Examination of the Patient—III - A global community of learning
... (the fovea of one eye and the peripheral retina of the other eye) and therefore are seen in different visual directions; that is, they are seen double (Fig. 13–1B). The first phenomenon is termed confusion96; the second, diplopia. Strictly speaking, confusion and diplopia are not abnormal. They are ...
... (the fovea of one eye and the peripheral retina of the other eye) and therefore are seen in different visual directions; that is, they are seen double (Fig. 13–1B). The first phenomenon is termed confusion96; the second, diplopia. Strictly speaking, confusion and diplopia are not abnormal. They are ...
Visual Field Testing
... AUTOMATED PERIMETRY is a visual field exam in which the patient sits in front of a concave dome and stares at a central target within the dome. A computer-driven program flashes small lights at different locations within the dome’s surface, and the patient presses a button when he/she sees the small ...
... AUTOMATED PERIMETRY is a visual field exam in which the patient sits in front of a concave dome and stares at a central target within the dome. A computer-driven program flashes small lights at different locations within the dome’s surface, and the patient presses a button when he/she sees the small ...
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
... drinks per day) has been linked to an elevated risk of AMD,35 and high alcohol consumption (>3 drinks per day) is associated with a significantly increased risk of early AMD development.36 Medication. Regular and long-term ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid may raise the risk of developing neovascula ...
... drinks per day) has been linked to an elevated risk of AMD,35 and high alcohol consumption (>3 drinks per day) is associated with a significantly increased risk of early AMD development.36 Medication. Regular and long-term ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid may raise the risk of developing neovascula ...
View Sample Lesson in Word Format
... of the anterior chamber is the iris, a thin membrane that gives the eye its color. The opening in the center of the iris is called the pupil, and it appears as a dark circle. By controlling the size of the pupil, the iris regulates the amount of light that reaches the retina. Light passes through t ...
... of the anterior chamber is the iris, a thin membrane that gives the eye its color. The opening in the center of the iris is called the pupil, and it appears as a dark circle. By controlling the size of the pupil, the iris regulates the amount of light that reaches the retina. Light passes through t ...
Vision Screening Guidelines
... states: “The child or youth who is suspected to be in need of special education is assessed in all areas related to the suspected disability, including, where appropriate, health, vision, hearing, social and emotional status, general intelligence, academic performance, communicative status, and moto ...
... states: “The child or youth who is suspected to be in need of special education is assessed in all areas related to the suspected disability, including, where appropriate, health, vision, hearing, social and emotional status, general intelligence, academic performance, communicative status, and moto ...
the complete pattern of ocular dominance stripes in the striate cortex
... included, is shown in Figure 1A. Dotted lines in Figure 1A denote the major lines of folding that exist in ho. The locations of the six recording sites are also indicated on the map; receptive field locations for these sites are shown in Figure 1B. The second, manual, method of reconstruction has be ...
... included, is shown in Figure 1A. Dotted lines in Figure 1A denote the major lines of folding that exist in ho. The locations of the six recording sites are also indicated on the map; receptive field locations for these sites are shown in Figure 1B. The second, manual, method of reconstruction has be ...
Perfluorocarbon Liquid-Assisted External Drainage in the
... treatment, however the exudative detachment developed so fast that leakage spots were all soon covered by subretinal fluid before the laser could be applied. On November 6, 2001, transscleral drainage of the subretinal fluid was performed in the left eye. Because the subretinal fluid migrated to the ...
... treatment, however the exudative detachment developed so fast that leakage spots were all soon covered by subretinal fluid before the laser could be applied. On November 6, 2001, transscleral drainage of the subretinal fluid was performed in the left eye. Because the subretinal fluid migrated to the ...
Poster Session/ Cornea surgery, refractive
... the MEL80 excimer laser. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 798 consecutive high hyperopic LASIK procedures (651 patients) using the MEL80 excimer laser and either the Hansatome microkeratome or VisuMax femtosecond laser. Inclusion criteria were attempted maximum hyperopic meridian ≥+4.00D, CDVA 20/ ...
... the MEL80 excimer laser. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 798 consecutive high hyperopic LASIK procedures (651 patients) using the MEL80 excimer laser and either the Hansatome microkeratome or VisuMax femtosecond laser. Inclusion criteria were attempted maximum hyperopic meridian ≥+4.00D, CDVA 20/ ...
Nontraumatic Corneal Perforation
... treated on the Cornea Service at the Wills Eye Hospital from February 1992 through January 1999 with at least three months follow-up, were reviewed retrospectively. If the patients had repeated episodes of corneal perforations in the same eye, only the first corneal perforation was analyzed. Diagnos ...
... treated on the Cornea Service at the Wills Eye Hospital from February 1992 through January 1999 with at least three months follow-up, were reviewed retrospectively. If the patients had repeated episodes of corneal perforations in the same eye, only the first corneal perforation was analyzed. Diagnos ...
Conventional versus custom ablation in photorefractive
... suggest that custom ablation is more sensitive to optical zone (OZ) size and may yield more aberrations with an OZ smaller than 6.0 mm. Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. J Cataract Refract Surg 2010; 36:637–643 Q 2010 ASCRS a ...
... suggest that custom ablation is more sensitive to optical zone (OZ) size and may yield more aberrations with an OZ smaller than 6.0 mm. Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. J Cataract Refract Surg 2010; 36:637–643 Q 2010 ASCRS a ...
Motion Information via the Nonfixating Eye Can Drive Optokinetic
... retinal error information from both eyes, and the choice of fixating eye is made according to the strength of retinal error representations from each eye. Economides et al.15 also examined fixation-switch behavior in human exotropes and showed a coupling between perceptual state and spatial patterns ...
... retinal error information from both eyes, and the choice of fixating eye is made according to the strength of retinal error representations from each eye. Economides et al.15 also examined fixation-switch behavior in human exotropes and showed a coupling between perceptual state and spatial patterns ...
Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers in Eye Health and Disease
... Protection against oxidative stress. L and Z, like all carotenoids, are potent antioxidants (for a review, see 91) and also reduce oxidative damage indirectly by light absorption (as described above). In the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), lens, ciliary body, and iris, the presence of oxidized met ...
... Protection against oxidative stress. L and Z, like all carotenoids, are potent antioxidants (for a review, see 91) and also reduce oxidative damage indirectly by light absorption (as described above). In the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), lens, ciliary body, and iris, the presence of oxidized met ...
DRY EYES - Texas Eye Plastics
... substitute complex composition of natural tears. The integrity of the three-layered lipid, aqueous, and mucin structure, vital to the effective functioning of the tear film is not reproduced. Artificial tears act by adding volume of the tear film, but they can only do this while they remain in conta ...
... substitute complex composition of natural tears. The integrity of the three-layered lipid, aqueous, and mucin structure, vital to the effective functioning of the tear film is not reproduced. Artificial tears act by adding volume of the tear film, but they can only do this while they remain in conta ...
DRY EYES - Texas Eye Plastics
... substitute complex composition of natural tears. The integrity of the three-layered lipid, aqueous, and mucin structure, vital to the effective functioning of the tear film is not reproduced. Artificial tears act by adding volume of the tear film, but they can only do this while they remain in conta ...
... substitute complex composition of natural tears. The integrity of the three-layered lipid, aqueous, and mucin structure, vital to the effective functioning of the tear film is not reproduced. Artificial tears act by adding volume of the tear film, but they can only do this while they remain in conta ...
Open angle glaucoma and non- central retinal vein occlusion – the
... Fig. 2. A: Right eye of a 33-year-old male (see case report) showing inferior hemispheric retinal vein occlusion. Note the thin collateral vessel along the temporal disk border connecting superior and inferior retinal veins. The disk has excavation extending to the superior rim. B: In the left eye ...
... Fig. 2. A: Right eye of a 33-year-old male (see case report) showing inferior hemispheric retinal vein occlusion. Note the thin collateral vessel along the temporal disk border connecting superior and inferior retinal veins. The disk has excavation extending to the superior rim. B: In the left eye ...
This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of the Eye
... light scattered results in a veil of straylight over the retinal image (see Figure 2). The patient’s complaints may include hazy vision, increased glare hindrance, loss of contrast and color, etc. If concomitant retinal pathology exists, as macular degeneration, retinal dystrophy, or glaucoma, the p ...
... light scattered results in a veil of straylight over the retinal image (see Figure 2). The patient’s complaints may include hazy vision, increased glare hindrance, loss of contrast and color, etc. If concomitant retinal pathology exists, as macular degeneration, retinal dystrophy, or glaucoma, the p ...
Gas Permeable Scleral Contact Lens And Therapeutic Soft Contact
... contact lenses are being evaluated in patients with corneal disease, including keratoconus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease, and in patients with reduced visual acuity after penetrating keratoplasty or other types of eye surgery. Scleral contact lenses create an el ...
... contact lenses are being evaluated in patients with corneal disease, including keratoconus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease, and in patients with reduced visual acuity after penetrating keratoplasty or other types of eye surgery. Scleral contact lenses create an el ...
TYPES OF STRABISMUS Pseudostrabismus. Heterophoria (latent
... they appear to be crossed. Often we observed the abnormality of the eyeballs structure or its placement in the orbits or changes in the eye protective apparatus. Pseudostrabismus is present, when the visual axis (connecting fixing object with the fovea) is different then the optic axis ( the line ru ...
... they appear to be crossed. Often we observed the abnormality of the eyeballs structure or its placement in the orbits or changes in the eye protective apparatus. Pseudostrabismus is present, when the visual axis (connecting fixing object with the fovea) is different then the optic axis ( the line ru ...
BOSTON KERATOPROSTHESIS TYPE I: INDICATIONS, LONG TERM RESULTS AND COMPLICATIONS
... keratoprosthesis because of several characteristics. In its colorless state, it is as optically clear as glass but is lighter in weight therefore can be supported by different kinds of haptics. It also has high breakage resistance and can be fabricated into different shapes. In this section we will ...
... keratoprosthesis because of several characteristics. In its colorless state, it is as optically clear as glass but is lighter in weight therefore can be supported by different kinds of haptics. It also has high breakage resistance and can be fabricated into different shapes. In this section we will ...
Corneal Opacity Management
... requires less rigid criteria for donor corneal tissue selection that is often weighted toward donor endothelium in PK. There are different methods of dissections of host cornea like ; direct Open Dissection (Anwar in 1972), closed Dissection (Melles Technique, 1999), dissection with Hydrodelaminatio ...
... requires less rigid criteria for donor corneal tissue selection that is often weighted toward donor endothelium in PK. There are different methods of dissections of host cornea like ; direct Open Dissection (Anwar in 1972), closed Dissection (Melles Technique, 1999), dissection with Hydrodelaminatio ...
Updated information on ophthalmology
... inferotemporal to the globe (absent in penguins and owls). In some birds, such as budgerigars, a nasal or salt gland lies in the orbit dorsomedial to the globe. The duct of this gland penetrates the frontal bone and enters the nasal cavity. ...
... inferotemporal to the globe (absent in penguins and owls). In some birds, such as budgerigars, a nasal or salt gland lies in the orbit dorsomedial to the globe. The duct of this gland penetrates the frontal bone and enters the nasal cavity. ...
esodeviations
... Pseudoesotropia is a condition, which only simulates squint. The eyes are straight ,however they appear to be crossed. In very young children wide, flat bridge of the nose and small folds of the eyelid skin or narrow interpupillary distance are frequent. Such a state may simulate convergent strabism ...
... Pseudoesotropia is a condition, which only simulates squint. The eyes are straight ,however they appear to be crossed. In very young children wide, flat bridge of the nose and small folds of the eyelid skin or narrow interpupillary distance are frequent. Such a state may simulate convergent strabism ...
THE LACRIMATION REFLEX
... right eye was then anaesthetised by means of several dropsI of 4 per cent. cocaine. Tear gas* was then directed on to the right eye by means of a scent.spray. No pain was felt in the eye and there was no lacrimation. The pad and bandage were then removed and the gas was projected on to both eyes. Gr ...
... right eye was then anaesthetised by means of several dropsI of 4 per cent. cocaine. Tear gas* was then directed on to the right eye by means of a scent.spray. No pain was felt in the eye and there was no lacrimation. The pad and bandage were then removed and the gas was projected on to both eyes. Gr ...
Screening for abnormal levels of hyperopia in held refractor
... were selected in a consecutive manner and labelled as controls. They had a fundus examination and were refracted under cycloplegia by MC, during the same session. Thus, a total of 220 children had cycloplegic refractive measurement. Their age distribution is shown in Figure 3. The first question in ...
... were selected in a consecutive manner and labelled as controls. They had a fundus examination and were refracted under cycloplegia by MC, during the same session. Thus, a total of 220 children had cycloplegic refractive measurement. Their age distribution is shown in Figure 3. The first question in ...
Visual impairment due to intracranial pressure
Spaceflight induced visual impairment is hypothesized to be a result of increased intracranial pressure. The study of visual changes and intracranial pressure (ICP) in astronauts on long-duration flights is a relatively recent topic of interest to Space Medicine professionals. Although reported signs and symptoms have not appeared to be severe enough to cause blindness in the near term, long term consequences of chronically elevated intracranial pressure is unknown.NASA has reported that fifteen long-duration male astronauts (45–55 years of age) have experienced confirmed visual and anatomical changes during or after long-duration flights. Optic disc edema, globe flattening, choroidal folds, hyperopic shifts and an increased intracranial pressure have been documented in these astronauts. Some individuals experienced transient changes post-flight while others have reported persistent changes with varying degrees of severity.Although the exact cause is not known at this time, it is suspected that microgravity-induced cephalad fluid shift and comparable physiological changes play a significant role in these changes. Other contributing factors may include pockets of increased CO2 and an increase in sodium intake. It seems unlikely that resistive or aerobic exercise are contributing factors, but they may be potential countermeasures to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) or intracranial pressure (ICP) in-flight.