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The Australian Integrated Marine Observing System
... Given the extent and challenge of addressing the broad federal funds over 4 years were secured in 2009, as part range of marine issues in the Australian EEZ, IMOS is of the Education Investment Fund (EIF) Super Science considered only the beginning of the observing system Initiative to enhance the e ...
... Given the extent and challenge of addressing the broad federal funds over 4 years were secured in 2009, as part range of marine issues in the Australian EEZ, IMOS is of the Education Investment Fund (EIF) Super Science considered only the beginning of the observing system Initiative to enhance the e ...
on the edge of the abyss
... The deep ocean is no longer unspoiled wilderness. Improved technologies have allowed the expansion of some of our activities into the deep sea. By far the largest current threat is from destructive commercial fishing practices. Likened more to clear-cutting than fishing, destructive trawling in part ...
... The deep ocean is no longer unspoiled wilderness. Improved technologies have allowed the expansion of some of our activities into the deep sea. By far the largest current threat is from destructive commercial fishing practices. Likened more to clear-cutting than fishing, destructive trawling in part ...
Significance of the Maritimes Region Ecosystem
... While a diverse range of specific fisheries and habitat management options are available to manage human use of Canada‟s ocean resources, such as spatial and temporal closures and restrictions in intensity of human interventions in particular marine locations, the designation of a network of marine ...
... While a diverse range of specific fisheries and habitat management options are available to manage human use of Canada‟s ocean resources, such as spatial and temporal closures and restrictions in intensity of human interventions in particular marine locations, the designation of a network of marine ...
The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
... suggest there is a significant return on this investment across multiple sectors of the global economy. In the United States alone it is estimated that the improved El Niño forecasting supported by information from GOOS could be worth at least USD 100 million a year to the producers of staples such ...
... suggest there is a significant return on this investment across multiple sectors of the global economy. In the United States alone it is estimated that the improved El Niño forecasting supported by information from GOOS could be worth at least USD 100 million a year to the producers of staples such ...
Chapter 2 - Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
... airborne and satellite remote sensing were required to determine the nature of the seafloor. Acoustic sonar devices provide information to classify substratum types of the seafloor in deeper water (generally > 30 m). The initial development of sonar was triggered in 1912, by the loss of the Titanic, ...
... airborne and satellite remote sensing were required to determine the nature of the seafloor. Acoustic sonar devices provide information to classify substratum types of the seafloor in deeper water (generally > 30 m). The initial development of sonar was triggered in 1912, by the loss of the Titanic, ...
Aluminium in an ocean general circulation model compared with the
... License (CC BY-SA). This note overrides other licenses, giving you true freedom over this preprint. ...
... License (CC BY-SA). This note overrides other licenses, giving you true freedom over this preprint. ...
Theme Session T: Acoustic Seabed Classification – Applications in
... modify the propagation and scattering of sound. Shallow water littoral environments are often sufficiently well lit by sunlight to support diverse populations of benthic and epibenthic marine microalgae. Photosynthesis in marine algae produces oxygen. Oxygen saturation levels as high as 600% have be ...
... modify the propagation and scattering of sound. Shallow water littoral environments are often sufficiently well lit by sunlight to support diverse populations of benthic and epibenthic marine microalgae. Photosynthesis in marine algae produces oxygen. Oxygen saturation levels as high as 600% have be ...
Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global
... anthropogenic debris at sea would have been three to four orders of magnitude lower and restricted to much more degradable items. Some of the earliest accounts of plastic debris in the marine environment are of fragments and pellets ingested by seabirds in the 1960s (e.g. Kenyon & Kridler 1969; Harp ...
... anthropogenic debris at sea would have been three to four orders of magnitude lower and restricted to much more degradable items. Some of the earliest accounts of plastic debris in the marine environment are of fragments and pellets ingested by seabirds in the 1960s (e.g. Kenyon & Kridler 1969; Harp ...
MS-640 - senna.indd - Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia
... ly are collected by midwater trawls or baited traps (Bousfield, 1982; Barnard and Karaman, 1991). Stoddart and Lowry (2004) comment that the Eurytheneidae appear to be the sister taxon to the Hirondellea-group, in the most basal clade within the Lysianassoidea Dana, 1849, also with Opisidae Lowry an ...
... ly are collected by midwater trawls or baited traps (Bousfield, 1982; Barnard and Karaman, 1991). Stoddart and Lowry (2004) comment that the Eurytheneidae appear to be the sister taxon to the Hirondellea-group, in the most basal clade within the Lysianassoidea Dana, 1849, also with Opisidae Lowry an ...
ENSO and Short-Term Variability of the South Equatorial Current
... a reduced-gravity long Rossby wave model. Vigorous westward-propagating mesoscale eddies can yield substantial aliasing on individual ship or glider surveys. Since transport variability is surface intensified and well correlated with satellite-derived surface geostrophic currents, a simple index of ...
... a reduced-gravity long Rossby wave model. Vigorous westward-propagating mesoscale eddies can yield substantial aliasing on individual ship or glider surveys. Since transport variability is surface intensified and well correlated with satellite-derived surface geostrophic currents, a simple index of ...
DataStreme Atmosphere: - American Meteorological Society
... coupled atmosphere/ocean system. It is governed by the interaction of many factors, causing climate to differ from one place to another and to vary on time scales from seasons to millennia. The range of climate, including extremes, places limitations on living organisms and a region’s habitability. ...
... coupled atmosphere/ocean system. It is governed by the interaction of many factors, causing climate to differ from one place to another and to vary on time scales from seasons to millennia. The range of climate, including extremes, places limitations on living organisms and a region’s habitability. ...
Gulf of Maine Strategic Regional Ocean Science Plan
... level. In response to a call for regional coordination of research by the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy, the National Sea Grant College Program funded ten projects to develop regional ocean research plans, one of which was awarded to the Gulf of Maine region. A Gulf of Maine Regional Ocean Science ...
... level. In response to a call for regional coordination of research by the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy, the National Sea Grant College Program funded ten projects to develop regional ocean research plans, one of which was awarded to the Gulf of Maine region. A Gulf of Maine Regional Ocean Science ...
Oligotrophy and pelagic marine bacteria: facts and
... The marine system represezts 90% of the biosphere and brings about one-third of the world's primary production. Consequently, the ocean is often considered a marine desert. However, the biomass of the oceanic primary producers (phytoplankton) represents a very small fraction (0.05%) of their terrest ...
... The marine system represezts 90% of the biosphere and brings about one-third of the world's primary production. Consequently, the ocean is often considered a marine desert. However, the biomass of the oceanic primary producers (phytoplankton) represents a very small fraction (0.05%) of their terrest ...
Conserving California`s Vibrant Deep-Sea Ecosystems
... By virtue of our terrestrial nature, people are unfamiliar with the deep sea, and to many it is a terrifying thought to be in water where one can no longer touch the bottom. Thus it is no surprise that perhaps one of the most significant and underappreciated aspects of our oceans is that it is a sp ...
... By virtue of our terrestrial nature, people are unfamiliar with the deep sea, and to many it is a terrifying thought to be in water where one can no longer touch the bottom. Thus it is no surprise that perhaps one of the most significant and underappreciated aspects of our oceans is that it is a sp ...
Benthic Foraminiferal Biogeography: Controls on Global Distribution
... species are important constituents of the plankton, most are benthic. Foraminifera have an outstanding fossil record, and much of the research on them has been conducted by geologists who have described most of the known species. Estimates of the number of extant species range from ∼4,100 (Murray 20 ...
... species are important constituents of the plankton, most are benthic. Foraminifera have an outstanding fossil record, and much of the research on them has been conducted by geologists who have described most of the known species. Estimates of the number of extant species range from ∼4,100 (Murray 20 ...
Understanding Ocean Acidification Prior Knowledge Summary
... As the ocean water becomes less alkaline, there is a resulting decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available for many marine organisms to form their calcium carbonate hard parts. Coral polyps are less able to precipitate the mineral aragonite, which they use to build or rebuild their skeletons. ...
... As the ocean water becomes less alkaline, there is a resulting decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available for many marine organisms to form their calcium carbonate hard parts. Coral polyps are less able to precipitate the mineral aragonite, which they use to build or rebuild their skeletons. ...
Our World, Our Water - Pro Divers St Kitts
... nearly minus 37° C/100° F in Antarctica to well over 37° C/100° F in many parts of the world. Aquatic temperatures are much more constant because water remains liquid only within a relatively narrow range, and can absorb more heat than any other naturally occurring substances. These factors make aqu ...
... nearly minus 37° C/100° F in Antarctica to well over 37° C/100° F in many parts of the world. Aquatic temperatures are much more constant because water remains liquid only within a relatively narrow range, and can absorb more heat than any other naturally occurring substances. These factors make aqu ...
Our World, Our Water
... nearly minus 37° C/100° F in Antarctica to well over 37° C/100° F in many parts of the world. Aquatic temperatures are much more constant because water remains liquid only within a relatively narrow range, and can absorb more heat than any other naturally occurring substances. These factors make aqu ...
... nearly minus 37° C/100° F in Antarctica to well over 37° C/100° F in many parts of the world. Aquatic temperatures are much more constant because water remains liquid only within a relatively narrow range, and can absorb more heat than any other naturally occurring substances. These factors make aqu ...
The future of the oceans past - Philosophical Transactions of the
... Caribbean ecosystems owing to oceanographic changes associated with the rise of the Isthmus of Panama between 4 and 3 million years ago (Ma) and (ii) sudden and dramatic global changes in deep-sea communities, phytoplankton and coral reefs associated with the spike in ocean acidification during the ...
... Caribbean ecosystems owing to oceanographic changes associated with the rise of the Isthmus of Panama between 4 and 3 million years ago (Ma) and (ii) sudden and dramatic global changes in deep-sea communities, phytoplankton and coral reefs associated with the spike in ocean acidification during the ...
early spring phytoplankton dynamics in the subpolar north atlantic
... as importantly enhanced the 42 days spent at sea with their energy and enthusiasm. Recognition goes to Master of RV Meteor, M. Schneider and his crew for ensuring safe sailing in the late winter high seas of the North Atlantic, and for helping the scientific party achieve their mission. Thank you to ...
... as importantly enhanced the 42 days spent at sea with their energy and enthusiasm. Recognition goes to Master of RV Meteor, M. Schneider and his crew for ensuring safe sailing in the late winter high seas of the North Atlantic, and for helping the scientific party achieve their mission. Thank you to ...
Here - Centre for Ocean Life
... independent values: (i) The individual: identification and mechanistic description of the traits and trade-offs required to characterize the main Darwinian missions (i.e., to feed, survive and reproduce) of the main life forms in the ocean; (ii) Models: scaling of individual behavior to population a ...
... independent values: (i) The individual: identification and mechanistic description of the traits and trade-offs required to characterize the main Darwinian missions (i.e., to feed, survive and reproduce) of the main life forms in the ocean; (ii) Models: scaling of individual behavior to population a ...
Application of estuarine and coastal classifications in marine spatial
... activities, some of which can be classed as ecosystem-based, but all of which rely on spatially explicit information to support decision making. For example, marine zoning and comprehensive marine spatial planning (MSP) are a subset of the broader approach of marine spatial management (Box 1). In m ...
... activities, some of which can be classed as ecosystem-based, but all of which rely on spatially explicit information to support decision making. For example, marine zoning and comprehensive marine spatial planning (MSP) are a subset of the broader approach of marine spatial management (Box 1). In m ...
Reducing uncertainty and confronting ignorance about
... plastic debris, such as bottles and other plastic litter. Biofouling has been found to increase the effective density of floating microplastics, which is one of the mechanisms through which plastic debris with a density lower than that of seawater sinks and eventually is deposited on the seabed.27,28 ...
... plastic debris, such as bottles and other plastic litter. Biofouling has been found to increase the effective density of floating microplastics, which is one of the mechanisms through which plastic debris with a density lower than that of seawater sinks and eventually is deposited on the seabed.27,28 ...
Kiel: an excellent place for PhD research
... productivity but have chemical cycles in the oceans that are not well constrained. Particles play a key role in the cycles of many elements. In this project a comprehensive understanding of the distribution, sources, sinks and internal cycling of particulate micronutrient elements in the subtropical ...
... productivity but have chemical cycles in the oceans that are not well constrained. Particles play a key role in the cycles of many elements. In this project a comprehensive understanding of the distribution, sources, sinks and internal cycling of particulate micronutrient elements in the subtropical ...
IOC Regional Committee for the Southern Ocean (Sixth Session
... The following conclusions and recommendations were made by the Committee on the basis of the discussion and conclusions of the First Southern Ocean Forum. The Southern Ocean is unique in its physical and biological characteristics. Its study is of great importance for the understanding of the world’ ...
... The following conclusions and recommendations were made by the Committee on the basis of the discussion and conclusions of the First Southern Ocean Forum. The Southern Ocean is unique in its physical and biological characteristics. Its study is of great importance for the understanding of the world’ ...
Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/North_Pacific_Subtropical_Convergence_Zone.jpg?width=300)
The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is the largest contiguous ecosystem on earth. In oceanography, a subtropical gyre is a ring-like system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere caused by the Coriolis Effect. They generally form in large open ocean areas that lie between land masses.The NPSG is the largest of the gyres as well as the largest ecosystem on our planet. Like other subtropical gyres, it has a high-pressure zone in its center. Circulation around the center is clockwise around this high-pressure zone. Subtropical gyres make up 40% of the Earth’s surface and play critical roles in carbon fixation and nutrient cycling. This particular gyre covers most of the Pacific Ocean and comprises four prevailing ocean currents: the North Pacific Current to the north, the California Current to the east, the North Equatorial Current to the south, and the Kuroshio Current to the west. Its large size and distance from shore has caused the NPSG to be poorly sampled and thus poorly understood.The life processes in open-ocean ecosystems are a sink for the atmosphere’s increasing CO2. Gyres make up a large proportion, approximately 75%, of what we refer to as the open ocean, or the area of the ocean that does not consist of coastal areas. They are considered oligotrophic, or nutrient poor because they are far from terrestrial runoff. These regions were once thought to be homogenous and static habitats. However, there is increasing evidence that the NPSG exhibits substantial physical, chemical, and biological variability on a variety of time scales. Specifically, the NPSG exhibits seasonal and interannual variations in primary productivity (simply defined as the production of new plant material), which is important for the uptake of CO2.The NPSG is not only a sink for CO2 in the atmosphere, but also other pollutants. As a direct result of this circular pattern, gyres act like giant whirlpools and become traps for anthropogenic pollutants, such as marine debris. The NPSG has become recognized for the large quantity of plastic debris floating just below the surface in the center of the gyre. This area has recently received a lot of media attention and is commonly referred to as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.