INTERFEROMETERS NOTE: Most mirrors in the apparatus are front
... (intermediate between those for maximum fringe visibility) the bright fringes of one pattern coincide with the dark fringes of the other and the resultant fringe pattern has rather low visibility. Thus on moving the mirror back slowly, successive positions of the mirror for about 12 of each of these ...
... (intermediate between those for maximum fringe visibility) the bright fringes of one pattern coincide with the dark fringes of the other and the resultant fringe pattern has rather low visibility. Thus on moving the mirror back slowly, successive positions of the mirror for about 12 of each of these ...
Observation of Cooper minimum in Krypton using high harmonic
... source for spectral broadening of the initial OPA spectrum. After the fibre, the pulse duration is roughly that of the input pulse but its spectrum is significantly broadened. Collimation of the continuum is achieved with a mirror of 1 m focal length. Self-steepening causes the spectral phase to bec ...
... source for spectral broadening of the initial OPA spectrum. After the fibre, the pulse duration is roughly that of the input pulse but its spectrum is significantly broadened. Collimation of the continuum is achieved with a mirror of 1 m focal length. Self-steepening causes the spectral phase to bec ...
Holographic Optical Beam-Steering (HOBS)
... The technology of optical beam-steering has an expansive list of applications including laser radar, infrared scanning, and data communication. Lasers can be used as a medium to communicate data through free space, a science called Free-Space Laser Communication (lasercom). Lasercom is superior to o ...
... The technology of optical beam-steering has an expansive list of applications including laser radar, infrared scanning, and data communication. Lasers can be used as a medium to communicate data through free space, a science called Free-Space Laser Communication (lasercom). Lasercom is superior to o ...
materials in modern communications systems
... Fresnel regime Assume the mask and the resist are separated by some small distance “g” Assume a plane wave is incident on the mask Because of diffraction, light is bent away for the aperture edges The effect is shown in the next slide Note the small maximum at the edge; this results from constructiv ...
... Fresnel regime Assume the mask and the resist are separated by some small distance “g” Assume a plane wave is incident on the mask Because of diffraction, light is bent away for the aperture edges The effect is shown in the next slide Note the small maximum at the edge; this results from constructiv ...
Generation and application of a high-average- power polarized soft-x-ray laser beam
... an oblique incidence multilayer mirror was used as a polarizer.6 A different approach in which the output of an injector plasma was linearly polarized and coupled into a Ne-like Ge amplifier produced polarized pulses of 23.2- and 23.6-nm radiation with a degree of polarization of ⬃0.98 and a pulse e ...
... an oblique incidence multilayer mirror was used as a polarizer.6 A different approach in which the output of an injector plasma was linearly polarized and coupled into a Ne-like Ge amplifier produced polarized pulses of 23.2- and 23.6-nm radiation with a degree of polarization of ⬃0.98 and a pulse e ...
Mechanisms of structural colour in the Morpho butterfly: cooperation
... To elucidate the angular dependence of the reflection from the Morpho wing, we consider a simple model in which a plane wave illuminates a lamella under the assumption that the cuticle layers are infinitely thin with the optical path length of the layer interval equal to that of the actual lamella, ...
... To elucidate the angular dependence of the reflection from the Morpho wing, we consider a simple model in which a plane wave illuminates a lamella under the assumption that the cuticle layers are infinitely thin with the optical path length of the layer interval equal to that of the actual lamella, ...
Diffraction - Purdue Physics
... effects, appears in the argument of this sinusoidal function. Since the intensity I of a light wave is proportional to the square of its electric field vector, the intensity of two beams interfering with each other will be determined by factors proportional to sin 2() or cos2(). The exact exp ...
... effects, appears in the argument of this sinusoidal function. Since the intensity I of a light wave is proportional to the square of its electric field vector, the intensity of two beams interfering with each other will be determined by factors proportional to sin 2() or cos2(). The exact exp ...
Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
... How does diraction aect the detail that can be observed when light passes through an aperture? Figure 1(b) shows the diraction pattern produced by two point light sources that are close to one another. The pattern is similar to that for a single point source, and it is just barely possible to tel ...
... How does diraction aect the detail that can be observed when light passes through an aperture? Figure 1(b) shows the diraction pattern produced by two point light sources that are close to one another. The pattern is similar to that for a single point source, and it is just barely possible to tel ...
Fig. 35-2
... If L much less than , for example L < 0.1, than phase difference due to the path difference 2L can be neglected. Phase difference between r1 and r2 will always be ½ wavelength destructive interference film will appear dark when viewed from illuminated side. ...
... If L much less than , for example L < 0.1, than phase difference due to the path difference 2L can be neglected. Phase difference between r1 and r2 will always be ½ wavelength destructive interference film will appear dark when viewed from illuminated side. ...
A crack method, on the BB84 protocol
... the angle between the two linear polarization directions is 45 degrees. For each of the four optical paths described above, a "45 degree linearly polarized beam splitter" is further connected (as shown in the figure below) ...
... the angle between the two linear polarization directions is 45 degrees. For each of the four optical paths described above, a "45 degree linearly polarized beam splitter" is further connected (as shown in the figure below) ...
A study of reflection and transmission of
... where no and ne are the characteristic ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices of the birefringent material and φ is the waveplate rotation angle; the angle formed between the plane of incidence and the optic axis of the waveplate (this angle is analogous to β from section 1). The symbol φ was ...
... where no and ne are the characteristic ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices of the birefringent material and φ is the waveplate rotation angle; the angle formed between the plane of incidence and the optic axis of the waveplate (this angle is analogous to β from section 1). The symbol φ was ...
Analysis of the Spectral Resolution of a TeO2 based Noncollinear
... For a designed AOTF, the spectral resolution is a main index to be considered in the evaluation of its performance. In this letter, we have deduced an accurate expression to describe the spectral bandwidth by considering both the birefringence and the rotatory property of the interaction materials. ...
... For a designed AOTF, the spectral resolution is a main index to be considered in the evaluation of its performance. In this letter, we have deduced an accurate expression to describe the spectral bandwidth by considering both the birefringence and the rotatory property of the interaction materials. ...
Reverse Iontophoresis - Faculty Server Contact
... Disposable contact lens which changes color according to glucose levels in tears Uses a Crystalline Colloidal Array Technology A red shift indicates hyperglycemia A purple shift indicates hypoglycemia ...
... Disposable contact lens which changes color according to glucose levels in tears Uses a Crystalline Colloidal Array Technology A red shift indicates hyperglycemia A purple shift indicates hypoglycemia ...
Photonic Devices I Purpose of the Lab
... pressing SETUP, followed by SAMPLING POINTS and then typing in 250 and pressing nm/ENTER. Try to measure as broad of a range as possible but remember that the OSA can only read between 350-1750nm. 3) Determine the peak wavelength, peak amplitude, side mode suppression ratio, mode offset, stop band, ...
... pressing SETUP, followed by SAMPLING POINTS and then typing in 250 and pressing nm/ENTER. Try to measure as broad of a range as possible but remember that the OSA can only read between 350-1750nm. 3) Determine the peak wavelength, peak amplitude, side mode suppression ratio, mode offset, stop band, ...
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
... Top-Seeded Solution Growth (TSSG) is a flux growth technique commonly used to grow crystals from high temperature solutions. Flux growth methods allow the crystals to grow before the melting temperature is reached and are used when the crystals melt incongruently or when there is a phase transition ...
... Top-Seeded Solution Growth (TSSG) is a flux growth technique commonly used to grow crystals from high temperature solutions. Flux growth methods allow the crystals to grow before the melting temperature is reached and are used when the crystals melt incongruently or when there is a phase transition ...
Document
... OPL is equal to the length that the same number of waves would have travelled if the medium were a vacuum. The OPL is not the same as the geometrical path length l. (Fermat’s principle requires that the OPL is a minimum). ...
... OPL is equal to the length that the same number of waves would have travelled if the medium were a vacuum. The OPL is not the same as the geometrical path length l. (Fermat’s principle requires that the OPL is a minimum). ...
FTIR Instrumentation
... - transmits half of all incident light. - reflects half of all incident light. All light energy that enters the interferometer from the source either returns back to the source or travels to the infrared detector. As the moving mirror scans back and forth, more or less than half of the total light e ...
... - transmits half of all incident light. - reflects half of all incident light. All light energy that enters the interferometer from the source either returns back to the source or travels to the infrared detector. As the moving mirror scans back and forth, more or less than half of the total light e ...
ellip
... An ellipsometer enables to measure the refractive index and the thickness of semi-transparent thin films. The instrument relies on the fact that the reflection at a dielectric interface depends on the polarization of the light while the transmission of light through a transparent layer changes the p ...
... An ellipsometer enables to measure the refractive index and the thickness of semi-transparent thin films. The instrument relies on the fact that the reflection at a dielectric interface depends on the polarization of the light while the transmission of light through a transparent layer changes the p ...
Coherent manipulation of atoms with standing light waves
... starting point, the question of whether light is a particle or a wave, is embodied in the duality just mentioned as to whether a standing wave is better considered as two counter-propagating beams of photons or a stationary electromagnetic field. As we have recently discussed the history of atom opt ...
... starting point, the question of whether light is a particle or a wave, is embodied in the duality just mentioned as to whether a standing wave is better considered as two counter-propagating beams of photons or a stationary electromagnetic field. As we have recently discussed the history of atom opt ...
Chapter 6 Experiment 4: Wave Interference
... same time, so the phase difference is due to the difference in distances between the point of observation, P, and the respective slit. This difference in distance is shown in Figure 6.3 as a function of angle. It is seen that the wave front emanating from one slit lags behind the other by ∆l = d sin ...
... same time, so the phase difference is due to the difference in distances between the point of observation, P, and the respective slit. This difference in distance is shown in Figure 6.3 as a function of angle. It is seen that the wave front emanating from one slit lags behind the other by ∆l = d sin ...
Ray Optics at a Deep-Subwavelength Scale: A Transformation Optics Approach Seunghoon Han,
... Information). Thin multilayers made up of positive index material (ε1 ) 2, µ1 ) 1, e.g., glass) and negative index material (ε2 ) -1.98 + 0.02i, µ2 ) -0.99 - 0.01i) were considered with the filling ratio p set as 1:2. Regarding the constitutional low-loss homogeneous negative index material, there a ...
... Information). Thin multilayers made up of positive index material (ε1 ) 2, µ1 ) 1, e.g., glass) and negative index material (ε2 ) -1.98 + 0.02i, µ2 ) -0.99 - 0.01i) were considered with the filling ratio p set as 1:2. Regarding the constitutional low-loss homogeneous negative index material, there a ...
Paper
... dressed condensate above and below the threshold for the matter wave amplification. The optical gain below the threshold has a narrow bandwidth due to the long coherence time of a condensate. This resulted in an extremely slow group velocity for the amplified light. Above the threshold, we observed ...
... dressed condensate above and below the threshold for the matter wave amplification. The optical gain below the threshold has a narrow bandwidth due to the long coherence time of a condensate. This resulted in an extremely slow group velocity for the amplified light. Above the threshold, we observed ...
Experimental characterization of the optical fiber sensors Andrei Stancalie, Gelu Ilie
... pressure measurement by modifying the structure of the fiber in such way that the parameter we want to measure will modulate the intensity, phase, polarization, wavelengths or time needed for the light to pass. The technologies based on optical fiber sensors are widely used in applications from bio- ...
... pressure measurement by modifying the structure of the fiber in such way that the parameter we want to measure will modulate the intensity, phase, polarization, wavelengths or time needed for the light to pass. The technologies based on optical fiber sensors are widely used in applications from bio- ...
Diffraction grating
In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical component with a periodic structure, which splits and diffracts light into several beams travelling in different directions. The emerging coloration is a form of structural coloration. The directions of these beams depend on the spacing of the grating and the wavelength of the light so that the grating acts as the dispersive element. Because of this, gratings are commonly used in monochromators and spectrometers.For practical applications, gratings generally have ridges or rulings on their surface rather than dark lines. Such gratings can be either transmissive or reflective. Gratings which modulate the phase rather than the amplitude of the incident light are also produced, frequently using holography.The principles of diffraction gratings were discovered by James Gregory, about a year after Newton's prism experiments, initially with items such as bird feathers. The first man-made diffraction grating was made around 1785 by Philadelphia inventor David Rittenhouse, who strung hairs between two finely threaded screws. This was similar to notable German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer's wire diffraction grating in 1821.Diffraction can create ""rainbow"" colors when illuminated by a wide spectrum (e.g., continuous) light source. The sparkling effects from the closely spaced narrow tracks on optical storage disks such as CD's or DVDs are an example, while the similar rainbow effects caused by thin layers of oil (or gasoline, etc.) on water are not caused by a grating, but rather by interference effects in reflections from the closely spaced transmissive layers (see Examples, below). A grating has parallel lines, while a CD has a spiral of finely-spaced data tracks. Diffraction colors also appear when one looks at a bright point source through a translucent fine-pitch umbrella-fabric covering. Decorative patterned plastic films based on reflective grating patches are very inexpensive, and are commonplace.