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A Novel Vertebrate Eye Using Both Refractive
... provides a well-focused image over most of the retina (Figures 4C–4G). The diverticulum’s predicted field of view in the lateral direction is from about 224 to about 272 (i.e., about 24 either side of the primary axis; 270 being directly downwards and 180 being lateral) (Figure 4B). For rays cl ...
... provides a well-focused image over most of the retina (Figures 4C–4G). The diverticulum’s predicted field of view in the lateral direction is from about 224 to about 272 (i.e., about 24 either side of the primary axis; 270 being directly downwards and 180 being lateral) (Figure 4B). For rays cl ...
Epriretinal Membrane formation
... occur following posterior vitreous detachment. Around 75% or more of epiretinal membrane have a vitreous detachment. (This is where the jelly of the eye comes away from the retina, a normal feature as we get older, the Jelly collapses and peals away from the retina) This can be seen in this case wit ...
... occur following posterior vitreous detachment. Around 75% or more of epiretinal membrane have a vitreous detachment. (This is where the jelly of the eye comes away from the retina, a normal feature as we get older, the Jelly collapses and peals away from the retina) This can be seen in this case wit ...
Chapter 20 HUMAN VISION
... In an attempt to refine our understanding of human vision, direct measurements of the response of the retinal cones to various exciting lights have been made. Three types of cone cells have been identified, each particularly sensitive to a different range of the spectrum. However, it is clear that t ...
... In an attempt to refine our understanding of human vision, direct measurements of the response of the retinal cones to various exciting lights have been made. Three types of cone cells have been identified, each particularly sensitive to a different range of the spectrum. However, it is clear that t ...
MENNONITE COLLEGE OF NURSING AT
... gaze into distance, then focus on penlight as moves toward nose g. cover test--strabismus--esotropia or exotrophia 4. Extra ocular movements (CN III, IV, VI) (“LR6, SO4, the rest are 3, there ain’t no more”) a. Direct patient to move eyes into six cardinal fields of gaze to test function of each b. ...
... gaze into distance, then focus on penlight as moves toward nose g. cover test--strabismus--esotropia or exotrophia 4. Extra ocular movements (CN III, IV, VI) (“LR6, SO4, the rest are 3, there ain’t no more”) a. Direct patient to move eyes into six cardinal fields of gaze to test function of each b. ...
Special Sensory Function Special Sensory Function
... ➤ Vision is a special sensory function that incorporates the visual receptor functions of the eyeball, the optic nerve, and visual pathways that carry and distribute sensory information from the optic globe to the central nervous system, and the primary and visual association cortices that translate ...
... ➤ Vision is a special sensory function that incorporates the visual receptor functions of the eyeball, the optic nerve, and visual pathways that carry and distribute sensory information from the optic globe to the central nervous system, and the primary and visual association cortices that translate ...
A Review of the Vascular Anatomy of the Optic Nerve Head
... retinal artery or its branches but is important in occlusion of the central retinal artery [1]. Axons on the surface of the optic head receive blood supply from the branches of the central retinal artery, reinforced by the branches from the circle of Zinn [2]. The circles of Zinn and Haller are a ri ...
... retinal artery or its branches but is important in occlusion of the central retinal artery [1]. Axons on the surface of the optic head receive blood supply from the branches of the central retinal artery, reinforced by the branches from the circle of Zinn [2]. The circles of Zinn and Haller are a ri ...
Intermediate Uveitis - Oxford University Hospitals
... This is caused by debris from the inflammation getting into the vitreous humour (the ‘clear jelly’ which fills the eye). This produces ‘floaters’ which can be annoying but don’t usually affect your vision when it is measured by an eye chart. However, if this complication becomes more severe, your vi ...
... This is caused by debris from the inflammation getting into the vitreous humour (the ‘clear jelly’ which fills the eye). This produces ‘floaters’ which can be annoying but don’t usually affect your vision when it is measured by an eye chart. However, if this complication becomes more severe, your vi ...
A Review of the Vascular Anatomy of the Optic Nerve Head
... artery or its branches but is important in occlusion of the central retinal artery [1]. Axons on the surface of the optic head receive blood supply from the branches of the central retinal artery, reinforced by the branches from the circle of Zinn [2]. The circles of Zinn and Haller are a rich vascu ...
... artery or its branches but is important in occlusion of the central retinal artery [1]. Axons on the surface of the optic head receive blood supply from the branches of the central retinal artery, reinforced by the branches from the circle of Zinn [2]. The circles of Zinn and Haller are a rich vascu ...
Central Retinal Arterial Occlusion (CRAO) after Phacoemulsification
... postoperative pain which normally would accompany an acute rise in the IOP. Similar cases of retinal infarction with macular cherry red spot have been reported following intraocular injection of gentamycin and other amino glycosides aimed at preventing post-operative endophthalmitis. Many of such ca ...
... postoperative pain which normally would accompany an acute rise in the IOP. Similar cases of retinal infarction with macular cherry red spot have been reported following intraocular injection of gentamycin and other amino glycosides aimed at preventing post-operative endophthalmitis. Many of such ca ...
Review_Cranial_Nerves_I
... V1 (GSA only) Superior Orbital Fissure via Cavernous sinus V2 (GSA only) Foramen Rotundum via Cavernous Sinus V3 - Foramen Ovale (does NOT traverse Cavernous sinus) Superior Orbital Fissure via Cavernous Sinus ...
... V1 (GSA only) Superior Orbital Fissure via Cavernous sinus V2 (GSA only) Foramen Rotundum via Cavernous Sinus V3 - Foramen Ovale (does NOT traverse Cavernous sinus) Superior Orbital Fissure via Cavernous Sinus ...
UBC Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences 31st
... Sijia Cao, Jiangyuan Gao, Aikun Wang, Jing Z. Cui, Joanne A. Matsubara Purpose: Drusen are hallmark deposits associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and amyloid beta (Aβ) and membrane attack complex (MAC) have been both reported in drusen. However, the relationship between Aβ and comp ...
... Sijia Cao, Jiangyuan Gao, Aikun Wang, Jing Z. Cui, Joanne A. Matsubara Purpose: Drusen are hallmark deposits associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and amyloid beta (Aβ) and membrane attack complex (MAC) have been both reported in drusen. However, the relationship between Aβ and comp ...
OCULAR EMERGENCIES
... stenosis. Funduscopic examination after CRAO reveals interrupted columns of blood within the retinal vessels (sometimes referred to as “boxcarring”) and retinal pallor secondary to retinal edema, with a characteristic cherry-red spot at the fovea and attenuation of the retinal arteries. An embolus i ...
... stenosis. Funduscopic examination after CRAO reveals interrupted columns of blood within the retinal vessels (sometimes referred to as “boxcarring”) and retinal pallor secondary to retinal edema, with a characteristic cherry-red spot at the fovea and attenuation of the retinal arteries. An embolus i ...
Ch06 Lecture Part II
... • Other binocular neurons respond best when similar images fall on different retinal locations – RFs – non corresponding retinal locations – Tuned to particular binocular disparity – Specific location in space (relative to fixation) ...
... • Other binocular neurons respond best when similar images fall on different retinal locations – RFs – non corresponding retinal locations – Tuned to particular binocular disparity – Specific location in space (relative to fixation) ...
Neovascular Glaucoma - MM Joshi Eye Institute
... detect fine NVI at the pupillary border. This should be compulsorily done in all cases of CRVO, PDR, and when other systemic or ocular diseases which can cause NVI are present. Gonioscopy in the affected eye in crvo can reveal presence of NVA.Gonioscopy should also be done in all cases of PDR, to de ...
... detect fine NVI at the pupillary border. This should be compulsorily done in all cases of CRVO, PDR, and when other systemic or ocular diseases which can cause NVI are present. Gonioscopy in the affected eye in crvo can reveal presence of NVA.Gonioscopy should also be done in all cases of PDR, to de ...
Aging Q3 Vision Loss Poster - 157 KB
... projected to reach 5.5 million by 2020. In addition to treating a patient's vision loss and co-morbid medical issues, physicians must be aware of the physical limitations and social issues associated with vision loss to optimize health and independent living for the visually impaired patient. ...
... projected to reach 5.5 million by 2020. In addition to treating a patient's vision loss and co-morbid medical issues, physicians must be aware of the physical limitations and social issues associated with vision loss to optimize health and independent living for the visually impaired patient. ...
Heavy Metal Concentrations in Human Eyes
... above the normal adult range (⬍5 g/l); 2 of the 3 subjects were smokers. No subjects had detectable blood levels of mercury and thallium. Table 1 shows the concentrations and reference ranges for lead and cadmium in the fluids and tissues of fresh autopsy human eyes. No mercury or thallium was dete ...
... above the normal adult range (⬍5 g/l); 2 of the 3 subjects were smokers. No subjects had detectable blood levels of mercury and thallium. Table 1 shows the concentrations and reference ranges for lead and cadmium in the fluids and tissues of fresh autopsy human eyes. No mercury or thallium was dete ...
2320Lecture14
... fused into a single image • The region of space that contains images with close enough disparity to be fused is called Panum’s Area ...
... fused into a single image • The region of space that contains images with close enough disparity to be fused is called Panum’s Area ...
Chronic use of chloroquine and/or hydroxychloroquine
... Color fundus photography is not part of the recommended screening but can be used for documentation. 1. There are NO visible changes in early disease: Document this! 2. In advanced stage: Bull’s eye maculopathy. Look for macular pigmentation change, specifically paracentral RPE pigment loss. a. Imag ...
... Color fundus photography is not part of the recommended screening but can be used for documentation. 1. There are NO visible changes in early disease: Document this! 2. In advanced stage: Bull’s eye maculopathy. Look for macular pigmentation change, specifically paracentral RPE pigment loss. a. Imag ...
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion due to retinal vasculitis Priyanka
... more generalized prothrombotic tendencies, both of which have been found to occur in retinal vasculitis. An obliterative process may result from mural inflammatory infiltration. 8 Retinal vasculitis Retinal vasculitis is defined as vascular leakage and staining of vessel walls on fluorescein angiogr ...
... more generalized prothrombotic tendencies, both of which have been found to occur in retinal vasculitis. An obliterative process may result from mural inflammatory infiltration. 8 Retinal vasculitis Retinal vasculitis is defined as vascular leakage and staining of vessel walls on fluorescein angiogr ...
Macular Degeneration: The Leading Cause of Age
... Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects the macula — the central most part of the retina, which is the inner layer at the back of the eye responsible for detailed central vision. The macula is used for reading, driving and recognizing people’s faces. Macular degeneration causes the center of ...
... Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects the macula — the central most part of the retina, which is the inner layer at the back of the eye responsible for detailed central vision. The macula is used for reading, driving and recognizing people’s faces. Macular degeneration causes the center of ...
ARVO 2014 Annual Meeting Abstracts 220 Nanotherapy
... However, the retina of non-mammalian vertebrates, like fish and amphibians, possesses remarkable capacity of regeneration. Two major cell types in these lower vertebrates have been demonstrated to contribute to continuous retinal regeneration: cells of the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) and Müller glia ...
... However, the retina of non-mammalian vertebrates, like fish and amphibians, possesses remarkable capacity of regeneration. Two major cell types in these lower vertebrates have been demonstrated to contribute to continuous retinal regeneration: cells of the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) and Müller glia ...
Introduction: James Goodwin, MD (Attending)
... Background on retinitis pigmentosa (RP) Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of hereditary retinal degenerations or dystrophies. It involves photoreceptors and pigment epithelial dysfunction or cell loss. It is characterized by progressive visual field loss and abnormal electroretinogram (ERG). Retinitis ...
... Background on retinitis pigmentosa (RP) Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of hereditary retinal degenerations or dystrophies. It involves photoreceptors and pigment epithelial dysfunction or cell loss. It is characterized by progressive visual field loss and abnormal electroretinogram (ERG). Retinitis ...
STRUCTURE OF THE EYEBALL Connective tissue layer = Sclera +
... Abducens nerve (VI) – Supplies lateral rectus muscle Patient has trouble abducting the affected eye. In order to avoid diplopia, the patient tends to look sideways so that the affected eye can be used in adduction. Oculomotor nerve (III) – Supplies all other extra ocular muscles as well as parasympa ...
... Abducens nerve (VI) – Supplies lateral rectus muscle Patient has trouble abducting the affected eye. In order to avoid diplopia, the patient tends to look sideways so that the affected eye can be used in adduction. Oculomotor nerve (III) – Supplies all other extra ocular muscles as well as parasympa ...
Hydrocephalus, agyria, pseudo
... shallow fashion to the cervical canal and it was postulated that the cause of the hydrocephalus was compression of the cerebellum or medulla, a form of Arnold-Chiari malformation. Microscopical examination of the eyes revealed bilateral anomalies involving both anterior and posterior segments. The r ...
... shallow fashion to the cervical canal and it was postulated that the cause of the hydrocephalus was compression of the cerebellum or medulla, a form of Arnold-Chiari malformation. Microscopical examination of the eyes revealed bilateral anomalies involving both anterior and posterior segments. The r ...
Retina
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png?width=300)
The retina (/ˈrɛtɪnə/ RET-i-nə, pl. retinae, /ˈrɛtiniː/; from Latin rēte, meaning ""net"") is the third and inner coat of the eye which is a light-sensitive layer of tissue. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina (through the cornea and lens), which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses. These are sent to various visual centres of the brain through the fibres of the optic nerve.In vertebrate embryonic development, the retina and the optic nerve originate as outgrowths of the developing brain, so the retina is considered part of the central nervous system (CNS) and is actually brain tissue. It is the only part of the CNS that can be visualized non-invasively.The retina is a layered structure with several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses. The only neurons that are directly sensitive to light are the photoreceptor cells. These are mainly of two types: the rods and cones. Rods function mainly in dim light and provide black-and-white vision, while cones support daytime vision and the perception of colour. A third, much rarer type of photoreceptor, the intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cell, is important for reflexive responses to bright daylight.Neural signals from the rods and cones undergo processing by other neurons of the retina. The output takes the form of action potentials in retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. Several important features of visual perception can be traced to the retinal encoding and processing of light.