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Electrodes for stimulation
Electrodes for stimulation

... During a heart attack, for instance, the heart may go into fibrillation where the electrical signals become confused and don not progress the heart in the correct order, thus not allowing the heart contract properly for pumping of blood. Then an external defibrillator may be used. The defibrillator ...
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... ¾ Some aspects of brain research that are interesting include: arousal & sleep; lateralization, language, & speech; emotions; memory & learning; and consciousness. ¾ An electroencephalogram records the different patterns in the electrical activity of the brain produced during sleep and arousal. ...
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... c. Improper wiring between the limbic system and what other area could cause someone to react very quickly and have anger issues or poor emotional control? ...
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... 8. large band of neural fibers that links the right and left hemispheres 11. glands that produce the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine 12. division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of internal organs 13. located at the back and base of the brain, these ...
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Introduction to Machine Intelligence
Introduction to Machine Intelligence

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Introduction to Machine Intelligence
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Neuroprosthetics

Neuroprosthetics (also called neural prosthetics) is a discipline related to neuroscience and biomedical engineering concerned with developing neural prostheses. They are sometimes contrasted with a brain–computer interface, which connects the brain to a computer rather than a device meant to replace missing biological functionality.Neural prostheses are a series of devices that can substitute a motor, sensory or cognitive modality that might have been damaged as a result of an injury or a disease. Cochlear implants provide an example of such devices. These devices substitute the functions performed by the ear drum and Stapes, while simulating the frequency analysis performed in the cochlea. A microphone on an external unit gathers the sound and processes it; the processed signal is then transferred to an implanted unit that stimulates the auditory nerve through a microelectrode array. Through the replacement or augmentation of damaged senses, these devices intend to improve the quality of life for those with disabilities.These implantable devices are also commonly used in animal experimentation as a tool to aid neuroscientists in developing a greater understanding of the brain and its functioning. In wirelessly monitoring the brain's electrical signals sent out by electrodes implanted in the subject's brain, the subject can be studied without the device affecting the results.Accurately probing and recording the electrical signals in the brain would help better understand the relationship among a local population of neurons that are responsible for a specific function. Neural implants are designed to be as small as possible in order to be to minimally invasive, particularly in areas surrounding the brain, eyes or cochlea. These implants typically communicate with their prosthetic counterparts wirelessly. Additionally, power is currently received through wireless power transmission through the skin. The tissue surrounding the implant is usually highly sensitive to temperature rise, meaning that power consumption must be minimal in order to prevent tissue damage.The neuroprosthetic currently undergoing the most widespread use is the cochlear implant, with approximately 100,000 in use worldwide as of 2006.
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