Optics
... Remarks: (i) For image formation, it is not necessary that object should be present in front of mirror. (ii) It is not possible to locate an object by a single ray. It is for this reason that the surface of reflecting mirror is not visible to us. Any point like A on the surface sends only one ray A ...
... Remarks: (i) For image formation, it is not necessary that object should be present in front of mirror. (ii) It is not possible to locate an object by a single ray. It is for this reason that the surface of reflecting mirror is not visible to us. Any point like A on the surface sends only one ray A ...
SR Beamlines in the VUV
... Grazing incidence monochromators (A) Spherical grating monochromator (SGM) or Dragon C.T. Chen, NIM, A256, 595 (1987); C.T. Chen and F. Sette, RSI, 60, 1616 (1989). ...
... Grazing incidence monochromators (A) Spherical grating monochromator (SGM) or Dragon C.T. Chen, NIM, A256, 595 (1987); C.T. Chen and F. Sette, RSI, 60, 1616 (1989). ...
Diffraction
... facing the laser. Adjust the height of the spatial filter so that the beam passes through the center of the back iris. Fully open the iris and you should notice a back-reflection originating from the surface of the microscope objective in the spatial filter (at the laser). Line up the back reflectio ...
... facing the laser. Adjust the height of the spatial filter so that the beam passes through the center of the back iris. Fully open the iris and you should notice a back-reflection originating from the surface of the microscope objective in the spatial filter (at the laser). Line up the back reflectio ...
Characterisation of the Humidity and Temperature Responses of a
... The spatial frequency of the hologram was 5580 lines mm-1, corresponding to a grating period of approximately 180 nm. The temperature in this experiment was kept constant at 23º C. In Fig. 4 the spectral distribution of the diffracted light intensity, also known as the wavelength selectivity or Bra ...
... The spatial frequency of the hologram was 5580 lines mm-1, corresponding to a grating period of approximately 180 nm. The temperature in this experiment was kept constant at 23º C. In Fig. 4 the spectral distribution of the diffracted light intensity, also known as the wavelength selectivity or Bra ...
total internal reflection
... Total internal reflection can only occur on the side of an interface that has the greater index of refraction. Dr. Jie Zou ...
... Total internal reflection can only occur on the side of an interface that has the greater index of refraction. Dr. Jie Zou ...
Metastable optical gratings in compound semiconductors
... Volumetric optical data storage applications require nonlinear optical materials in which optical information can be stored semipermanently, and then reversibly erased. Multiple read-and-write memory materials, such as magnetic materials used in magnetic recording, rely on reversible transformations ...
... Volumetric optical data storage applications require nonlinear optical materials in which optical information can be stored semipermanently, and then reversibly erased. Multiple read-and-write memory materials, such as magnetic materials used in magnetic recording, rely on reversible transformations ...
LOC06f Diffraction of Light
... The lasers we are using are just powerful enough that if you took a shot directly in the eye, you could damage your vision. Thus, we should take a few simple precautions to prevent the unlikely event of eye damage. 1. Never look directly into the laser beam. Laser light has a high intensity and can ...
... The lasers we are using are just powerful enough that if you took a shot directly in the eye, you could damage your vision. Thus, we should take a few simple precautions to prevent the unlikely event of eye damage. 1. Never look directly into the laser beam. Laser light has a high intensity and can ...
Focal Point
... Explain: The light rays are all reflected to a bright point at what is called the “focal point” of the mirror. Move the mirror closer and farther from the slit to make the focus as bright and clear as possible. Ask: Look closely at the bending light rays and point out the different paths. What do yo ...
... Explain: The light rays are all reflected to a bright point at what is called the “focal point” of the mirror. Move the mirror closer and farther from the slit to make the focus as bright and clear as possible. Ask: Look closely at the bending light rays and point out the different paths. What do yo ...
Light Kit Student Concepts/Objectives per Lesson
... another depends on the composition of each material The angle and change in direction of light as it is refracted depends on the direction the light is travelling when passing from one transparent material into another 2. Kit Objectives for this lesson: Discuss how light interacts with different mat ...
... another depends on the composition of each material The angle and change in direction of light as it is refracted depends on the direction the light is travelling when passing from one transparent material into another 2. Kit Objectives for this lesson: Discuss how light interacts with different mat ...
Tabletop nanometer extreme ultraviolet imaging in an
... reconstruction, due to fewer overlapping scan positions in this region. With a larger scan, these artifacts will be completely eliminated for any structure of interest that is not near the edge of the scan range. Ptychography solves for the complex amplitudes of both the object and the probe (or inc ...
... reconstruction, due to fewer overlapping scan positions in this region. With a larger scan, these artifacts will be completely eliminated for any structure of interest that is not near the edge of the scan range. Ptychography solves for the complex amplitudes of both the object and the probe (or inc ...
A simple experiment on diffraction of light by interfering liquid
... waves with the naked eye. Sophisticated modern-day cameras can detect these small-wavelength waves, but such cameras are expensive and not readily available to undergraduates. To detect these waves, we need to find other ways, which also could provide valuable physical insight. Monochromatic laser l ...
... waves with the naked eye. Sophisticated modern-day cameras can detect these small-wavelength waves, but such cameras are expensive and not readily available to undergraduates. To detect these waves, we need to find other ways, which also could provide valuable physical insight. Monochromatic laser l ...
MEMS Tunable Silicon Fabry-Perot Cavity
... Figure 6 shows the reflection spectra of one fabricated Bragg reflector and of the corresponding simulation. The overall spectral behaviors are very similar. Since reflection losses were not considered in the simulations, the experimental data present higher reflection losses compared to simulations ...
... Figure 6 shows the reflection spectra of one fabricated Bragg reflector and of the corresponding simulation. The overall spectral behaviors are very similar. Since reflection losses were not considered in the simulations, the experimental data present higher reflection losses compared to simulations ...
Production of Linearly Polarized Brewster`s Law
... (iii) If plane polarised light is incident on the polarizer, the intensity of transmitted light varies from zero to a maximum value. Two positions of zero intensity and two positions of full intensity I occur in one complete rotation of the polarizer. (iv) When circularly polarised light is incident ...
... (iii) If plane polarised light is incident on the polarizer, the intensity of transmitted light varies from zero to a maximum value. Two positions of zero intensity and two positions of full intensity I occur in one complete rotation of the polarizer. (iv) When circularly polarised light is incident ...
The physics of the compact disc
... through the surface of the disc towards the information layer (figure I). This has the advantage that the beam will be relatively broad as it passes through the surface of the disc. Scratches or marks on the surface of the disc will be out of focus and, if they are not too wide, will allow enough li ...
... through the surface of the disc towards the information layer (figure I). This has the advantage that the beam will be relatively broad as it passes through the surface of the disc. Scratches or marks on the surface of the disc will be out of focus and, if they are not too wide, will allow enough li ...
Physics Tute Sheet-6 - College of Engineering Roorkee
... 4. An unpolarised beam of light is incident on a group of five polarizing sheets which are lined up in such away that the characteristic direction of a sheet is rotated through 20o with respect to the preceding one. What fraction of the incident light is transmitted? Ans. 0.304 5. Calculate the thic ...
... 4. An unpolarised beam of light is incident on a group of five polarizing sheets which are lined up in such away that the characteristic direction of a sheet is rotated through 20o with respect to the preceding one. What fraction of the incident light is transmitted? Ans. 0.304 5. Calculate the thic ...
Physical Optics
... Introduction and structure of the course. The study of light has been an important part of science from its beginning. The ancient Greeks and, prior to the Middle Ages, Islamic scholars provided important insights. With the coming of the Scientific Revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries, optics, ...
... Introduction and structure of the course. The study of light has been an important part of science from its beginning. The ancient Greeks and, prior to the Middle Ages, Islamic scholars provided important insights. With the coming of the Scientific Revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries, optics, ...
Basic Physical Optics
... This principle holds for water waves, mechanical waves on strings and on springs (the Slinky!), and for sound waves in gases, liquids and solids. Most important for us, it holds for all electromagnetic waves in free space. So, if we have two light waves passing through some common point P, where Wav ...
... This principle holds for water waves, mechanical waves on strings and on springs (the Slinky!), and for sound waves in gases, liquids and solids. Most important for us, it holds for all electromagnetic waves in free space. So, if we have two light waves passing through some common point P, where Wav ...
THE FRESNEL DIFFRACTION : A STORY OF LIGHT AND DARKNESS
... of all, instead of rays, they consider wavelets and wavefronts. A simple model for a wavefront is to consider the position where all rays originating from a coherent source have arrived at a given time. A point source irradiates a spherical wavefront, which merges with a plane wavefront for a far aw ...
... of all, instead of rays, they consider wavelets and wavefronts. A simple model for a wavefront is to consider the position where all rays originating from a coherent source have arrived at a given time. A point source irradiates a spherical wavefront, which merges with a plane wavefront for a far aw ...
Properties of Multilayer Optics
... refractive index felt by the total field. If the Bragg peak is placed near Brewster’s angle, only the s-component feels this electric field modulation and change in refractive index which causes a phase shift with respect to the p-component. The effect of this modulation in the transmission case (to ...
... refractive index felt by the total field. If the Bragg peak is placed near Brewster’s angle, only the s-component feels this electric field modulation and change in refractive index which causes a phase shift with respect to the p-component. The effect of this modulation in the transmission case (to ...
Devil physics The baddest class on campus IB Physics
... Optical Activity Angle of change is dependent on distance travelled through the material and light wavelength Angle of change can be determined by the angle of the second polarizer from 90 degrees to the point where light disappears ...
... Optical Activity Angle of change is dependent on distance travelled through the material and light wavelength Angle of change can be determined by the angle of the second polarizer from 90 degrees to the point where light disappears ...
Conroy2005-SurfaceMetrology.pdf
... method is totally non-contact. The measurement shown was carried out using a white light scanning (CCI) technique, which scans through the whole range of the sample in the vertical direction. Phase shifting interferometry is also often used to measure similar samples of this type, Figure 4 White lig ...
... method is totally non-contact. The measurement shown was carried out using a white light scanning (CCI) technique, which scans through the whole range of the sample in the vertical direction. Phase shifting interferometry is also often used to measure similar samples of this type, Figure 4 White lig ...
Electromagnetic Radiation
... not review the usage of rays in this chapter, we do point out that ray tracing is employed extensively for designing optical systems. Rays are related to waves in that they are perpendicular lines joining the wave fronts (see Figure 1.1). The wave fronts turn out to be the surfaces of constant phase ...
... not review the usage of rays in this chapter, we do point out that ray tracing is employed extensively for designing optical systems. Rays are related to waves in that they are perpendicular lines joining the wave fronts (see Figure 1.1). The wave fronts turn out to be the surfaces of constant phase ...
Exam 4-WWP
... 14. The human eye has a lens that can change its focal length. When is the focal length of the eye’s lens the largest? a. when the object is far away b. when the object is near c. when the eye is out of focus d. none of these 15. When two waves are offset by one-half of a wavelength, they experience ...
... 14. The human eye has a lens that can change its focal length. When is the focal length of the eye’s lens the largest? a. when the object is far away b. when the object is near c. when the eye is out of focus d. none of these 15. When two waves are offset by one-half of a wavelength, they experience ...
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... Linearly polarized light When a wave has only y-displacements (or z), we say it is linearly polarized in this direction. ...
... Linearly polarized light When a wave has only y-displacements (or z), we say it is linearly polarized in this direction. ...
Chapter 17 A modern optics laboratory for undergraduate students
... course covers advanced topics in optics and photonics for scientists (i.e. laser cooling, superluminal information, light-gravity interaction) and engineers (i.e. fiber optics, storage of information in a bulk of matter, transparency of dielectrics). The primary goal of this laboratory course is to ...
... course covers advanced topics in optics and photonics for scientists (i.e. laser cooling, superluminal information, light-gravity interaction) and engineers (i.e. fiber optics, storage of information in a bulk of matter, transparency of dielectrics). The primary goal of this laboratory course is to ...
Diffraction grating
In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical component with a periodic structure, which splits and diffracts light into several beams travelling in different directions. The emerging coloration is a form of structural coloration. The directions of these beams depend on the spacing of the grating and the wavelength of the light so that the grating acts as the dispersive element. Because of this, gratings are commonly used in monochromators and spectrometers.For practical applications, gratings generally have ridges or rulings on their surface rather than dark lines. Such gratings can be either transmissive or reflective. Gratings which modulate the phase rather than the amplitude of the incident light are also produced, frequently using holography.The principles of diffraction gratings were discovered by James Gregory, about a year after Newton's prism experiments, initially with items such as bird feathers. The first man-made diffraction grating was made around 1785 by Philadelphia inventor David Rittenhouse, who strung hairs between two finely threaded screws. This was similar to notable German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer's wire diffraction grating in 1821.Diffraction can create ""rainbow"" colors when illuminated by a wide spectrum (e.g., continuous) light source. The sparkling effects from the closely spaced narrow tracks on optical storage disks such as CD's or DVDs are an example, while the similar rainbow effects caused by thin layers of oil (or gasoline, etc.) on water are not caused by a grating, but rather by interference effects in reflections from the closely spaced transmissive layers (see Examples, below). A grating has parallel lines, while a CD has a spiral of finely-spaced data tracks. Diffraction colors also appear when one looks at a bright point source through a translucent fine-pitch umbrella-fabric covering. Decorative patterned plastic films based on reflective grating patches are very inexpensive, and are commonplace.