010), and because the average water dep ...
Chapter 16 - Marine Ecosystems
... n The ecological significance of nutrient cycles is usually greater than that of energy flow. Why? Nutrients are usually a limiting factor, whereas energy is usually not. Compare many warm, tropical marine ecosystems with cold, temperate marine ecosystems. Tropical ecosystems generally have more ...
... n The ecological significance of nutrient cycles is usually greater than that of energy flow. Why? Nutrients are usually a limiting factor, whereas energy is usually not. Compare many warm, tropical marine ecosystems with cold, temperate marine ecosystems. Tropical ecosystems generally have more ...
Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/North_Pacific_Subtropical_Convergence_Zone.jpg?width=300)
The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is the largest contiguous ecosystem on earth. In oceanography, a subtropical gyre is a ring-like system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere caused by the Coriolis Effect. They generally form in large open ocean areas that lie between land masses.The NPSG is the largest of the gyres as well as the largest ecosystem on our planet. Like other subtropical gyres, it has a high-pressure zone in its center. Circulation around the center is clockwise around this high-pressure zone. Subtropical gyres make up 40% of the Earth’s surface and play critical roles in carbon fixation and nutrient cycling. This particular gyre covers most of the Pacific Ocean and comprises four prevailing ocean currents: the North Pacific Current to the north, the California Current to the east, the North Equatorial Current to the south, and the Kuroshio Current to the west. Its large size and distance from shore has caused the NPSG to be poorly sampled and thus poorly understood.The life processes in open-ocean ecosystems are a sink for the atmosphere’s increasing CO2. Gyres make up a large proportion, approximately 75%, of what we refer to as the open ocean, or the area of the ocean that does not consist of coastal areas. They are considered oligotrophic, or nutrient poor because they are far from terrestrial runoff. These regions were once thought to be homogenous and static habitats. However, there is increasing evidence that the NPSG exhibits substantial physical, chemical, and biological variability on a variety of time scales. Specifically, the NPSG exhibits seasonal and interannual variations in primary productivity (simply defined as the production of new plant material), which is important for the uptake of CO2.The NPSG is not only a sink for CO2 in the atmosphere, but also other pollutants. As a direct result of this circular pattern, gyres act like giant whirlpools and become traps for anthropogenic pollutants, such as marine debris. The NPSG has become recognized for the large quantity of plastic debris floating just below the surface in the center of the gyre. This area has recently received a lot of media attention and is commonly referred to as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.