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Experiment #68 — Phase Locked Loops, the Basics
Experiment #68 — Phase Locked Loops, the Basics

... itself. Phase refers to the relative two input signal frequencies, phase difference between an infA and fB, is cos(2π[fA – fB­] put signal and the loop’s internal t + θ), with θ representing the oscillator. Locked means that difference in phase between the oscillator’s phase maintains the signals. I ...
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... the varactor controlled by the charge pump and PLL loop dynamics provides fine frequency tuning. The high speed PLL dividers are implemented as CML logic and the low speed dividers in CMOS. The overall PLL architecture is a conventional Type II charge pump design. When both channels are active, four ...
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... • Capacitance – Removed the tiny capacitor in the base of the coil. Added a small 1-28pf trimmer across the coil pins, set it to a few pf and centered the coil slug. Measured the output of the mixer while clicking through all the channels - perfect lock on RX and TX across the whole range and a clea ...
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... (VCO), and a divider (divide by 16). An LVDS receiver and a CML driver are used as the input and output interface. The divider consists of a CML divider (divide by 2), a CML to CMOS converter, and a CMOS divider (divide by 8). The LVDS receiver, the phase frequency detector (PFD), the charge pump, t ...
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... when control bit ‘0’ PLL circuit will generate 100 MHz, when control bit ‘1’ the circuit will generate 100.1MHz.  After that the synthesized signal is used as the clock signal of data buffer or First-In FirstOut (FIFO) data buffer to drive out the data signal. ...
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Paper Title (use style: paper title)
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... loop control system that has the ability to generate a feedback signal whose phase and frequency are aligned to the phase and frequency of the reference signal at locked condition [1]-[3]. The charge pump phase locked loop (CPPLL) is widely used for its frequency sensitive error signal, as it can ai ...
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... output will then increase, causing the dc component of the filter output/VCO input voltage to increase • The increasing VCO input voltage causes an increase in the VCO output frequency, i.e., causing the output frequency to match the new input frequency • The phase angle thus stabilizes at a new equ ...
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Phase-locked loop

A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal. While there are several differing types, it is easy to initially visualize as an electronic circuit consisting of a variable frequency oscillator and a phase detector. The oscillator generates a periodic signal. The phase detector compares the phase of that signal with the phase of the input periodic signal and adjusts the oscillator to keep the phases matched. Bringing the output signal back toward the input signal for comparison is called a feedback loop since the output is ""fed back"" toward the input forming a loop.Keeping the input and output phase in lock step also implies keeping the input and output frequencies the same. Consequently, in addition to synchronizing signals, a phase-locked loop can track an input frequency, or it can generate a frequency that is a multiple of the input frequency. These properties are used for computer clock synchronization, demodulation, and frequency synthesis.Phase-locked loops are widely employed in radio, telecommunications, computers and other electronic applications. They can be used to demodulate a signal, recover a signal from a noisy communication channel, generate a stable frequency at multiples of an input frequency (frequency synthesis), or distribute precisely timed clock pulses in digital logic circuits such as microprocessors. Since a single integrated circuit can provide a complete phase-locked-loop building block, the technique is widely used in modern electronic devices, with output frequencies from a fraction of a hertz up to many gigahertz.
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