Externals Revision Answers File
... Acceleration of 9.995m/s2 is just over gravity of 9.8m/s2 so there will be just over 1g of acceleration and force. Thus the tension of the string must be able to take 41N which is just over the weight force of 4.1x9.8=40.18N. Otherwise the string will break and the 4.1kg mass will travel off at cons ...
... Acceleration of 9.995m/s2 is just over gravity of 9.8m/s2 so there will be just over 1g of acceleration and force. Thus the tension of the string must be able to take 41N which is just over the weight force of 4.1x9.8=40.18N. Otherwise the string will break and the 4.1kg mass will travel off at cons ...
Chapter 4 Polarization - University of Michigan
... Figure 4.3 Diagram for observing the polarization of sky light In the following experiment, let light from an incandescent lamp pass through water with a few drops of milk to scatter the light. If you look at the water through a linear polarizer, you can see that the light intensity varies as you tu ...
... Figure 4.3 Diagram for observing the polarization of sky light In the following experiment, let light from an incandescent lamp pass through water with a few drops of milk to scatter the light. If you look at the water through a linear polarizer, you can see that the light intensity varies as you tu ...
Partition effects in transverse electron-beam waves
... The propagation of signals along a beam with a fini te non-zero diameter can be described by means of the "disc" model of Gordon 4 ). According to this model the beam may be thought of as being made up of thin discs, each contained within two transverse cross-sections and having no coupling. The sig ...
... The propagation of signals along a beam with a fini te non-zero diameter can be described by means of the "disc" model of Gordon 4 ). According to this model the beam may be thought of as being made up of thin discs, each contained within two transverse cross-sections and having no coupling. The sig ...
Chapter 30 Maxwell`s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
... In laser cooling and trapping, the forces associated with radiation pressure are used to slow down atoms from thermal speeds of hundreds of meters per second at room temperature to speeds of a few meters per second or slower. An isolated atom will absorb only radiation of specific frequencies. If th ...
... In laser cooling and trapping, the forces associated with radiation pressure are used to slow down atoms from thermal speeds of hundreds of meters per second at room temperature to speeds of a few meters per second or slower. An isolated atom will absorb only radiation of specific frequencies. If th ...
On Designing NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder Space Telescope
... • My original question was “Why not work with circularly symmetric optics?” In this case, one could think of making a variable filter. That is, at point (x, y) have the filter transmit a fraction A(x, y) of the light. • Such a filter is called an apodization. • The answer is that apodizations are ha ...
... • My original question was “Why not work with circularly symmetric optics?” In this case, one could think of making a variable filter. That is, at point (x, y) have the filter transmit a fraction A(x, y) of the light. • Such a filter is called an apodization. • The answer is that apodizations are ha ...
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... In the next section, we develop a convenient way for keeping track of polarization in terms of a two-dimensional vector, called a Jones vector. In section 4.3, we introduce polarizing filters and demonstrate how their effect on a light field can be represented as a 2 ¥ 2 matrix operating on the pola ...
... In the next section, we develop a convenient way for keeping track of polarization in terms of a two-dimensional vector, called a Jones vector. In section 4.3, we introduce polarizing filters and demonstrate how their effect on a light field can be represented as a 2 ¥ 2 matrix operating on the pola ...
Chapter 11 The Uniform Plane Wave
... with time at some point, then H has curl at that point and thus can be considered as forming a small closed loop linking the changing E field. Also, if E is changing with time, then H will in general also change with time, although not necessarily in the same way. Next, we see from the second equati ...
... with time at some point, then H has curl at that point and thus can be considered as forming a small closed loop linking the changing E field. Also, if E is changing with time, then H will in general also change with time, although not necessarily in the same way. Next, we see from the second equati ...
labs for the photon/photon2 experiment kit
... wavelengths by the sun’s atmosphere. An excited gas at low pressure produces an emission spectrum, bright lines against a dark background. As pressure or temperature increases, the lines expand into wider bands. Solid objects produce a continuous spectrum with a wavelength distribution that depends ...
... wavelengths by the sun’s atmosphere. An excited gas at low pressure produces an emission spectrum, bright lines against a dark background. As pressure or temperature increases, the lines expand into wider bands. Solid objects produce a continuous spectrum with a wavelength distribution that depends ...
Parallel Electric Field of a Mirror Kinetic Alfvén Wave
... tric field of this wave exists only with a time varying field aligned current. Therefore, this wave is applicable to small scale, transient phenomena only. There are two types of so called “kinetic Alfvén wave” depending on the electron thermal speed. When the electron thermal speed is much higher ...
... tric field of this wave exists only with a time varying field aligned current. Therefore, this wave is applicable to small scale, transient phenomena only. There are two types of so called “kinetic Alfvén wave” depending on the electron thermal speed. When the electron thermal speed is much higher ...
Charge Density Waves
... width D at the Fermi wave vector kF (see also Figure 4-3). In the Peierls–Frhlich mechanism the charge density wave moves through the crystal lattice. From the previous section, we know that in a perfect crystal this sliding motion does not require energy (for the phason mode x = 0 at q = 0). Stric ...
... width D at the Fermi wave vector kF (see also Figure 4-3). In the Peierls–Frhlich mechanism the charge density wave moves through the crystal lattice. From the previous section, we know that in a perfect crystal this sliding motion does not require energy (for the phason mode x = 0 at q = 0). Stric ...
Interaction of a Charged Particle with Strong Plane Electromagnetic
... look aside from the actual intensity profiles of laser beams over space coordinates— deviation from a plane wave because of their finite sizes). Let us consider the case of a monochromatic wave. Without loss of generality we will direct vector ν 0 along the OX axis of a Cartesian coordinate system: ...
... look aside from the actual intensity profiles of laser beams over space coordinates— deviation from a plane wave because of their finite sizes). Let us consider the case of a monochromatic wave. Without loss of generality we will direct vector ν 0 along the OX axis of a Cartesian coordinate system: ...
Surface Waves
... There are many different types of surface wave and each can be defined by the guiding structure required. Two potential types of surface wave have been identified that may be useful for both civil and military applications, namely the Zenneck surface wave and the trapped surface wave. Zenneck Surfac ...
... There are many different types of surface wave and each can be defined by the guiding structure required. Two potential types of surface wave have been identified that may be useful for both civil and military applications, namely the Zenneck surface wave and the trapped surface wave. Zenneck Surfac ...
Chapter 3 Degenerate Four Wave Mixing
... computing. If the input intensity is a given value I ( with I I I ), there are two possible output intensities. This situation corresponds to storing binary information. If a pulse of light is sent through the device, the system can make a transition to the higher state. If the input ligh ...
... computing. If the input intensity is a given value I ( with I I I ), there are two possible output intensities. This situation corresponds to storing binary information. If a pulse of light is sent through the device, the system can make a transition to the higher state. If the input ligh ...
Photoionisation of Ca with a frequency
... tremendous prospects originating from quantum mechanics were Feynman [1] and Deutsch [2]. However, it took until the mid 1990s until the presentation of algorithms [3–7] based on quantum mechanics caused the idea of a quantum computer to be anything more than a curiosity. The formulation of the DiVi ...
... tremendous prospects originating from quantum mechanics were Feynman [1] and Deutsch [2]. However, it took until the mid 1990s until the presentation of algorithms [3–7] based on quantum mechanics caused the idea of a quantum computer to be anything more than a curiosity. The formulation of the DiVi ...
ELECTROSEISMIC WAVES FROM POINT SOURCES IN LAYERED
... When seismic waves propagate through a fluid saturated sedimentary material, the motion of the pore fluid to the solid matrix causes relative flow. The driving force for the relative flow is a combination of pressure gradients set up by the peaks and throughs of a compressional wave and by grain acc ...
... When seismic waves propagate through a fluid saturated sedimentary material, the motion of the pore fluid to the solid matrix causes relative flow. The driving force for the relative flow is a combination of pressure gradients set up by the peaks and throughs of a compressional wave and by grain acc ...
crowell_book.pdf
... on the right. If we now hit the mass with a hammer, (d), it oscillates as shown in the series of snapshots, (d)-(m). If we assume that the mass slides back and forth without friction and that the motion is one-dimensional, then conservation of energy proves that the motion must be repetitive. When t ...
... on the right. If we now hit the mass with a hammer, (d), it oscillates as shown in the series of snapshots, (d)-(m). If we assume that the mass slides back and forth without friction and that the motion is one-dimensional, then conservation of energy proves that the motion must be repetitive. When t ...
Generalized Classical Electrodynamics
... For vacuum (ρ = 0) the solution of these wave equations can be described as a longitudinal electro-scalar wave (LES wave), or Tesla wave. The energy flow of this wave is likely to be proportional to ES, similar to the Poynting vector E×B that represents the energy flow of TEM waves. This will be pro ...
... For vacuum (ρ = 0) the solution of these wave equations can be described as a longitudinal electro-scalar wave (LES wave), or Tesla wave. The energy flow of this wave is likely to be proportional to ES, similar to the Poynting vector E×B that represents the energy flow of TEM waves. This will be pro ...
Diffraction
Diffraction refers to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit. In classical physics, the diffraction phenomenon is described as the interference of waves according to the Huygens–Fresnel principle. These characteristic behaviors are exhibited when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit that is comparable in size to its wavelength. Similar effects occur when a light wave travels through a medium with a varying refractive index, or when a sound wave travels through a medium with varying acoustic impedance. Diffraction occurs with all waves, including sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves such as visible light, X-rays and radio waves.Since physical objects have wave-like properties (at the atomic level), diffraction also occurs with matter and can be studied according to the principles of quantum mechanics. Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word ""diffraction"" and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660.While diffraction occurs whenever propagating waves encounter such changes, its effects are generally most pronounced for waves whose wavelength is roughly comparable to the dimensions of the diffracting object or slit. If the obstructing object provides multiple, closely spaced openings, a complex pattern of varying intensity can result. This is due to the addition, or interference, of different parts of a wave that travels to the observer by different paths, where different path lengths result in different phases (see diffraction grating and wave superposition). The formalism of diffraction can also describe the way in which waves of finite extent propagate in free space. For example, the expanding profile of a laser beam, the beam shape of a radar antenna and the field of view of an ultrasonic transducer can all be analyzed using diffraction equations.