Light scattering at small angles by atmospheric irregular particles
... weakly dependent upon the particulates’ composition (Renard et al., 2010). Particles found in the atmosphere exhibit roughness that leads to large discrepancies with the classical Mie solution in terms of scattered intensities in the low angular set-up. This article focuses on building an effective ...
... weakly dependent upon the particulates’ composition (Renard et al., 2010). Particles found in the atmosphere exhibit roughness that leads to large discrepancies with the classical Mie solution in terms of scattered intensities in the low angular set-up. This article focuses on building an effective ...
Properties and sensing characteristics of surface
... ent prism materials, depending upon their refractive index n p . In this case, n p increased with a decrease in the resonant angle SPR . For example, in the gaseous medium the values of SPR were ⬃42°–46° for BK7 glass (1.5 ⬍ n p ⬍ 1.55), 35°–38° for SF11 glass (1.7 ⬍ n p ⬍ 1.8), and 16.5°–16.8° ...
... ent prism materials, depending upon their refractive index n p . In this case, n p increased with a decrease in the resonant angle SPR . For example, in the gaseous medium the values of SPR were ⬃42°–46° for BK7 glass (1.5 ⬍ n p ⬍ 1.55), 35°–38° for SF11 glass (1.7 ⬍ n p ⬍ 1.8), and 16.5°–16.8° ...
The Equation of Number the Total Internal of Reflection Angles
... and the cladding. This causes light rays to bend smoothly as they approach the cladding, rather than reflecting abruptly from the core-cladding boundary. The resulting curved paths reduce multi-path dispersion because high angle rays pass more through the lower-index periphery of the core, rather th ...
... and the cladding. This causes light rays to bend smoothly as they approach the cladding, rather than reflecting abruptly from the core-cladding boundary. The resulting curved paths reduce multi-path dispersion because high angle rays pass more through the lower-index periphery of the core, rather th ...
d - s3.amazonaws.com
... light bulb will emit light along the length of the filament. Light emitted at each end of the filament bears no phase relationship to the light emitted at the other. Most lasers are sources of very coherent light. They may have a phase relationship which extends both across the beam and along the be ...
... light bulb will emit light along the length of the filament. Light emitted at each end of the filament bears no phase relationship to the light emitted at the other. Most lasers are sources of very coherent light. They may have a phase relationship which extends both across the beam and along the be ...
Optical grating coupler biosensor and biomedical applications Lorena Diéguez Moure
... as well as novel coatings for commercial sensors with different sputtered and evaporated materials. These new sensors will allow quick quantitative studies of the adsorption of biomolecules onto their surfaces, to be used in calibration of other techniques. ...
... as well as novel coatings for commercial sensors with different sputtered and evaporated materials. These new sensors will allow quick quantitative studies of the adsorption of biomolecules onto their surfaces, to be used in calibration of other techniques. ...
Structural and optical properties of visible active
... 1020–1171 K, and, finally, tetragonal P4/nmm (a-WO3) to the melting point at 1700 K.22–26 The stability of each of these phases is modified by preparation procedures. For nanocrystalline thin films, the detailed growth conditions are critical, including type of substrate, temperature, and pressure. Apa ...
... 1020–1171 K, and, finally, tetragonal P4/nmm (a-WO3) to the melting point at 1700 K.22–26 The stability of each of these phases is modified by preparation procedures. For nanocrystalline thin films, the detailed growth conditions are critical, including type of substrate, temperature, and pressure. Apa ...
Optical interference component irradiances."
... We need to insert “compensator plate” C in arm OM1. Exact Duplicate of BS without the silver coating. Therefore, the difference in OPL is actual path length difference. 4) An additional phase term is present in the OM2 arm, due to an internal reflection in the BS, whereas the OM1 wave has an externa ...
... We need to insert “compensator plate” C in arm OM1. Exact Duplicate of BS without the silver coating. Therefore, the difference in OPL is actual path length difference. 4) An additional phase term is present in the OM2 arm, due to an internal reflection in the BS, whereas the OM1 wave has an externa ...
ChromatiC dispersion
... signals over long distances; also, a cancellation between dispersion and nonlinear effects leads to soliton waves. Dispersion is most often described for light waves, but it may occur for any kind of wave that interacts with a medium or passes through an inhomogeneous geometry (e.g. a waveguide), su ...
... signals over long distances; also, a cancellation between dispersion and nonlinear effects leads to soliton waves. Dispersion is most often described for light waves, but it may occur for any kind of wave that interacts with a medium or passes through an inhomogeneous geometry (e.g. a waveguide), su ...
Construction of a 408 nm Laser System for Use in Ion Interferometry
... and trap the atoms. It selectively traps only the 87 Sr isotope of strontium. The trap consists of 6 red-detuned laser beams originating from the 460.8 nm laser system described in Ref. [1]. These point from each of six orthogonal directions towards the center of the MOT. The dominant cooling effect ...
... and trap the atoms. It selectively traps only the 87 Sr isotope of strontium. The trap consists of 6 red-detuned laser beams originating from the 460.8 nm laser system described in Ref. [1]. These point from each of six orthogonal directions towards the center of the MOT. The dominant cooling effect ...
labs for the photon/photon2 experiment kit
... • Card mounted diffraction gratings Theoretical Overview: We can learn a lot about a light source by studying its spectrum. For example, the spectrum of the sun is composed of a complete “rainbow” crossed by dark lines due to absorption of certain wavelengths by the sun’s atmosphere. An excited gas ...
... • Card mounted diffraction gratings Theoretical Overview: We can learn a lot about a light source by studying its spectrum. For example, the spectrum of the sun is composed of a complete “rainbow” crossed by dark lines due to absorption of certain wavelengths by the sun’s atmosphere. An excited gas ...
Optical device having equal length waveguide paths
... Connect Article”); the Wavelength cross connects disclosed by C. R. Doerr and C. Dragone, in another article entitled “Proposed optical cross connect using a planar arrangement of beam steerers,” to appear in IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, February, 1999; and optical cross connects such as th ...
... Connect Article”); the Wavelength cross connects disclosed by C. R. Doerr and C. Dragone, in another article entitled “Proposed optical cross connect using a planar arrangement of beam steerers,” to appear in IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, February, 1999; and optical cross connects such as th ...
Precision interferometer
... source, their phases are highly correlated. When a lens is placed between the laser source and the Figure 2. Fringes beam-splitter, the light ray spreads out, and an interference pattern of dark and bright rings, or fringes, is seen on the viewing screen (Figure 2). Since the two interfering beams o ...
... source, their phases are highly correlated. When a lens is placed between the laser source and the Figure 2. Fringes beam-splitter, the light ray spreads out, and an interference pattern of dark and bright rings, or fringes, is seen on the viewing screen (Figure 2). Since the two interfering beams o ...
Broad Band Focusing and Demultiplexing of In-Plane Propagating Surface Plasmons Lin Li,
... on nonperiodic structures have been reported on the SPP focusing14 as well as the wavelength demultiplexing.15,16 However, these approaches severely depend on the coupling processes with the whole structure covered by out-plane incident light, which goes against a full manipulation of in-plane SPP a ...
... on nonperiodic structures have been reported on the SPP focusing14 as well as the wavelength demultiplexing.15,16 However, these approaches severely depend on the coupling processes with the whole structure covered by out-plane incident light, which goes against a full manipulation of in-plane SPP a ...
the Quantifying Scatter PDF
... Scatter signals can be easily quantified as scattered light power per unit solid angle (in watts per steradian); however, in order to make the results more meaningful, these signals are usually normalized, in some fashion, by the light incident on the scatter source. The three ways commonly employed ...
... Scatter signals can be easily quantified as scattered light power per unit solid angle (in watts per steradian); however, in order to make the results more meaningful, these signals are usually normalized, in some fashion, by the light incident on the scatter source. The three ways commonly employed ...
Lec03 - nptel
... whether a partial reflection at the core-cladding interface suffices the propagation of light along the fiber over long distances? The answer to this question is very clearly a no. The reason is that, at each reflection a part of the optical energy launched into the optical fiber would be lost and a ...
... whether a partial reflection at the core-cladding interface suffices the propagation of light along the fiber over long distances? The answer to this question is very clearly a no. The reason is that, at each reflection a part of the optical energy launched into the optical fiber would be lost and a ...
Assessing the Contributions of Surface Waves and Complex Rays to
... scattering angle. The far-field intensity produced by the surface waves joins smoothly with the far-field intensity produced by the geometrical light rays in the vicinity of the one-ray-zero-ray transition. This smooth intensity transition is known as the Fock transition.5 7" 8 A question of interes ...
... scattering angle. The far-field intensity produced by the surface waves joins smoothly with the far-field intensity produced by the geometrical light rays in the vicinity of the one-ray-zero-ray transition. This smooth intensity transition is known as the Fock transition.5 7" 8 A question of interes ...
Basic Principles and Applications of Holography
... patterns are formed—corresponding to each unique location of S versus S ′. Observing the pattern along the axial direction (line through S and S ′) reveals the concept of Michelson interferometry. Far above and below S and S ′, Young’s double-slit interference pattern is recreated. Changing the dist ...
... patterns are formed—corresponding to each unique location of S versus S ′. Observing the pattern along the axial direction (line through S and S ′) reveals the concept of Michelson interferometry. Far above and below S and S ′, Young’s double-slit interference pattern is recreated. Changing the dist ...
Liquid-crystal photonic applications
... the molecules tend to align their long axes in a common direction (denoted by the director L), as shown in Fig. 2(a). However, no long-range positional order of the molecules with respect to each other is present. The chiral nematic phase is very similar as for achiral mesogens, but the asymmetry of ...
... the molecules tend to align their long axes in a common direction (denoted by the director L), as shown in Fig. 2(a). However, no long-range positional order of the molecules with respect to each other is present. The chiral nematic phase is very similar as for achiral mesogens, but the asymmetry of ...
Chapter 33: DIFFRACTION
... electromagnetic waves superpose together (as vectors) • For two electromagnetic waves traveling in the x-direction, the resulting E-field is given by ...
... electromagnetic waves superpose together (as vectors) • For two electromagnetic waves traveling in the x-direction, the resulting E-field is given by ...
Optical coupling devices
... because the roof prism is tilted away from the normal. Useful devices may be made from these (any of The six possible spots are obtained by adding the 3 FIGS. 1-4 in some cases) using extra components. For example the use of a Fresnel bi-prism, 23 FIG. 5, close 5 vectors with any combination of sign ...
... because the roof prism is tilted away from the normal. Useful devices may be made from these (any of The six possible spots are obtained by adding the 3 FIGS. 1-4 in some cases) using extra components. For example the use of a Fresnel bi-prism, 23 FIG. 5, close 5 vectors with any combination of sign ...
A minimally invasive in-fibre Bragg grating sensor
... than gratings in non-birefringent fibres because they are typically constructed with stress ...
... than gratings in non-birefringent fibres because they are typically constructed with stress ...
Note
... The radii of the secondary wavelets are vt , where v is the speed of light in the medium. If the medium is inhomogeneous, then some wavelets expand faster than others, and the wave profile changes. c. Huygens’ construction The new wave front is constructed by drawing circles of radius vt , each ce ...
... The radii of the secondary wavelets are vt , where v is the speed of light in the medium. If the medium is inhomogeneous, then some wavelets expand faster than others, and the wave profile changes. c. Huygens’ construction The new wave front is constructed by drawing circles of radius vt , each ce ...
Experimental Realization of Two Decoupled Directional Couplers in a
... oscillates between waveguide 2 and 3 with virtually no leakage to the outer waveguides (1 and 4). In contrast, when light is injected into the outer waveguide (1), the far-field shows it exits the system only from waveguide 1. The NSOM measurement confirms the propagating light is localized in wavegui ...
... oscillates between waveguide 2 and 3 with virtually no leakage to the outer waveguides (1 and 4). In contrast, when light is injected into the outer waveguide (1), the far-field shows it exits the system only from waveguide 1. The NSOM measurement confirms the propagating light is localized in wavegui ...
“ waves, yielding a resultant irradiance that may deviate from the... component irradiances. r
... Let n1 = n2 = n (film is in a single medium) n < nf (e.g., soap film in Air) n > nf (e.g. Air film between sheets of glass) In either case, there will be a relative phase shift of π upon reflection. For incident angles up to ~30 ° (see Fig. 4.44), regardless of [E0r]⊥ or [E0r]|| we can expect that ...
... Let n1 = n2 = n (film is in a single medium) n < nf (e.g., soap film in Air) n > nf (e.g. Air film between sheets of glass) In either case, there will be a relative phase shift of π upon reflection. For incident angles up to ~30 ° (see Fig. 4.44), regardless of [E0r]⊥ or [E0r]|| we can expect that ...
Light beams with fractional orbital angular
... Optical vortices are phase singularities which are formed when light waves or beams are superposed [1]. In three dimensions these points of complete destructive interference trace out connected structures such as loops and knots [2, 3, 4]. The study of optical vortices is closely related to the fiel ...
... Optical vortices are phase singularities which are formed when light waves or beams are superposed [1]. In three dimensions these points of complete destructive interference trace out connected structures such as loops and knots [2, 3, 4]. The study of optical vortices is closely related to the fiel ...
Diffraction grating
In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical component with a periodic structure, which splits and diffracts light into several beams travelling in different directions. The emerging coloration is a form of structural coloration. The directions of these beams depend on the spacing of the grating and the wavelength of the light so that the grating acts as the dispersive element. Because of this, gratings are commonly used in monochromators and spectrometers.For practical applications, gratings generally have ridges or rulings on their surface rather than dark lines. Such gratings can be either transmissive or reflective. Gratings which modulate the phase rather than the amplitude of the incident light are also produced, frequently using holography.The principles of diffraction gratings were discovered by James Gregory, about a year after Newton's prism experiments, initially with items such as bird feathers. The first man-made diffraction grating was made around 1785 by Philadelphia inventor David Rittenhouse, who strung hairs between two finely threaded screws. This was similar to notable German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer's wire diffraction grating in 1821.Diffraction can create ""rainbow"" colors when illuminated by a wide spectrum (e.g., continuous) light source. The sparkling effects from the closely spaced narrow tracks on optical storage disks such as CD's or DVDs are an example, while the similar rainbow effects caused by thin layers of oil (or gasoline, etc.) on water are not caused by a grating, but rather by interference effects in reflections from the closely spaced transmissive layers (see Examples, below). A grating has parallel lines, while a CD has a spiral of finely-spaced data tracks. Diffraction colors also appear when one looks at a bright point source through a translucent fine-pitch umbrella-fabric covering. Decorative patterned plastic films based on reflective grating patches are very inexpensive, and are commonplace.