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Wavelength Division Multiplexing of a Fibre
... into the core of an optical fibre which consists of periodic regions of varying refractive index. When illuminated by a broadband wavelength source, the periodic regions cause the light to constructively and destructively interfere such that a narrow wavelength range, centered about a peak wavelengt ...
... into the core of an optical fibre which consists of periodic regions of varying refractive index. When illuminated by a broadband wavelength source, the periodic regions cause the light to constructively and destructively interfere such that a narrow wavelength range, centered about a peak wavelengt ...
Toward the development of a Three-Dimensional Mid–Field Microscope
... slightly improves the spatial resolution of conventional microscopy3 (a factor of 2 ). Near field microscopy4 improves the resolution much further and allows an optical resolution of ~50 nm in the plane and ~5 nm along the optical axis (perpendicular to the sample surface). This is achieved by a se ...
... slightly improves the spatial resolution of conventional microscopy3 (a factor of 2 ). Near field microscopy4 improves the resolution much further and allows an optical resolution of ~50 nm in the plane and ~5 nm along the optical axis (perpendicular to the sample surface). This is achieved by a se ...
Optical Analogues for Massless Dirac Particles and Conical
... relation) and zero diffraction (defined by the 2nd derivative). This is exactly what conical diffraction means. Note that due to this exceptional point, there is no gap between the minibands. For our experiments, we fabricated a waveguide array by employing the femtosecond direct-writing approach [2 ...
... relation) and zero diffraction (defined by the 2nd derivative). This is exactly what conical diffraction means. Note that due to this exceptional point, there is no gap between the minibands. For our experiments, we fabricated a waveguide array by employing the femtosecond direct-writing approach [2 ...
Wavelength measurements using prism spectroscopy (Spk)
... visible light with the help of a prism spectroscope. By measuring the wavelengths of the hydrogen lines, one shall determine one of the fundamental constants of nuclear physics, the so-called Rydberg constant R. The decomposition of light into its spectral colors inside of a prism is caused by dispe ...
... visible light with the help of a prism spectroscope. By measuring the wavelengths of the hydrogen lines, one shall determine one of the fundamental constants of nuclear physics, the so-called Rydberg constant R. The decomposition of light into its spectral colors inside of a prism is caused by dispe ...
GGN PUBLIC SCHOOL, LUDHIANA XII PHYSICS ASSIGNMENT
... 13. The total magnification produced by a compound microscope is 20, while that produced by the eyepiece alone is 5. when the microscope is focused on a certain object, the distance between objective and eyepiece is 14 cm. Find the focal length of objective and eyepiece, if distance of distinct visi ...
... 13. The total magnification produced by a compound microscope is 20, while that produced by the eyepiece alone is 5. when the microscope is focused on a certain object, the distance between objective and eyepiece is 14 cm. Find the focal length of objective and eyepiece, if distance of distinct visi ...
Info Note 804: UV-VIS Nomenclature and Units
... Samples for UV/Vis spectrophotometry are most often liquids, although the absorbance of gases and even of solids can also be measured. Samples are typically placed in a transparent cell, known as a cuvette. Cuvettes are typically rectangular in shape, commonly with an internal width of 1 cm. (This w ...
... Samples for UV/Vis spectrophotometry are most often liquids, although the absorbance of gases and even of solids can also be measured. Samples are typically placed in a transparent cell, known as a cuvette. Cuvettes are typically rectangular in shape, commonly with an internal width of 1 cm. (This w ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
... with binary data; an optical signal with positive GVD is assumed, although negative GVD may also be realized as discussed earlier. The appropriate pn code must now be impressed upon these data. One implementation involves placing a transmission-type mask between the grating pair and the feedback mir ...
... with binary data; an optical signal with positive GVD is assumed, although negative GVD may also be realized as discussed earlier. The appropriate pn code must now be impressed upon these data. One implementation involves placing a transmission-type mask between the grating pair and the feedback mir ...
Optical Sources
... – These compounds are used to grow a ternary compound that is lattice matched to a GaAs substrate (Al1-xGaxAs) – 0.87 < < 0.63 (m) Quaternary compound GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y is lattice matched to InP if y=2.2x – 1.0 < < 1.65 (m) Optical telecommunication laser compounds – In0.72Ga0.28As0.62P0.38 (=1 ...
... – These compounds are used to grow a ternary compound that is lattice matched to a GaAs substrate (Al1-xGaxAs) – 0.87 < < 0.63 (m) Quaternary compound GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y is lattice matched to InP if y=2.2x – 1.0 < < 1.65 (m) Optical telecommunication laser compounds – In0.72Ga0.28As0.62P0.38 (=1 ...
Materials and Waves
... There are several mathematical conventions that you will need to learn in order to answer some Mechanics questions. Resolution of Vectors It is often convenient to replace a single vector by two components mutually at right angles to each other (see later for ...
... There are several mathematical conventions that you will need to learn in order to answer some Mechanics questions. Resolution of Vectors It is often convenient to replace a single vector by two components mutually at right angles to each other (see later for ...
Hewitt/Lyons/Suchocki/Yeh, Conceptual Integrated Science
... a wedge of air between two glass plates © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... a wedge of air between two glass plates © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Total Reflection
... At the glass/air boundary of the flat surface, what happens will depend on the angle. Where θc is the critical angle measurement which is caused by the sun or a light source (measured normal to the surface): ...
... At the glass/air boundary of the flat surface, what happens will depend on the angle. Where θc is the critical angle measurement which is caused by the sun or a light source (measured normal to the surface): ...
Materialanalytik Praktikum Ellipsometry B508
... Figure 2: Reflectance R vs. incidence angle ρ for an air-GaAs interface. The reflectance R differs for the two polarizations. The angle characterized by the minimum in reflectance for Rp is called the “Brewster Angle”. 2.3. Principle of Ellipsometry In Fig. 3 the basic principle of ellipsometry is i ...
... Figure 2: Reflectance R vs. incidence angle ρ for an air-GaAs interface. The reflectance R differs for the two polarizations. The angle characterized by the minimum in reflectance for Rp is called the “Brewster Angle”. 2.3. Principle of Ellipsometry In Fig. 3 the basic principle of ellipsometry is i ...
Surface-plasmon-polariton-induced suppressed
... of the reciprocal lattice vector, G. In Fig. 2(b), one observes that cusps occur around 1013 nm, in the case of p ¼ 700 nm, the cusps being independent of the radii of the metal disks. Previous studies [6,13] have shown that the cusps are related to the threshold phenomenon associated with light dif ...
... of the reciprocal lattice vector, G. In Fig. 2(b), one observes that cusps occur around 1013 nm, in the case of p ¼ 700 nm, the cusps being independent of the radii of the metal disks. Previous studies [6,13] have shown that the cusps are related to the threshold phenomenon associated with light dif ...
Optical Fiber Sensors Guide
... laminates, etc.), remote sensing (oil wells, power cables, pipelines, space stations, etc.), smart structures (airplane wings, ship hulls, buildings, sports equipment, etc.), as well as traditional strain, pressure and temperature sensing. The main advantage of FBGs for sensing is that these devices ...
... laminates, etc.), remote sensing (oil wells, power cables, pipelines, space stations, etc.), smart structures (airplane wings, ship hulls, buildings, sports equipment, etc.), as well as traditional strain, pressure and temperature sensing. The main advantage of FBGs for sensing is that these devices ...
Flat Surface Testing
... A 1 meter diameter flat is being tested using a Ritchey Common test at an angle of incidence of 45°. A Frankenian widget is being used to measure the distance between the S and T foci and hence determine the radius of curvature of the so called flat. While we do not study Frankenian widgets in this ...
... A 1 meter diameter flat is being tested using a Ritchey Common test at an angle of incidence of 45°. A Frankenian widget is being used to measure the distance between the S and T foci and hence determine the radius of curvature of the so called flat. While we do not study Frankenian widgets in this ...
Experiment 3 1 The Michelson Interferometer and the He
... transmitted beam shown as (2) of equal intensity. The object L (either a lens or a screen) produces an extended source for certain applications. The reflected beam (1) will again be reflected at M1 ...
... transmitted beam shown as (2) of equal intensity. The object L (either a lens or a screen) produces an extended source for certain applications. The reflected beam (1) will again be reflected at M1 ...
P5G
... Light waves change speed when they pass across the boundary between two substances with different densities, such as air and glass. This causes them to change direction and this effect is called refraction. ...
... Light waves change speed when they pass across the boundary between two substances with different densities, such as air and glass. This causes them to change direction and this effect is called refraction. ...
Lecture 21 Wave Optics
... • The eye is filled with a clear, jellylike fluid called the aqueous humor and the vitreous humor. • The indices of refraction of the aqueous and vitreous humors are 1.34, only slightly different from water. • The lens has an average index of 1.44. • The pupil, a variable-diameter aperture in the ir ...
... • The eye is filled with a clear, jellylike fluid called the aqueous humor and the vitreous humor. • The indices of refraction of the aqueous and vitreous humors are 1.34, only slightly different from water. • The lens has an average index of 1.44. • The pupil, a variable-diameter aperture in the ir ...
Reflection, Refraction and the Prism
... of the path of light through any optical system. However, as seen in the chapter on Light, the Huygens wavefront construction can be become complicated, especially in systems with a large number of optical components. A simpler approach to track the behavior of light is based on the propagation of l ...
... of the path of light through any optical system. However, as seen in the chapter on Light, the Huygens wavefront construction can be become complicated, especially in systems with a large number of optical components. A simpler approach to track the behavior of light is based on the propagation of l ...
6th grade reflection lab final
... Activity 1: Transparent, Translucent, and Opaque Light Transmission 1. Turn the lights off in the classroom. Take each of the 10 filters and the microscope slide from the filter envelope. Hold each filter separately between a flashlight and another white sheet of paper. Decide if the filters are tra ...
... Activity 1: Transparent, Translucent, and Opaque Light Transmission 1. Turn the lights off in the classroom. Take each of the 10 filters and the microscope slide from the filter envelope. Hold each filter separately between a flashlight and another white sheet of paper. Decide if the filters are tra ...
Development of a New Optical Wavelength Rejection Filter
... not have sharp band edges and thus are not useful for efficiently separating wavelengths within 20-30 nm of each other. Multilayer dielectric filters can be obtained with narrow bandpasses of less than 7.5 nm and with Received 10 February 1984. Volume 38, Number 6, 1984 ...
... not have sharp band edges and thus are not useful for efficiently separating wavelengths within 20-30 nm of each other. Multilayer dielectric filters can be obtained with narrow bandpasses of less than 7.5 nm and with Received 10 February 1984. Volume 38, Number 6, 1984 ...
Wavefront shaping of infrared light through a subwavelength hole
... Light passing through a subwavelength hole in an opaque plate is a fundamental concern in both optical science and applications. Using both simulations and experiments, we show that, when a subwavelength hole in a silver thin film is surrounded by well-designed patterns of grooves, the wavefront of ...
... Light passing through a subwavelength hole in an opaque plate is a fundamental concern in both optical science and applications. Using both simulations and experiments, we show that, when a subwavelength hole in a silver thin film is surrounded by well-designed patterns of grooves, the wavefront of ...
Refractive Index Measurement Principle - K
... refractive index range can be measured, i.e., the critical angle is always within this selection. The measuring prism acts as the refractive index reference. The refractive index of the prism has to be higher than that of the medium under measurement, as otherwise there will be no total internal ref ...
... refractive index range can be measured, i.e., the critical angle is always within this selection. The measuring prism acts as the refractive index reference. The refractive index of the prism has to be higher than that of the medium under measurement, as otherwise there will be no total internal ref ...
Fluidic Optics - Whitesides Group
... unwanted scattering of light. In the devices we and others have fabricated, the thickness of PDMS for enclosure of microfluidic components is limited (usually < 1 cm), and thus scattering due to passage of light through PDMS does not cause significant loss during the coupling of light into and out o ...
... unwanted scattering of light. In the devices we and others have fabricated, the thickness of PDMS for enclosure of microfluidic components is limited (usually < 1 cm), and thus scattering due to passage of light through PDMS does not cause significant loss during the coupling of light into and out o ...
Diffraction grating
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diffraction_grating.jpg?width=300)
In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical component with a periodic structure, which splits and diffracts light into several beams travelling in different directions. The emerging coloration is a form of structural coloration. The directions of these beams depend on the spacing of the grating and the wavelength of the light so that the grating acts as the dispersive element. Because of this, gratings are commonly used in monochromators and spectrometers.For practical applications, gratings generally have ridges or rulings on their surface rather than dark lines. Such gratings can be either transmissive or reflective. Gratings which modulate the phase rather than the amplitude of the incident light are also produced, frequently using holography.The principles of diffraction gratings were discovered by James Gregory, about a year after Newton's prism experiments, initially with items such as bird feathers. The first man-made diffraction grating was made around 1785 by Philadelphia inventor David Rittenhouse, who strung hairs between two finely threaded screws. This was similar to notable German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer's wire diffraction grating in 1821.Diffraction can create ""rainbow"" colors when illuminated by a wide spectrum (e.g., continuous) light source. The sparkling effects from the closely spaced narrow tracks on optical storage disks such as CD's or DVDs are an example, while the similar rainbow effects caused by thin layers of oil (or gasoline, etc.) on water are not caused by a grating, but rather by interference effects in reflections from the closely spaced transmissive layers (see Examples, below). A grating has parallel lines, while a CD has a spiral of finely-spaced data tracks. Diffraction colors also appear when one looks at a bright point source through a translucent fine-pitch umbrella-fabric covering. Decorative patterned plastic films based on reflective grating patches are very inexpensive, and are commonplace.