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Circuit Loading and the OP AMP
Circuit Loading and the OP AMP

Evaluates:  MAX109 MAX109 Evaluation Kit General Description Features
Evaluates: MAX109 MAX109 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

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ADXL202 - Senior Design
ADXL202 - Senior Design

... data sheet, a value of 0.47µF gives a -3dB of 10Hz. For MicroCART, the low bandwidth will filter out any vibrations that have a frequency higher than 10Hz. This takes care of a lot of problems that could occur due to vibration. The bandwidth of the ADXL202 is 0.01Hz to 5 kHz. If 10Hz bandwidth doesn ...
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... The selection for the optimum interface configuration will depend on the individual application requirements and system structure. For example, communications applications often process a band of frequencies that do not include DC, whereas in imaging applications, the previously restored DC level mu ...
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... 4. HI-Z Input: The front panel ¼” input sends the instrument's signal through the entire preamp circuit including the input transformer, discrete opamp (operational amplifier) and output transformer. The thorough layout of the HI-Z's signal path ensures that instruments are subject to the same robus ...
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Analog-to-digital converter



An analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts a continuous physical quantity (usually voltage) to a digital number that represents the quantity's amplitude.The conversion involves quantization of the input, so it necessarily introduces a small amount of error. Furthermore, instead of continuously performing the conversion, an ADC does the conversion periodically, sampling the input. The result is a sequence of digital values that have been converted from a continuous-time and continuous-amplitude analog signal to a discrete-time and discrete-amplitude digital signal.An ADC is defined by its bandwidth (the range of frequencies it can measure) and its signal to noise ratio (how accurately it can measure a signal relative to the noise it introduces). The actual bandwidth of an ADC is characterized primarily by its sampling rate, and to a lesser extent by how it handles errors such as aliasing. The dynamic range of an ADC is influenced by many factors, including the resolution (the number of output levels it can quantize a signal to), linearity and accuracy (how well the quantization levels match the true analog signal) and jitter (small timing errors that introduce additional noise). The dynamic range of an ADC is often summarized in terms of its effective number of bits (ENOB), the number of bits of each measure it returns that are on average not noise. An ideal ADC has an ENOB equal to its resolution. ADCs are chosen to match the bandwidth and required signal to noise ratio of the signal to be quantized. If an ADC operates at a sampling rate greater than twice the bandwidth of the signal, then perfect reconstruction is possible given an ideal ADC and neglecting quantization error. The presence of quantization error limits the dynamic range of even an ideal ADC, however, if the dynamic range of the ADC exceeds that of the input signal, its effects may be neglected resulting in an essentially perfect digital representation of the input signal.An ADC may also provide an isolated measurement such as an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to a digital number proportional to the magnitude of the voltage or current. However, some non-electronic or only partially electronic devices, such as rotary encoders, can also be considered ADCs. The digital output may use different coding schemes. Typically the digital output will be a two's complement binary number that is proportional to the input, but there are other possibilities. An encoder, for example, might output a Gray code.The inverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
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