1 RUNNING HEAD: AYAHUASCA AND TREATING ADDICTION
... There are many theories behind what contributes to a drug addiction because of its complexity. Most theories include the “reward pathway” or the mesolimbic pathway, in which dopamine is the primary neurotransmitter (Stahl 2008: 272). This pathway consists of three interconnected areas, which include ...
... There are many theories behind what contributes to a drug addiction because of its complexity. Most theories include the “reward pathway” or the mesolimbic pathway, in which dopamine is the primary neurotransmitter (Stahl 2008: 272). This pathway consists of three interconnected areas, which include ...
Anticipatory looks reveal expectations about discourse relations H
... finds that listeners’ looks during sentences containing coherence-biasing verbs reveal expectations about upcoming sentence types. This work extends existing research on prediction beyond sentence-internal structure and provides a new methodology for examining the cues that comprehenders use to esta ...
... finds that listeners’ looks during sentences containing coherence-biasing verbs reveal expectations about upcoming sentence types. This work extends existing research on prediction beyond sentence-internal structure and provides a new methodology for examining the cues that comprehenders use to esta ...
The Impact of Information Processing Goals and Capacity Restrictions on Attitude-Memory by
... The case for congeniality was furthered by Gordon Allport (1935) who made assumption of attitude-memory effects evident in his definition of attitudes and in the assertions that he put forward, as seen in the Handbook of Social Psychology. By 1948, the notion of congeniality effects was so pervasive ...
... The case for congeniality was furthered by Gordon Allport (1935) who made assumption of attitude-memory effects evident in his definition of attitudes and in the assertions that he put forward, as seen in the Handbook of Social Psychology. By 1948, the notion of congeniality effects was so pervasive ...
Hemispheric Differences in the Activation of
... Language comprehension, like most cognitive abilities, involves the coordination of multiple distinct processes that occur in both cerebral hemispheres. Comprehension requires the decoding of words and propositions in a sentence as well as the use of world knowledge retrieved from long-term memory. ...
... Language comprehension, like most cognitive abilities, involves the coordination of multiple distinct processes that occur in both cerebral hemispheres. Comprehension requires the decoding of words and propositions in a sentence as well as the use of world knowledge retrieved from long-term memory. ...
... approximately 15 minutes to memorize the route and were then asked about six random numbers that corresponded to places in the route. Participants were also informed the words are presented for 5000 ms and that during that time they should form an image applying the method of loci. In case they were ...
Negative Framing Enhances Attitude Strength
... one-sided message. In a study ostensibly about evaluating advertisements, participants read several attributes about a bicycle, all but one of which were very positive. Some participants were presented with a two-sided frame: Atop the list of positive attributes was the phrase “product pros,” while ...
... one-sided message. In a study ostensibly about evaluating advertisements, participants read several attributes about a bicycle, all but one of which were very positive. Some participants were presented with a two-sided frame: Atop the list of positive attributes was the phrase “product pros,” while ...
The Politics of the Source - The Official Peer
... was affected by the availability of opinion-based news sources and the audience's increasing desire for the latter (Perlmutter, 2008). What is not clear is whether a consumer is more willing to trust an established source, or if the information that the source covers is credible, even if it runs cou ...
... was affected by the availability of opinion-based news sources and the audience's increasing desire for the latter (Perlmutter, 2008). What is not clear is whether a consumer is more willing to trust an established source, or if the information that the source covers is credible, even if it runs cou ...
MODULE 3: Leader and Follower Relations
... Ask participants to explain their motivations for being in the Youth Leadership Development Program. Ask them to share their responses within their groups, using the round robin technique. Once this is done, ask the group to take 15 minutes to compare and contrast the motivations. Ask particip ...
... Ask participants to explain their motivations for being in the Youth Leadership Development Program. Ask them to share their responses within their groups, using the round robin technique. Once this is done, ask the group to take 15 minutes to compare and contrast the motivations. Ask particip ...
Facial Expression Recognition, Fear Conditioning, and Startle
... Results: Compared with control subjects, participants with CD showed impaired recognition of anger and disgust but no differences in facial identity recognition. Impaired sadness recognition was observed in CD participants high in psychopathic traits relative to those lower in psychopathic traits. P ...
... Results: Compared with control subjects, participants with CD showed impaired recognition of anger and disgust but no differences in facial identity recognition. Impaired sadness recognition was observed in CD participants high in psychopathic traits relative to those lower in psychopathic traits. P ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the
... the initial reactivity to an emotional stimulus (especially negative; see Lindquist et al., 2012 for review) and have been shown to exhibit prolonged duration of activation in enduring emotional situations (Herry et al., 2007; Waugh et al., 2010). C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib (unpublished data) also f ...
... the initial reactivity to an emotional stimulus (especially negative; see Lindquist et al., 2012 for review) and have been shown to exhibit prolonged duration of activation in enduring emotional situations (Herry et al., 2007; Waugh et al., 2010). C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib (unpublished data) also f ...
Cognitive Psychology
... Participants read a story from the perspective of either a burglar or potential home buyer. After they had recalled as much as they could of the story from the perspective they had been given, they were shifted to the alternative perspective (schema) and were asked to recall the story again. ...
... Participants read a story from the perspective of either a burglar or potential home buyer. After they had recalled as much as they could of the story from the perspective they had been given, they were shifted to the alternative perspective (schema) and were asked to recall the story again. ...
Dyadic Cooperation Enhances Retrieval and Recall of Crossword Solutions
... recall of correct items, collaborators can even introduce the recall of incorrect items. When a confederate collaborator misleadingly recalled an incorrect item, participants later recalled that item themselves, as if it had been in the original recall list (Roediger, Meade & Bergman, 2001). This ef ...
... recall of correct items, collaborators can even introduce the recall of incorrect items. When a confederate collaborator misleadingly recalled an incorrect item, participants later recalled that item themselves, as if it had been in the original recall list (Roediger, Meade & Bergman, 2001). This ef ...
Evolved Disease-Avoidance Mechanisms and Contemporary
... target groups marked by characteristics connoting foreign-ness. These effects are less likely to occur on measures that assess nontarget-specific attitudes. All studies included target-specific attitude measures to test the predictions. In addition, several studies included additional measures that ...
... target groups marked by characteristics connoting foreign-ness. These effects are less likely to occur on measures that assess nontarget-specific attitudes. All studies included target-specific attitude measures to test the predictions. In addition, several studies included additional measures that ...
The Interplay between Admissibility and the Standard of Proof
... that would capture relative incidence of a disease for instance. In a civil case, the “standard of proof” requires that the incidence in the exposed population be greater than double the general population in order to infer that the individual in question had a greater than 50% chance of having beco ...
... that would capture relative incidence of a disease for instance. In a civil case, the “standard of proof” requires that the incidence in the exposed population be greater than double the general population in order to infer that the individual in question had a greater than 50% chance of having beco ...
Clinical Trials Webinar FAQ - Foundation for Prader
... Once you have identified what clinical trial opportunities are available, the next step is to see if you meet the general inclusion/exclusion criteria (“Eligibility”). This information can be found on the clinicaltrials.gov page for each individual trial and may include such things as: age, BMI, med ...
... Once you have identified what clinical trial opportunities are available, the next step is to see if you meet the general inclusion/exclusion criteria (“Eligibility”). This information can be found on the clinicaltrials.gov page for each individual trial and may include such things as: age, BMI, med ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the maintenance of emotional
... the initial reactivity to an emotional stimulus (especially negative; see Lindquist et al., 2012 for review) and have been shown to exhibit prolonged duration of activation in enduring emotional situations (Herry et al., 2007; Waugh et al., 2010). C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib (unpublished data) also f ...
... the initial reactivity to an emotional stimulus (especially negative; see Lindquist et al., 2012 for review) and have been shown to exhibit prolonged duration of activation in enduring emotional situations (Herry et al., 2007; Waugh et al., 2010). C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib (unpublished data) also f ...
Observation and Interviewing
... “catch a glimpse of people in their natural behavior before they see you coming”. ...
... “catch a glimpse of people in their natural behavior before they see you coming”. ...
Introduction: - Hodder Education
... Another advantage of physiological psychology is the use of objective, quantitative research methods, such as twin and family studies where comparisons of MZ and DZ twins are used to determine whether or not behaviours are genetically inherited or environmentally determined. Also, brain scans that s ...
... Another advantage of physiological psychology is the use of objective, quantitative research methods, such as twin and family studies where comparisons of MZ and DZ twins are used to determine whether or not behaviours are genetically inherited or environmentally determined. Also, brain scans that s ...
On the conjunction fallacy in probability judgment: New
... of Kahneman and Tversky indicate systematic errors committed by individuals acting in isolation and without monetary incentives, which is seldom the case in real life. However, our evidence indicates that these errors are substantially reduced by both consultation and monetary incentives. Thus, whil ...
... of Kahneman and Tversky indicate systematic errors committed by individuals acting in isolation and without monetary incentives, which is seldom the case in real life. However, our evidence indicates that these errors are substantially reduced by both consultation and monetary incentives. Thus, whil ...
The Dopamine Transporter and Risk-Taking Behavior
... that some people have more difficulty quitting than others. It is clear that not every individual responds to substance use the same. One difference that has been mentioned is that of genetics. Understanding the pieces of the genetic contribution to the predisposition of substance abuse can do many ...
... that some people have more difficulty quitting than others. It is clear that not every individual responds to substance use the same. One difference that has been mentioned is that of genetics. Understanding the pieces of the genetic contribution to the predisposition of substance abuse can do many ...
Experiential thanatopsis for widows in later life
... These patterns clearly assess the current level of ...
... These patterns clearly assess the current level of ...
Performing biospheric futures with younger generations: a case in
... As noted by Meadows et al. (1992), vision without action is useless, but action without vision “does not know where to go or why to go there.” Visioning plays a crucial role in building the future and when merged with critical thinking, it has the potential to connect with people’s motives and aspir ...
... As noted by Meadows et al. (1992), vision without action is useless, but action without vision “does not know where to go or why to go there.” Visioning plays a crucial role in building the future and when merged with critical thinking, it has the potential to connect with people’s motives and aspir ...
Autobiographical memory for spatial location is
... of semester schedules from approximately 12–36 months previously. Consistently, recall of where a class was held was more accurately recalled than what the class was named, who taught it, or when it started. However, although these data were from everyday experience, the authors argue that performan ...
... of semester schedules from approximately 12–36 months previously. Consistently, recall of where a class was held was more accurately recalled than what the class was named, who taught it, or when it started. However, although these data were from everyday experience, the authors argue that performan ...
Paper
... using incentives could be receiving money for bringing re-useable bags to be used at the store. On the other hand a disincentive could be being charged for each plastic bag used at the store. Both of those examples would encourage people to use re-useable bags (McKenzie-Mohr, 2013). Using social nor ...
... using incentives could be receiving money for bringing re-useable bags to be used at the store. On the other hand a disincentive could be being charged for each plastic bag used at the store. Both of those examples would encourage people to use re-useable bags (McKenzie-Mohr, 2013). Using social nor ...
The Science of Psychology
... project to compete for an award (prizes). • Control group – instructed to make project for fun; prizes would be raffled off. • Results supported hypothesis: those competing for extrinsic reward were less creative. Menu ...
... project to compete for an award (prizes). • Control group – instructed to make project for fun; prizes would be raffled off. • Results supported hypothesis: those competing for extrinsic reward were less creative. Menu ...
Confirmation bias
Confirmation bias, also called myside bias, is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's beliefs or hypotheses while giving disproportionately less attention to information that contradicts it. It is a type of cognitive bias and a systematic error of inductive reasoning. People display this bias when they gather or remember information selectively, or when they interpret it in a biased way. The effect is stronger for emotionally charged issues and for deeply entrenched beliefs. People also tend to interpret ambiguous evidence as supporting their existing position. Biased search, interpretation and memory have been invoked to explain attitude polarization (when a disagreement becomes more extreme even though the different parties are exposed to the same evidence), belief perseverance (when beliefs persist after the evidence for them is shown to be false), the irrational primacy effect (a greater reliance on information encountered early in a series) and illusory correlation (when people falsely perceive an association between two events or situations).A series of experiments in the 1960s suggested that people are biased toward confirming their existing beliefs. Later work re-interpreted these results as a tendency to test ideas in a one-sided way, focusing on one possibility and ignoring alternatives. In certain situations, this tendency can bias people's conclusions. Explanations for the observed biases include wishful thinking and the limited human capacity to process information. Another explanation is that people show confirmation bias because they are weighing up the costs of being wrong, rather than investigating in a neutral, scientific way.Confirmation biases contribute to overconfidence in personal beliefs and can maintain or strengthen beliefs in the face of contrary evidence. Poor decisions due to these biases have been found in political and organizational contexts.