Jani Hakkarainen. Hume`s Scepticism and Realism: His Two
... when it comes to explaining why we think this (in 1.4 of the Treatise) Hume goes through great pains to demonstrate that neither the senses nor reason can supply us with our pre-philosophical belief which is, rather, the result of natural instinct (which combines with the imagination to resolve case ...
... when it comes to explaining why we think this (in 1.4 of the Treatise) Hume goes through great pains to demonstrate that neither the senses nor reason can supply us with our pre-philosophical belief which is, rather, the result of natural instinct (which combines with the imagination to resolve case ...
Social Consciousness
... thought, however, to lay the basis for the loss of what was most valuable in all earlier ways of approaching social reality. To characterize that change as succinctly as possible, thought became collectivized. The collectivization of labor during recent centuries has now been duplicated by the colle ...
... thought, however, to lay the basis for the loss of what was most valuable in all earlier ways of approaching social reality. To characterize that change as succinctly as possible, thought became collectivized. The collectivization of labor during recent centuries has now been duplicated by the colle ...
Why Identity is Fundamental1 - University of Miami College of Arts
... that identity is not defined for such an object⎯then it is not obvious what would make the object an individual rather than just an indistinguishable thing (indistinguishable from any other thing of the same kind, whatever it is). In either case, the link between identity and individuality is very ...
... that identity is not defined for such an object⎯then it is not obvious what would make the object an individual rather than just an indistinguishable thing (indistinguishable from any other thing of the same kind, whatever it is). In either case, the link between identity and individuality is very ...
The narrow notion of realism in human geography
... not thereby, by that very same token, create the entities, bring them to existence. Sayer comes close to this idea when he characterises realism as subscribing to the notion that ``the world exists independently of our knowledge of it'' (1992, page 5). What we would like to emphasise is that an obje ...
... not thereby, by that very same token, create the entities, bring them to existence. Sayer comes close to this idea when he characterises realism as subscribing to the notion that ``the world exists independently of our knowledge of it'' (1992, page 5). What we would like to emphasise is that an obje ...
James Hill`s `Descartes` Dreaming Argument and why we might be
... James Hill The sceptical argument about dreaming that Descartes puts forward in the First Meditation is a landmark in philosophy. It raises a problem that seems to be both of the utmost simplicity and to be devastating in its impact on our claims to know things about the world around us. In a single ...
... James Hill The sceptical argument about dreaming that Descartes puts forward in the First Meditation is a landmark in philosophy. It raises a problem that seems to be both of the utmost simplicity and to be devastating in its impact on our claims to know things about the world around us. In a single ...
Entitlement, Justification, and the Bootstrapping
... In Section I of this paper, I claim that both of these stances toward the bootstrapping problem are unacceptable. Against the first stance, instituting such a strict requirement on our ordinary perceptually based beliefs and memory based beliefs imposes an overintellectualized epistemology; intuitiv ...
... In Section I of this paper, I claim that both of these stances toward the bootstrapping problem are unacceptable. Against the first stance, instituting such a strict requirement on our ordinary perceptually based beliefs and memory based beliefs imposes an overintellectualized epistemology; intuitiv ...
A Defense of Epiphenomenalism
... John Searle, the philosopher who suggested the counter argument shown above, he gave us an example of engine. In that example, macroscopic understanding would be about a piston, an ignition system, a cylinder, and the explosion inside the cylinder. The microscopic understanding, on the other hand, w ...
... John Searle, the philosopher who suggested the counter argument shown above, he gave us an example of engine. In that example, macroscopic understanding would be about a piston, an ignition system, a cylinder, and the explosion inside the cylinder. The microscopic understanding, on the other hand, w ...
Animism Volume I Edited by Anselm Franke
... and culture, and the subsequent purification of each domain (by way of objectification), Latour asserts, make moderns “see double.” Every modern must take sides, and perceive the world either from the side of the object (where everything is fact), or of the subject (were everything is “made,” constr ...
... and culture, and the subsequent purification of each domain (by way of objectification), Latour asserts, make moderns “see double.” Every modern must take sides, and perceive the world either from the side of the object (where everything is fact), or of the subject (were everything is “made,” constr ...
PATOČKA`S CONCEPTION OF THE SUBJECT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
... being “inert.” To call it such is to say that, having occurred, it is incapable of newness. For Berkeley, this is the very opposite of soul or spirit considered as an active principle. We cannot capture its activity in an image or idea, since to do so would be to fix it and, hence, to lose it.xiv In ...
... being “inert.” To call it such is to say that, having occurred, it is incapable of newness. For Berkeley, this is the very opposite of soul or spirit considered as an active principle. We cannot capture its activity in an image or idea, since to do so would be to fix it and, hence, to lose it.xiv In ...
Cognitive Illusions and the Welcome Psychologism of Logicist
... that (3) is true; then by disjunctive syllogism on (3) and A we obtain that Betty is here (B). Suppose instead that (4) is true; then by disjunctive syllogism on (4) and C we obtain that Betty is here (B). Either way, contra Johnson-Laird, Betty is here.4 Bringsjord showed this simple proof (and o ...
... that (3) is true; then by disjunctive syllogism on (3) and A we obtain that Betty is here (B). Suppose instead that (4) is true; then by disjunctive syllogism on (4) and C we obtain that Betty is here (B). Either way, contra Johnson-Laird, Betty is here.4 Bringsjord showed this simple proof (and o ...
Phenomenal consciousness so-called
... distinctions between various senses of the word “consciousness”. As these provide various distinct destinations towards which our pilot might steer, I think it might actually be useful to experimenters to have some acquaintance with them. They can help sort out the different itineraries that all adv ...
... distinctions between various senses of the word “consciousness”. As these provide various distinct destinations towards which our pilot might steer, I think it might actually be useful to experimenters to have some acquaintance with them. They can help sort out the different itineraries that all adv ...
Chapter on Advertising
... it in our society. Given that is the case, we need to be capable of noticing their power, deconstructing their message, and assessing their impact. That’s where critical thinking skills come in. Goals: In this chapter we will look at key aspects of ads: assumptions, power and influence, and structur ...
... it in our society. Given that is the case, we need to be capable of noticing their power, deconstructing their message, and assessing their impact. That’s where critical thinking skills come in. Goals: In this chapter we will look at key aspects of ads: assumptions, power and influence, and structur ...
Sunflowers, Sardines and Responsive Combodying: Three
... makes itself out of those, and so, of course, it contains (it is) information about those. But it is not about soil and water just lying out there by themselves. Rather it is much more complex information about the plant’s living with those, making itself out of them.... ...
... makes itself out of those, and so, of course, it contains (it is) information about those. But it is not about soil and water just lying out there by themselves. Rather it is much more complex information about the plant’s living with those, making itself out of them.... ...
What Is an Image?
... while reading or dreaming, but we have only their word for this; there is no way (so the argument goes) to check up on this objectively. And even if we trust the reports of mental imagery, it seems clear that they must be different from real, material pictures. Mental images don't seem to be stable ...
... while reading or dreaming, but we have only their word for this; there is no way (so the argument goes) to check up on this objectively. And even if we trust the reports of mental imagery, it seems clear that they must be different from real, material pictures. Mental images don't seem to be stable ...
roberta de monticelli
... say, to stones or chairs): a kind of depth, hidden to sensory perception, yet in some measure accessible to other means of personal knowledge. This kind of depth is usually, although quite implicitly, felt to harbour the essence of a person as such – say, her « personality ». The uniqueness of perso ...
... say, to stones or chairs): a kind of depth, hidden to sensory perception, yet in some measure accessible to other means of personal knowledge. This kind of depth is usually, although quite implicitly, felt to harbour the essence of a person as such – say, her « personality ». The uniqueness of perso ...
Social-ecological systems as epistemic objects
... with different theoretical backgrounds, and different aims and objects. All of these share the conviction, however, that human activities have a strong and formative impact on the earth’s ecosystems, climate and hydrosphere – a claim encapsulated in the notion that we have entered a new geological e ...
... with different theoretical backgrounds, and different aims and objects. All of these share the conviction, however, that human activities have a strong and formative impact on the earth’s ecosystems, climate and hydrosphere – a claim encapsulated in the notion that we have entered a new geological e ...
Particular Values and Critical Morality
... to be concerned for the well-being of children generally. This latter principle requires each of us to be concerned about the welfare of every child. As such, it is agent neutral, because it gives each agent exactly the same object. Egoism provides another example of an agent-relative theory. Althou ...
... to be concerned for the well-being of children generally. This latter principle requires each of us to be concerned about the welfare of every child. As such, it is agent neutral, because it gives each agent exactly the same object. Egoism provides another example of an agent-relative theory. Althou ...
The Ethical Significance of the Aesthetic Experience of Non
... presents. The second component is a “doing,” or an active contribution to one‟s own experience. Both, according to Dewey, are imperative for the development of our potential for refinement in lived experience, which grounds our ethical and social efficacy. If we elaborate on Dewey‟s view, it seems ...
... presents. The second component is a “doing,” or an active contribution to one‟s own experience. Both, according to Dewey, are imperative for the development of our potential for refinement in lived experience, which grounds our ethical and social efficacy. If we elaborate on Dewey‟s view, it seems ...
Sound Not Light: Levinas and the Elements of Thought
... way can we understand this excessive and overflowing quality of the face? The question is a significant one. Indeed, we would argue that it is, in fact, through this point that we are brought to see how Levinas’ account of the face has import beyond what can be said only about our relations with oth ...
... way can we understand this excessive and overflowing quality of the face? The question is a significant one. Indeed, we would argue that it is, in fact, through this point that we are brought to see how Levinas’ account of the face has import beyond what can be said only about our relations with oth ...
The Nature of Social Reality - Cambridge Scholars Publishing
... of its main concepts. Searle’s approach continues to shape the debate, but his construction is more and more sharply dissected, both in its details and in its general assumptions. Furthermore, new perspectives, not rooted in analytical tradition, are taking place, so that not only alternative answer ...
... of its main concepts. Searle’s approach continues to shape the debate, but his construction is more and more sharply dissected, both in its details and in its general assumptions. Furthermore, new perspectives, not rooted in analytical tradition, are taking place, so that not only alternative answer ...
MODULE: Argument Analysis
... This is surely a good argument, but it is not valid. It is true that no baby in the past has ever been able to understand quantum physics. But it does not follow logically that Kitty's baby will not be able to do so. To see that the argument is not valid, note that it is not logically impossible for ...
... This is surely a good argument, but it is not valid. It is true that no baby in the past has ever been able to understand quantum physics. But it does not follow logically that Kitty's baby will not be able to do so. To see that the argument is not valid, note that it is not logically impossible for ...
Being free by losing control: What Obsessive
... OCD patients feel trapped: they want to free themselves of their obsessions and compulsions. But when the tension they experience gets too high, they feel they have to wash their hands, check the oven, or order their furniture – just to make the tension bearable. The daily lives of people with OCD a ...
... OCD patients feel trapped: they want to free themselves of their obsessions and compulsions. But when the tension they experience gets too high, they feel they have to wash their hands, check the oven, or order their furniture – just to make the tension bearable. The daily lives of people with OCD a ...
Thinking Through the Body, Educating for the Humanities: A Plea for
... intentionality or subjectivity is directed toward feeling another body part as an object of exploration. I both am body and have a body. In much of my experience, my body is simply the transparent source of perception or action and not an object of awareness. It is that from which and through which ...
... intentionality or subjectivity is directed toward feeling another body part as an object of exploration. I both am body and have a body. In much of my experience, my body is simply the transparent source of perception or action and not an object of awareness. It is that from which and through which ...
Naming the colours
... to include all that will be needed for what follows. The folk psychophysics of colour is common knowledge among us. In the same tacit way in which we believe the theory itself, we likewise believe that others around us all believe it too; and that they in turn ascribe belief in it to those around th ...
... to include all that will be needed for what follows. The folk psychophysics of colour is common knowledge among us. In the same tacit way in which we believe the theory itself, we likewise believe that others around us all believe it too; and that they in turn ascribe belief in it to those around th ...
No Self?: Some Reflections on Buddhist Theories of Personal Identity
... to them that things seemed to them. The existence of such beings “would show that the difference between zombies and us is just one of our taking all too seriously the merely useful device of self-representation.”13 But even if there could be — or even are — such beings, their existence would show n ...
... to them that things seemed to them. The existence of such beings “would show that the difference between zombies and us is just one of our taking all too seriously the merely useful device of self-representation.”13 But even if there could be — or even are — such beings, their existence would show n ...
Direct and indirect realism
The question of direct or ""naïve"" realism, as opposed to indirect or ""representational"" realism, arises in the philosophy of perception and of mind out of the debate over the nature of conscious experience; the epistemological question of whether the world we see around us is the real world itself or merely an internal perceptual copy of that world generated by neural processes in our brain. Naïve realism is known as direct realism when developed to counter indirect or representative realism, also known as epistemological dualism, the philosophical position that our conscious experience is not of the real world itself but of an internal representation, a miniature virtual-reality replica of the world. Indirect realism is broadly equivalent to the accepted view of perception in natural science that states that we do not and cannot perceive the external world as it really is but know only our ideas and interpretations of the way the world is. Representationalism is one of the key assumptions of cognitivism in psychology. The representational realist would deny that 'first-hand knowledge' is a coherent concept, since knowledge is always via some means. Our ideas of the world are interpretations of sensory input derived from an external world that is real (unlike the standpoint of idealism). The alternative, that we have knowledge of the outside world that is unconstrained by our sense organs and does not require interpretation, would appear to be inconsistent with everyday observation.