Conditioned Inhibition
... Identification of CSs and USs is relative A particular event may serve as a CS relative to one stimulus and serve as a US relative to another stimulus ...
... Identification of CSs and USs is relative A particular event may serve as a CS relative to one stimulus and serve as a US relative to another stimulus ...
04 Chemical Senses
... Releasers - trigger a specific behavioral response Primers - trigger a hormone response which increases the likelihood of certain types of behaviors ...
... Releasers - trigger a specific behavioral response Primers - trigger a hormone response which increases the likelihood of certain types of behaviors ...
Canine Olfaction: An Overview of the Anatomy, Physiology and
... In addition to the MOE, the dog has an additional olfactory epithelium, the vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VNsE), found in the vomeronasal organ (VNO). This tissue is present bilaterally in the bottom of the nasal cavity above the roof of the mouth just behind the canine teeth. The VNO is open to ...
... In addition to the MOE, the dog has an additional olfactory epithelium, the vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VNsE), found in the vomeronasal organ (VNO). This tissue is present bilaterally in the bottom of the nasal cavity above the roof of the mouth just behind the canine teeth. The VNO is open to ...
PPT - UCLA Health
... experimental manipulation is done in the neonate compared with the adult animal. • Example: performance of a congenitally deaf child provided with a cochlear implant at an early age compared with a deaf child implanted a ...
... experimental manipulation is done in the neonate compared with the adult animal. • Example: performance of a congenitally deaf child provided with a cochlear implant at an early age compared with a deaf child implanted a ...
Neural Correlates of Executive Control in the Avian Brain
... memory that which is relevant, while restricting access to memory or discarding from memory that which is not. Our data are the first example of neural correlates of executive control in a nonmammalian species. We would also argue that they are the most straightforward example of neural correlates of ...
... memory that which is relevant, while restricting access to memory or discarding from memory that which is not. Our data are the first example of neural correlates of executive control in a nonmammalian species. We would also argue that they are the most straightforward example of neural correlates of ...
Contextual modulation of primary visual cortex by auditory signals
... one another in V1 and V2, suggesting at least a partially overlapping neural code between real sound and imagined sound in visual cortex. We also tested if we could train our classifier to learn the relationship between response patterns and certain sounds, and then apply this rule to predict the ca ...
... one another in V1 and V2, suggesting at least a partially overlapping neural code between real sound and imagined sound in visual cortex. We also tested if we could train our classifier to learn the relationship between response patterns and certain sounds, and then apply this rule to predict the ca ...
Chapter 8: Stimulus Control of Behavior
... – Identification and Measurement of Stimulus Control • Differential Responding and Stimulus Control • Stimulus Generalization • Stimulus Generalization Gradients as Measures of Stimulus Control ...
... – Identification and Measurement of Stimulus Control • Differential Responding and Stimulus Control • Stimulus Generalization • Stimulus Generalization Gradients as Measures of Stimulus Control ...
"The Hidden Mind" - Emotion, Memory and the Brain by
... are confident in believing that many of the findings in animals apply to humans. In addition, the kinds of stimuli most commonly used in this type of conditioning are not signals that rats— or humans, for that matter— encounter in their daily lives. The novelty and irrelevance of these lights and so ...
... are confident in believing that many of the findings in animals apply to humans. In addition, the kinds of stimuli most commonly used in this type of conditioning are not signals that rats— or humans, for that matter— encounter in their daily lives. The novelty and irrelevance of these lights and so ...
Nerve Cells and Insect Behavior—Studies on Crickets1 This report
... SYNOPSIS. Intraspecific acoustic communication during pair formation in crickets provides excellent material for neuroethological research. It permits analysis of a distinct behavior at its neuronal level. This top-down approach considers first the behavior in quantitative terms, then searches for i ...
... SYNOPSIS. Intraspecific acoustic communication during pair formation in crickets provides excellent material for neuroethological research. It permits analysis of a distinct behavior at its neuronal level. This top-down approach considers first the behavior in quantitative terms, then searches for i ...
Visual Dysfunction in Brain Injury
... • A variety of visual dysfunctions can cause or associate with dizziness and balance problems • Pt may misperceive their position in the environment • Pt may show a tendency to lean to one side, forward and/or backward ...
... • A variety of visual dysfunctions can cause or associate with dizziness and balance problems • Pt may misperceive their position in the environment • Pt may show a tendency to lean to one side, forward and/or backward ...
Lateral olfactory processing
... The Drosophila and mammalian olfactory systems share a striking similarity in the initial steps of odor transduction and the projection of ORNs into receptor-specific glomeruli (Figure 1). Olsen and Wilson’s results illustrate that sensory processing in the Drosophila antennal lobe shares important ...
... The Drosophila and mammalian olfactory systems share a striking similarity in the initial steps of odor transduction and the projection of ORNs into receptor-specific glomeruli (Figure 1). Olsen and Wilson’s results illustrate that sensory processing in the Drosophila antennal lobe shares important ...
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF AMPLIFICATION: SUCCESSFUL LIVING WITH HEARING LOSS
... • Hearing instruments are expensive, which can be a barrier ...
... • Hearing instruments are expensive, which can be a barrier ...
Negative BOLD in Sensory Cortices During
... blind. Statistical parametric maps of activation for the verbal memory versus rest contrast using a random effect GLM analysis. Group results are presented on a full Talairach-normalized inflated and unfolded brain of the left (LH) and right (RH) hemispheres. Color scale denotes significant activati ...
... blind. Statistical parametric maps of activation for the verbal memory versus rest contrast using a random effect GLM analysis. Group results are presented on a full Talairach-normalized inflated and unfolded brain of the left (LH) and right (RH) hemispheres. Color scale denotes significant activati ...
Arterial Blood Supply to the Auditory Cortex of the Chinchilla
... tion of all major cerebral arteries, as shown in Fig. 2. Viewed from the ventral direction (lower panel), the anatomy of the arterial circle and its associated major vessels can be seen. The general plan (from caudal to rostral) of vertebral arteries converging to form the basilar artery, which in t ...
... tion of all major cerebral arteries, as shown in Fig. 2. Viewed from the ventral direction (lower panel), the anatomy of the arterial circle and its associated major vessels can be seen. The general plan (from caudal to rostral) of vertebral arteries converging to form the basilar artery, which in t ...
BETA ACTIVITY: A CARRIER FOR VISUAL ATTENTION
... excitability of cells activated by attended objects or voluntary action (Treisman and Gelade 1980, Crick 1994). The possibility exists that both mechanisms cooperate; the attentional mechanism may activate populations of cells thereby allowing them to synchronize their activity. In a hierarchically ...
... excitability of cells activated by attended objects or voluntary action (Treisman and Gelade 1980, Crick 1994). The possibility exists that both mechanisms cooperate; the attentional mechanism may activate populations of cells thereby allowing them to synchronize their activity. In a hierarchically ...
A coincidence detector neural network model of selective attention
... In addition to influence from top-down spatial goals, the neural activation of each stimulus is progressively modulated by top-down signals of semantic information. We propose that a correlation control mechanism that includes coincidence detector neurons determines the correlation between semantic ...
... In addition to influence from top-down spatial goals, the neural activation of each stimulus is progressively modulated by top-down signals of semantic information. We propose that a correlation control mechanism that includes coincidence detector neurons determines the correlation between semantic ...
different sensory modalities
... • there are many areas in the brain in which multiple sensory afferents converge • there are colliculus neurons that respond vigorously to low intensity auditory stimulus, but if the animal can’t see the visual stimulus the response is suppressed • the colliculus is an apt structure to study interac ...
... • there are many areas in the brain in which multiple sensory afferents converge • there are colliculus neurons that respond vigorously to low intensity auditory stimulus, but if the animal can’t see the visual stimulus the response is suppressed • the colliculus is an apt structure to study interac ...
Olfactory processing: maps, time and codes Gilles Laurent
... [28] proposed and Konishi and Carr [29,30] showed that sound localization in the horizontal plane relies on the sensitivity of the owl’s auditory system to phase delays between the signals arriving at each ear. This sensitivity relies on the tuning of neurons in nucleus laminaris, a brainstem nucleu ...
... [28] proposed and Konishi and Carr [29,30] showed that sound localization in the horizontal plane relies on the sensitivity of the owl’s auditory system to phase delays between the signals arriving at each ear. This sensitivity relies on the tuning of neurons in nucleus laminaris, a brainstem nucleu ...
Neural Correlates for Perception of 3D Surface Orientation from
... 4B). Mitochondria were not shaped or positioned properly in an unc-60(r398) mutant background (Fig. 4D). A partial loss-of-function allele in the C. elegans cofilin homolog, unc60(r398), disrupts actin filaments in the body wall muscle of adult hermaphrodites (23). Therefore, actin filaments are req ...
... 4B). Mitochondria were not shaped or positioned properly in an unc-60(r398) mutant background (Fig. 4D). A partial loss-of-function allele in the C. elegans cofilin homolog, unc60(r398), disrupts actin filaments in the body wall muscle of adult hermaphrodites (23). Therefore, actin filaments are req ...
Axon Guidance
... addition of membrane to expand the plasma membrane. • The dynamic turnover of actin filaments at the axon terminal advances the growth cone front and promotes exploration of the environment for guidance cues. ...
... addition of membrane to expand the plasma membrane. • The dynamic turnover of actin filaments at the axon terminal advances the growth cone front and promotes exploration of the environment for guidance cues. ...
Action Representation in Mirror Neurons
... and subcortical centers, including the superior temporal sulcus region (6–8), the ventral premotor cortex (9–14), and the superior colliculus (15). These neurons, however, responded to specific stimulus locations or directions of movement. The difference with the neurons described here is that they ...
... and subcortical centers, including the superior temporal sulcus region (6–8), the ventral premotor cortex (9–14), and the superior colliculus (15). These neurons, however, responded to specific stimulus locations or directions of movement. The difference with the neurons described here is that they ...
developing the brain`s ability - Success For Kids With Hearing Loss
... speech during his/her early years of life, a permanent, reassignment of the child’s auditory brain cells. If the brain is not stimulated by sound it will reorganize itself through synaptic pruning to maximize processing through other senses – primarily vision. The visual centers of the brain will c ...
... speech during his/her early years of life, a permanent, reassignment of the child’s auditory brain cells. If the brain is not stimulated by sound it will reorganize itself through synaptic pruning to maximize processing through other senses – primarily vision. The visual centers of the brain will c ...
Dispatch Vision: How to Train Visual Cortex to Predict Reward Time
... that may even contribute to visual awareness [7,10]. A simple, yet dramatic example for how behavioral state impacts V1 is the observation that when mice run, the stimulus-evoked firing of V1 neurons can double while retaining stimulus selectivity [11,12,13]. In fact, primary sensory cortices have d ...
... that may even contribute to visual awareness [7,10]. A simple, yet dramatic example for how behavioral state impacts V1 is the observation that when mice run, the stimulus-evoked firing of V1 neurons can double while retaining stimulus selectivity [11,12,13]. In fact, primary sensory cortices have d ...
Chapter 11: The Auditory and Vestibular Systems
... Horizontal: Left-right, Vertical: Up-down Localization of Sound in Horizontal Plane Interaural time delay: Time taken for sound to reach from ear to ear Interaural intensity difference: Sound at high frequency from one side of ear Duplex theory of sound localization: Interaural time delay: 20-2000 H ...
... Horizontal: Left-right, Vertical: Up-down Localization of Sound in Horizontal Plane Interaural time delay: Time taken for sound to reach from ear to ear Interaural intensity difference: Sound at high frequency from one side of ear Duplex theory of sound localization: Interaural time delay: 20-2000 H ...
A Self-Organizing Neural Network That Learns to
... mental principle of neural organization in visual systems: Visual systems represent the world in terms of predictions of its future appearance,and they reorganize themselves to generate better predictions. If the predictivity principle were satisfied (i.e., a visual system generates perfect predict ...
... mental principle of neural organization in visual systems: Visual systems represent the world in terms of predictions of its future appearance,and they reorganize themselves to generate better predictions. If the predictivity principle were satisfied (i.e., a visual system generates perfect predict ...