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Sisay M THESIS - Addis Ababa University Institutional Repository
... or found from empirical correlations. It can also be obtained experimentally. Optical methods are among the wide variety of techniques available. They apply to transparent fluids and are based on the fact that the concentration distribution in a diffusion process produces a gradient in the index of ...
... or found from empirical correlations. It can also be obtained experimentally. Optical methods are among the wide variety of techniques available. They apply to transparent fluids and are based on the fact that the concentration distribution in a diffusion process produces a gradient in the index of ...
Hydrogen Balmer Series High Resolution Spectroscopy : the
... investigations in the far ultraviolet and infrared regions confirmed his predictions with remarkable accuracy. The simplicity of the hydrogen spectrum is due to the fact that it contains only one electron, and that the potential felt by the electron is described precisely by Coulomb’s law. In quantu ...
... investigations in the far ultraviolet and infrared regions confirmed his predictions with remarkable accuracy. The simplicity of the hydrogen spectrum is due to the fact that it contains only one electron, and that the potential felt by the electron is described precisely by Coulomb’s law. In quantu ...
LM Ch 8: Bright Field
... or its effect on the materials of the objective could be important. Different oils may not be miscible so you should thoroughly clean a slide when going form one type of oil to another. Some oils are fluorescent and this would be disastrous if you were doing fluorescence microscopy. Some oils will e ...
... or its effect on the materials of the objective could be important. Different oils may not be miscible so you should thoroughly clean a slide when going form one type of oil to another. Some oils are fluorescent and this would be disastrous if you were doing fluorescence microscopy. Some oils will e ...
Chapter 4: Two-Beam Interference
... Chapter 4: Two-Beam Interference Two-beam interference: Because light waves are repetitive, with electric fields that swing alternately positive and negative (that is, they reverse direction sinusoidally), interesting things can happen when two (or more) of them arrive at the same place, but are del ...
... Chapter 4: Two-Beam Interference Two-beam interference: Because light waves are repetitive, with electric fields that swing alternately positive and negative (that is, they reverse direction sinusoidally), interesting things can happen when two (or more) of them arrive at the same place, but are del ...
Optical diffraction tomography for high resolution live cell imaging
... refractive index distribution within the cell into intensity variations. However, these techniques do not provide quantitative maps of phase change. More advanced phase microscopy techniques have been developed to record quantitative phase images of specimen-induced phase changes [3-7]. These techni ...
... refractive index distribution within the cell into intensity variations. However, these techniques do not provide quantitative maps of phase change. More advanced phase microscopy techniques have been developed to record quantitative phase images of specimen-induced phase changes [3-7]. These techni ...
Quasi-3D plasmonic coupling scheme for near-field optical lithography and imaging Y W
... achieving highly enhanced and confined light spots, the confinement of light is usually affected by the optical properties of the sample being scanned because their resonance is usually detuned by the change of sample properties at their close proximity. Another widely used approach is to use nanosc ...
... achieving highly enhanced and confined light spots, the confinement of light is usually affected by the optical properties of the sample being scanned because their resonance is usually detuned by the change of sample properties at their close proximity. Another widely used approach is to use nanosc ...
Light Measurement Handbook
... properties in varying degrees. Like all electromagnetic waves, light waves can interfere with each other, become directionally polarized, and bend slightly when passing an edge. These properties allow light to be filtered by wavelength or amplified coherently as in a laser. In radiometry, light’s pr ...
... properties in varying degrees. Like all electromagnetic waves, light waves can interfere with each other, become directionally polarized, and bend slightly when passing an edge. These properties allow light to be filtered by wavelength or amplified coherently as in a laser. In radiometry, light’s pr ...
Physic
... 1. Elliptically polarised light is produced when O-ray and E-ray having equal amplitude superimpose over each other and have a path difference of l/4 2. Circularly polarised light is produced when O-ray and E-ray having equal amplitude superimpose over each other and have a path difference of l/4 ...
... 1. Elliptically polarised light is produced when O-ray and E-ray having equal amplitude superimpose over each other and have a path difference of l/4 2. Circularly polarised light is produced when O-ray and E-ray having equal amplitude superimpose over each other and have a path difference of l/4 ...
Montgomery self-imaging effect using computer
... which approximates the frequency spectrum required for Montgomery self-imaging. Previous attempts to applied Montgomery objects include [13] and [14]. In both cases, spatial filtering techniques were used. In [14], it is shown that – under suitable conditions – quasi-periodic and aperiodic ring pupil ...
... which approximates the frequency spectrum required for Montgomery self-imaging. Previous attempts to applied Montgomery objects include [13] and [14]. In both cases, spatial filtering techniques were used. In [14], it is shown that – under suitable conditions – quasi-periodic and aperiodic ring pupil ...
Biomedical imaging in the undergraduate physics curriculum
... NA ¼ n sin hmax , where n is the refractive index of the medium in which the light propagates, and hmax is half the angular aperture. Typically, numerical apertures do not exceed $1.4. Equation (1) is valid when the condenser and objective have the same numerical aperture (NAcond ¼ NAobj ), as shown ...
... NA ¼ n sin hmax , where n is the refractive index of the medium in which the light propagates, and hmax is half the angular aperture. Typically, numerical apertures do not exceed $1.4. Equation (1) is valid when the condenser and objective have the same numerical aperture (NAcond ¼ NAobj ), as shown ...
of refraction
... lines. We represent light using rays, which are straight lines emanating from an object. This is an idealization, but is very useful for geometric optics. ...
... lines. We represent light using rays, which are straight lines emanating from an object. This is an idealization, but is very useful for geometric optics. ...
Diode pumped distributed Bragg reflector lasers
... are separated from the Bragg gratings and hence both of the aforementioned possible losses are addressed. In Fig. 2 a general schematic of such a structure is shown: the planar polymer film acts as an amplifier and the adjacent gratings form the resonator. The optical excitation is centered in the p ...
... are separated from the Bragg gratings and hence both of the aforementioned possible losses are addressed. In Fig. 2 a general schematic of such a structure is shown: the planar polymer film acts as an amplifier and the adjacent gratings form the resonator. The optical excitation is centered in the p ...
optical properties of dielectric mirrors, produced by large area glass
... wet coating and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coating. In case of wet coating, the metal used as reflective substrate is silver. It is deposited onto the glass surface, via certain chemical process as result of chemical reaction of two chemicals. The deposited Ag is protected (covered) by Cu, and ...
... wet coating and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coating. In case of wet coating, the metal used as reflective substrate is silver. It is deposited onto the glass surface, via certain chemical process as result of chemical reaction of two chemicals. The deposited Ag is protected (covered) by Cu, and ...
Holograms for shaping radio
... A scheme of the two-dimensional FDTD simulation is shown in figure 4. The simulation domain is divided into cells: within each cell, local and time-dependent electric and magnetic fields are computed with Maxwell’s equations using the central-difference approximation. In the two-dimensional FDTD sim ...
... A scheme of the two-dimensional FDTD simulation is shown in figure 4. The simulation domain is divided into cells: within each cell, local and time-dependent electric and magnetic fields are computed with Maxwell’s equations using the central-difference approximation. In the two-dimensional FDTD sim ...
Mindfiesta Page 1 CHAPTER – 10 WAVE OPTICS EXPERTS TIPS
... Sometimes, refractive indices of the materials of prisms for blue, mean and red light i.e. b, and r are represented by F, D and C respectively. (51) When two prisms (of different materials and angles of prism) are combined so as to produce dispersion without deviation, the condition for no de ...
... Sometimes, refractive indices of the materials of prisms for blue, mean and red light i.e. b, and r are represented by F, D and C respectively. (51) When two prisms (of different materials and angles of prism) are combined so as to produce dispersion without deviation, the condition for no de ...
PC 481 Fiber Optics Lab Manual
... coupler allows two or more optical signals to be combined into one signal. The coupler can also be used to split the signals apart again. The fused coupler is the most common of the fibre couplers and the principle behind the fused couplers is that when two or more fibre cores are brought to within ...
... coupler allows two or more optical signals to be combined into one signal. The coupler can also be used to split the signals apart again. The fused coupler is the most common of the fibre couplers and the principle behind the fused couplers is that when two or more fibre cores are brought to within ...
Generation of Polarization Entangled Photon Pairs in a Planar
... bulk crystals [1, 2] and channel waveguides [3–6]. Entangled photon pairs generated through SPDC process in bulk nonlinear optic crystals suffer from a number of problems such as low efficiency, design complication, low interaction length, and are hard to implement for practical applications. In ord ...
... bulk crystals [1, 2] and channel waveguides [3–6]. Entangled photon pairs generated through SPDC process in bulk nonlinear optic crystals suffer from a number of problems such as low efficiency, design complication, low interaction length, and are hard to implement for practical applications. In ord ...
Broad Band Two-Dimensional Manipulation of Surface Plasmons
... cavity effect needs to be considered. We also developed a method to deduce the wavelength of a SPP wave by a simple far field measurement of the fringe period outside of the slit pair shown in Figure 3a. The fringe pattern is formed by SPP waves outside of the slit pair. The fringe period strongly r ...
... cavity effect needs to be considered. We also developed a method to deduce the wavelength of a SPP wave by a simple far field measurement of the fringe period outside of the slit pair shown in Figure 3a. The fringe pattern is formed by SPP waves outside of the slit pair. The fringe period strongly r ...
Diffraction Grating Handbook
... The first diffraction grating was made by an American astronomer, David Rittenhouse, in 1785, who reported constructing a half-inch wide grating with fifty-three apertures. Apparently he developed this prototype no further, and there is no evidence that he tried to use it for serious scientific expe ...
... The first diffraction grating was made by an American astronomer, David Rittenhouse, in 1785, who reported constructing a half-inch wide grating with fifty-three apertures. Apparently he developed this prototype no further, and there is no evidence that he tried to use it for serious scientific expe ...
Lab 7: Fabry-Perot Interferometer
... successive sets of peaks in the transmitted spectrum. The resolving power of the device tells us the minimum difference between two wavelengths that can be distinguished. We will use the Rayleigh criterion to define this property. The criterion states that the separation of the peaks corresponding t ...
... successive sets of peaks in the transmitted spectrum. The resolving power of the device tells us the minimum difference between two wavelengths that can be distinguished. We will use the Rayleigh criterion to define this property. The criterion states that the separation of the peaks corresponding t ...
Optical Broadband Angular Selectivity Yichen Shen, Dexin Ye, Ivan Celanovic,
... fundamental idea theoretically for a single polarization and oblique incident angles, and also for both polarizations and normal angle of incidence. Second, we experimentally demonstrate the concept in the case of all-visible spectrum, p-polarized light. The demonstrator is transparent ...
... fundamental idea theoretically for a single polarization and oblique incident angles, and also for both polarizations and normal angle of incidence. Second, we experimentally demonstrate the concept in the case of all-visible spectrum, p-polarized light. The demonstrator is transparent ...
HOLO TEXT
... It might be appropriate at this stage to point out that not all wavelengths of light are refracted in the same manner as each other. In examining the refractive response of different colors of light it becomes clear that light sources with shorter wavelengths, and thus higher energy levels, are refr ...
... It might be appropriate at this stage to point out that not all wavelengths of light are refracted in the same manner as each other. In examining the refractive response of different colors of light it becomes clear that light sources with shorter wavelengths, and thus higher energy levels, are refr ...
Enhancing the emission directionality of organic light-emitting diodes by using
... direction of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Many aspects of OLEDs have been comprehensively studied and well controlled including power efficiency, chromaticity, and color stability, yet the directionality of the emission has received little attention. Directional emission could be useful fo ...
... direction of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Many aspects of OLEDs have been comprehensively studied and well controlled including power efficiency, chromaticity, and color stability, yet the directionality of the emission has received little attention. Directional emission could be useful fo ...
Diffraction grating
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In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical component with a periodic structure, which splits and diffracts light into several beams travelling in different directions. The emerging coloration is a form of structural coloration. The directions of these beams depend on the spacing of the grating and the wavelength of the light so that the grating acts as the dispersive element. Because of this, gratings are commonly used in monochromators and spectrometers.For practical applications, gratings generally have ridges or rulings on their surface rather than dark lines. Such gratings can be either transmissive or reflective. Gratings which modulate the phase rather than the amplitude of the incident light are also produced, frequently using holography.The principles of diffraction gratings were discovered by James Gregory, about a year after Newton's prism experiments, initially with items such as bird feathers. The first man-made diffraction grating was made around 1785 by Philadelphia inventor David Rittenhouse, who strung hairs between two finely threaded screws. This was similar to notable German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer's wire diffraction grating in 1821.Diffraction can create ""rainbow"" colors when illuminated by a wide spectrum (e.g., continuous) light source. The sparkling effects from the closely spaced narrow tracks on optical storage disks such as CD's or DVDs are an example, while the similar rainbow effects caused by thin layers of oil (or gasoline, etc.) on water are not caused by a grating, but rather by interference effects in reflections from the closely spaced transmissive layers (see Examples, below). A grating has parallel lines, while a CD has a spiral of finely-spaced data tracks. Diffraction colors also appear when one looks at a bright point source through a translucent fine-pitch umbrella-fabric covering. Decorative patterned plastic films based on reflective grating patches are very inexpensive, and are commonplace.