Upregulated insulin secretion in insulin-resistant
... compensatory up-regulation of insulin secretion during conditions of insulin resistance in mice and examined the influence of GPR119 activation, which during recent years have been explored as a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (Overton, et al. 2008). We used the well-characteri ...
... compensatory up-regulation of insulin secretion during conditions of insulin resistance in mice and examined the influence of GPR119 activation, which during recent years have been explored as a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (Overton, et al. 2008). We used the well-characteri ...
Assessment and monitoring of glycemic control in children and
... indicate insulin deficiency and risk for metabolic decompensation leading to ketoacidosis. The presence of vomiting with hyperglycemia and large urinary ketones must be assumed to be because of systemic acidosis and requires further evaluation (70) (E). Urine, in contrast to blood ketone testing, is ...
... indicate insulin deficiency and risk for metabolic decompensation leading to ketoacidosis. The presence of vomiting with hyperglycemia and large urinary ketones must be assumed to be because of systemic acidosis and requires further evaluation (70) (E). Urine, in contrast to blood ketone testing, is ...
Defining the Ideal Injection Techniques When Using 5
... acceptance and tolerability of insulin therapy, potentially leading to increased treatment compliance. Possible concerns regarding smaller needles include greater insulin leakage or back flow. This issue was assessed in a previous study of lean children and adults using 4-mm needles, and such proble ...
... acceptance and tolerability of insulin therapy, potentially leading to increased treatment compliance. Possible concerns regarding smaller needles include greater insulin leakage or back flow. This issue was assessed in a previous study of lean children and adults using 4-mm needles, and such proble ...
et al. Diabetes Care
... Insulin glargine, marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the name Lantus, is a long-acting basal insulin analogue, given once daily to help control the blood sugar level of those with diabetes. It consists of microcrystals that slowly release insulin, giving a long duration of action of 18 to 26 hours, w ...
... Insulin glargine, marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the name Lantus, is a long-acting basal insulin analogue, given once daily to help control the blood sugar level of those with diabetes. It consists of microcrystals that slowly release insulin, giving a long duration of action of 18 to 26 hours, w ...
Insulin - Diabetes Care - American Diabetes Association
... The person administering insulin should inspect the bottle before each use for changes (i.e., clumping, frosting, precipitation, or change in clarity or color) that may signify a loss in potency. Visual examination should reveal rapid- and short-acting insulins as well as insulin glargine to be clea ...
... The person administering insulin should inspect the bottle before each use for changes (i.e., clumping, frosting, precipitation, or change in clarity or color) that may signify a loss in potency. Visual examination should reveal rapid- and short-acting insulins as well as insulin glargine to be clea ...
independent work of the students
... chorionic gonadotropin, is only a temporary endocrine gland. The endocrine glands secrete chemicals known as hormones directly into the bloodstream. Because the glands have no ducts, they are sometimes called ductless glands, in contrast to exocrine, or duct glands. The autonomic nervous system con ...
... chorionic gonadotropin, is only a temporary endocrine gland. The endocrine glands secrete chemicals known as hormones directly into the bloodstream. Because the glands have no ducts, they are sometimes called ductless glands, in contrast to exocrine, or duct glands. The autonomic nervous system con ...
Glucose Metabolism and Regulation: Beyond Insulin and Glucagon
... liver to stop producing glucose via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (Table 1). All of these actions reduce blood glucose.13 Other actions of insulin include the stimulation of fat synthesis, promotion of triglyceride storage in fat cells, promotion of protein synthesis in the liver and muscle, an ...
... liver to stop producing glucose via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (Table 1). All of these actions reduce blood glucose.13 Other actions of insulin include the stimulation of fat synthesis, promotion of triglyceride storage in fat cells, promotion of protein synthesis in the liver and muscle, an ...
Evaluation of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Non
... apoptotic pathways in injured tissues and during disease processes. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate growth differentiation factor-15 in non-diabetic hypothyroid patients with normal insulin sensitivity. Subjects and Methods: The case-control study comprised of 85 subjects as a total, ...
... apoptotic pathways in injured tissues and during disease processes. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate growth differentiation factor-15 in non-diabetic hypothyroid patients with normal insulin sensitivity. Subjects and Methods: The case-control study comprised of 85 subjects as a total, ...
Effect of Ghrelin Antagonist on Serum Testosterone and Luteinizing
... levels.8 The quantitative and qualitative efficacy of leydig cells is also decreased. There is decrease in the expression of glucose transporter type 3 (GLUT3) on leydig cells. In addition there is also decrease in its tyrosine phosphorylation activity leading to loss of its function.9 Obesity may a ...
... levels.8 The quantitative and qualitative efficacy of leydig cells is also decreased. There is decrease in the expression of glucose transporter type 3 (GLUT3) on leydig cells. In addition there is also decrease in its tyrosine phosphorylation activity leading to loss of its function.9 Obesity may a ...
Insulin Resistance of Protein Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes
... the clamp. Energy in glycosuria was added daily (50% glucose polymer and 50% canola oil). Waist and hip circumferences were measured according to World Health Organization criteria (26). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (RJL-101A; RJL Systems, Detroit, MI) using equa ...
... the clamp. Energy in glycosuria was added daily (50% glucose polymer and 50% canola oil). Waist and hip circumferences were measured according to World Health Organization criteria (26). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (RJL-101A; RJL Systems, Detroit, MI) using equa ...
Disorders of potassium balance Zhao Chenghai Pathophysiology
... Treatment of hypokalemia • Increasing the intake of foods high in potassium content • Oral potassium supplements • Giving potassium intravenously when rapid replacement is needed. – Only if the renal function is adequate ...
... Treatment of hypokalemia • Increasing the intake of foods high in potassium content • Oral potassium supplements • Giving potassium intravenously when rapid replacement is needed. – Only if the renal function is adequate ...
For more information on accessing electronic
... activation-specific transcriptions factors, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β, interferon regulatory factor 4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor was decreased in A2BAR deficient mice. Furthermore, inin vitro studies, we found that stimulation of A2BARs suppressed free fatty aci ...
... activation-specific transcriptions factors, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β, interferon regulatory factor 4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor was decreased in A2BAR deficient mice. Furthermore, inin vitro studies, we found that stimulation of A2BARs suppressed free fatty aci ...
insulin and glucagon responses in the hibernating black bear
... mechanism(s) as yet unknown. One possible explanation is that the decrease in the glomerular filtration rate during hibernation (Brown et al. 1971) results in a decrease in insulin clearanceby the kidney. It would be interesting to speculate that the delay in insulin disappearancemay help ...
... mechanism(s) as yet unknown. One possible explanation is that the decrease in the glomerular filtration rate during hibernation (Brown et al. 1971) results in a decrease in insulin clearanceby the kidney. It would be interesting to speculate that the delay in insulin disappearancemay help ...
Cortisol, Insulin and Your Health
... a partial list. The important cardiovascular and metabolic impacts of high cortisol are detailed below. Insulin opens your cell wall membranes to take in glucose. It does this by stimulating insulin receptor sites embedded in the cell walls. Insulin is a storage hormone. It acts to move glucose into ...
... a partial list. The important cardiovascular and metabolic impacts of high cortisol are detailed below. Insulin opens your cell wall membranes to take in glucose. It does this by stimulating insulin receptor sites embedded in the cell walls. Insulin is a storage hormone. It acts to move glucose into ...
PITUITARY DISORDERS
... • Dx with: ↓ a.m. testosterone or estradiol (also assess SHBG, esp. in obese) and ↓ or normal FSH/LH (all levels ↓ in acute illness, ∴ do not measure in hospitalized Pts) • Treatment: testosterone or estrogen replacement vs. correction of the underlying cause ↓ ADH (hypothalamic or stalk disease): ...
... • Dx with: ↓ a.m. testosterone or estradiol (also assess SHBG, esp. in obese) and ↓ or normal FSH/LH (all levels ↓ in acute illness, ∴ do not measure in hospitalized Pts) • Treatment: testosterone or estrogen replacement vs. correction of the underlying cause ↓ ADH (hypothalamic or stalk disease): ...
Airgas template
... Rationale: Nephropathy and retinopathy are caused by increased blood glucose levels that cause binding of excess glucose to the basement membranes of the blood vessels of the kidneys and eyes. Neuropathy is due to swelling and demyelination of nervous tissue. ...
... Rationale: Nephropathy and retinopathy are caused by increased blood glucose levels that cause binding of excess glucose to the basement membranes of the blood vessels of the kidneys and eyes. Neuropathy is due to swelling and demyelination of nervous tissue. ...
Disorders of Growth Hormone The Pituitary Gland Growth Hormone
... • May be prone to DKA • Diabetic cats with acromegaly • Weight gain despite poor regulation, robust muscle tone • Often have good haircoat quality • Rarely suffer from DKA, despite poor regulation • Cats do well as long as they have access to water to prevent dehydration, have no devastating litter ...
... • May be prone to DKA • Diabetic cats with acromegaly • Weight gain despite poor regulation, robust muscle tone • Often have good haircoat quality • Rarely suffer from DKA, despite poor regulation • Cats do well as long as they have access to water to prevent dehydration, have no devastating litter ...
PowerPoint - Growth Hormone Disturbances
... • May be prone to DKA • Diabetic cats with acromegaly • Weight gain despite poor regulation, robust muscle tone • Often have good haircoat quality • Rarely suffer from DKA, despite poor regulation • Cats do well as long as they have access to water to prevent dehydration, have no devastating litter ...
... • May be prone to DKA • Diabetic cats with acromegaly • Weight gain despite poor regulation, robust muscle tone • Often have good haircoat quality • Rarely suffer from DKA, despite poor regulation • Cats do well as long as they have access to water to prevent dehydration, have no devastating litter ...
Chapter033
... Nephropathy and retinopathy are caused by increased blood glucose levels that cause binding of excess glucose to the basement membranes of the blood vessels of the kidneys and eyes. Neuropathy is due to swelling and demyelination of nervous tissue. ...
... Nephropathy and retinopathy are caused by increased blood glucose levels that cause binding of excess glucose to the basement membranes of the blood vessels of the kidneys and eyes. Neuropathy is due to swelling and demyelination of nervous tissue. ...
Neural control of the endocrine pancreas
... trunk innervate the pancreas, and nerve networks can be seen adjacent to some islets (Plate I). However, there is sparse ultrastructural evidence for a functional continuity between the nerves and the endocrine cells. Peptidergic neurones containing vaso-active intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (Bishop e ...
... trunk innervate the pancreas, and nerve networks can be seen adjacent to some islets (Plate I). However, there is sparse ultrastructural evidence for a functional continuity between the nerves and the endocrine cells. Peptidergic neurones containing vaso-active intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (Bishop e ...
The Endocrine Pancreas
... glucose within the beta cell. Elevated concentrations of glucose within the beta cell ultimately leads to membrane depolarization and an influx of extracellular calcium. The resulting increase in intracellular calcium is one of the primary triggers for exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory gran ...
... glucose within the beta cell. Elevated concentrations of glucose within the beta cell ultimately leads to membrane depolarization and an influx of extracellular calcium. The resulting increase in intracellular calcium is one of the primary triggers for exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory gran ...
Endocrine Functions of Pancreas O B J E C T I V E S After reading
... Insulin Deficiency Causes Lipolysis of Storage Fat and Releaseof Free Fatty Acids. In the absence of insulin, all the effects of insulin noted earlier that cause storage of fat are reversed. The most important effect is that the enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase in the fat cells becomes strongly activ ...
... Insulin Deficiency Causes Lipolysis of Storage Fat and Releaseof Free Fatty Acids. In the absence of insulin, all the effects of insulin noted earlier that cause storage of fat are reversed. The most important effect is that the enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase in the fat cells becomes strongly activ ...
Feline Diabetes Mellitis – The 2010 approach
... The long-acting insulin’s, glargine [Lantus] and detemir [Levemir], maximize the probability of remission. Cats presented with diabetic ketoacidosis can be treated with subcutaneous glargine during stabilisation. Glargine is started at 0.25 to 0.5 IU/kg q12h and blood glucose levels should be obtain ...
... The long-acting insulin’s, glargine [Lantus] and detemir [Levemir], maximize the probability of remission. Cats presented with diabetic ketoacidosis can be treated with subcutaneous glargine during stabilisation. Glargine is started at 0.25 to 0.5 IU/kg q12h and blood glucose levels should be obtain ...
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication in patients with diabetes mellitus. It happens predominantly in those with type 1 diabetes, but it can occur in those with type 2 diabetes under certain circumstances. DKA results from a shortage of insulin; in response the body switches to burning fatty acids and producing acidic ketone bodies that cause most of the symptoms and complications.DKA may be the first symptom of previously undiagnosed diabetes, but it may also occur in people known to have diabetes as a result of a variety of causes, such as intercurrent illness or poor compliance with insulin therapy. Vomiting, dehydration, deep gasping breathing, confusion and occasionally coma are typical symptoms. DKA is diagnosed with blood and urine tests; it is distinguished from other, rarer forms of ketoacidosis by the presence of high blood sugar levels. Treatment involves intravenous fluids to correct dehydration, insulin to suppress the production of ketone bodies, treatment for any underlying causes such as infections, and close observation to prevent and identify complications.DKA is a medical emergency, and without treatment it can lead to death. DKA was first described in 1886; until the introduction of insulin therapy in the 1920s, it was almost universally fatal. It now carries a mortality of less than 1% with adequate and timely treatment.