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Reid`s defense of common sense - Scholars Archive
... a doubt concerning them” (Inq, ch. §, p. ). The track record of perception has been good, and without perception we would never have come so far as to be able to entertain the possibility of doubt. Before taking up the question of scepticism, we have already put trust in our faculties. It is ...
... a doubt concerning them” (Inq, ch. §, p. ). The track record of perception has been good, and without perception we would never have come so far as to be able to entertain the possibility of doubt. Before taking up the question of scepticism, we have already put trust in our faculties. It is ...
Varieties of Supervenience
... To save supervenience-I, we can assume that all refraction patterns are unique. Then a different object will create a different refraction pattern, which will result in a different image. However this solution suggests that we can’t have multiple realizability, because all patterns are unique, and t ...
... To save supervenience-I, we can assume that all refraction patterns are unique. Then a different object will create a different refraction pattern, which will result in a different image. However this solution suggests that we can’t have multiple realizability, because all patterns are unique, and t ...
Gerrig, Richard. Experiencing Narrative Worlds: On the
... Clark, 1987). In this part of the novel, Billy is telling the story of the immediate circumstances surrounding Bo's execution. Within that context he recounts the story Bo told him. All of this, of course, takes place in the context of a novel. In metaphorical terms, each reader (given a certain le ...
... Clark, 1987). In this part of the novel, Billy is telling the story of the immediate circumstances surrounding Bo's execution. Within that context he recounts the story Bo told him. All of this, of course, takes place in the context of a novel. In metaphorical terms, each reader (given a certain le ...
Mirror Neurons, Embodied Simulation, and the Neural Basis of
... the absence of the complete visual information about it. Macaque monkey’s mirror neurons therefore respond to observed acts not exclusively on the basis of their visual description, but on the basis of the anticipation of their final goal-state, simulated through the activation of its motor neural m ...
... the absence of the complete visual information about it. Macaque monkey’s mirror neurons therefore respond to observed acts not exclusively on the basis of their visual description, but on the basis of the anticipation of their final goal-state, simulated through the activation of its motor neural m ...
Sensitivity to sampling in Bayesian word learning
... contrast, a contrast between patterns of generalization in two different kinds of trials. On a one-example trial, the experimenter pointed to an object, e.g. a toy basset hound, and taught the learner a new word with an utterance such as ‘See this? This is a fep!’ She continued talking and interacti ...
... contrast, a contrast between patterns of generalization in two different kinds of trials. On a one-example trial, the experimenter pointed to an object, e.g. a toy basset hound, and taught the learner a new word with an utterance such as ‘See this? This is a fep!’ She continued talking and interacti ...
Morten Bøås
... latter interpretation, the question of whether the dominant power is a state, a group of states or some other combination of public and private power is left as an open question. What is of larger importance is that whatever power that holds the hegemonic position it is sustained not merely by forc ...
... latter interpretation, the question of whether the dominant power is a state, a group of states or some other combination of public and private power is left as an open question. What is of larger importance is that whatever power that holds the hegemonic position it is sustained not merely by forc ...
1 - PhilPapers
... philosophical term ‘practical reason’. According to this thread of Keown’s thought, cetanā comes to denote the entire process that generates action, starting from the initial intuition of a good end, subsequent deliberation (cetayitvā) about practical choices, and conclusion in choice and action (21 ...
... philosophical term ‘practical reason’. According to this thread of Keown’s thought, cetanā comes to denote the entire process that generates action, starting from the initial intuition of a good end, subsequent deliberation (cetayitvā) about practical choices, and conclusion in choice and action (21 ...
Aristippos - dieter huber
... Diogenes Laertius. They are as modern and current as guidelines for living could possibly be, since they are devoid of metaphysical illusions and dogmatic dictates and devoted exclusively to the management of human sensuality. Aristippus’ art of living is clearly illustrated in his manner of dealing ...
... Diogenes Laertius. They are as modern and current as guidelines for living could possibly be, since they are devoid of metaphysical illusions and dogmatic dictates and devoted exclusively to the management of human sensuality. Aristippus’ art of living is clearly illustrated in his manner of dealing ...
Neo-Fregeanism and Quantifier Variance
... way. First, the issues at stake in the about whether ‘the number of Fs’ is a singular term will simply reappear in debate about whether the left-hand side of instances of the biconditional satisfy semantic compositionality and penetrability by quantifiers. For neo-Fregeans, all it takes for somethin ...
... way. First, the issues at stake in the about whether ‘the number of Fs’ is a singular term will simply reappear in debate about whether the left-hand side of instances of the biconditional satisfy semantic compositionality and penetrability by quantifiers. For neo-Fregeans, all it takes for somethin ...
Recentering Musicology and the Philosophy of Music
... It might be thought that we should ask: what is musical experience? The trouble with this question is that experiences of music vary a great deal. Some music may remind me of a childhood event, for example. A slightly better question seems to be: what is the nature of the experience of music when we ...
... It might be thought that we should ask: what is musical experience? The trouble with this question is that experiences of music vary a great deal. Some music may remind me of a childhood event, for example. A slightly better question seems to be: what is the nature of the experience of music when we ...
Dreaming and narrative theory
... counts as experience rather than any sense that dreams are narrative representations. Dennett distinguishes three components of dreaming implied by an experiential model: a (normally unconscious) process of composition; the presentation of the dream (to the experiencing mind); and its recording ( ...
... counts as experience rather than any sense that dreams are narrative representations. Dennett distinguishes three components of dreaming implied by an experiential model: a (normally unconscious) process of composition; the presentation of the dream (to the experiencing mind); and its recording ( ...
The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: the quest for a
... A different view holds that ToM constitutes the final stage of a developmental process in which different scientific theories about the world and its inhabitants are tested and eventually discarded to adopt new ones (see the ‘child-as-scientist’ hypothesis by Gopnik & Meltzoff 1997). Both accounts o ...
... A different view holds that ToM constitutes the final stage of a developmental process in which different scientific theories about the world and its inhabitants are tested and eventually discarded to adopt new ones (see the ‘child-as-scientist’ hypothesis by Gopnik & Meltzoff 1997). Both accounts o ...
Peer Support: A Theoretical Perspective
... When new members of most peer programs first start attending, there is an obvious reluctance to engage in activities because of feelings of vulnerability. As in any community, feeling welcomed, learning the rituals and language are part of a larger process of building trust. When new members hear st ...
... When new members of most peer programs first start attending, there is an obvious reluctance to engage in activities because of feelings of vulnerability. As in any community, feeling welcomed, learning the rituals and language are part of a larger process of building trust. When new members hear st ...
Reaching for Consciousness
... psychical research, and in experimental parapsychology until quite recently, we could only know about a person's psi functioning if it took the form of a conscious experience that could be discussed with the investigator. This is no longer the case. We now have physiological indicators of ever incre ...
... psychical research, and in experimental parapsychology until quite recently, we could only know about a person's psi functioning if it took the form of a conscious experience that could be discussed with the investigator. This is no longer the case. We now have physiological indicators of ever incre ...
Notes on Epistemology
... II. Second Objection: The power of analyzing the assents is either a power of arriving at truth or it is not. If it is not, it will be of no avail to employ it in investigating the spontaneous assents; for by its use we shall learn nothing about them. If it is a power of arriving at truth, then you ...
... II. Second Objection: The power of analyzing the assents is either a power of arriving at truth or it is not. If it is not, it will be of no avail to employ it in investigating the spontaneous assents; for by its use we shall learn nothing about them. If it is a power of arriving at truth, then you ...
Lecture notes on Immanuel Kant
... If we see a tree, then we see a tree. There is no doubting it. Thus Kant believed that to postulate sceptical theories, such as there is really no external world, was a bottomless pit that discredits philosophy. Kant argued that we cannot seriously doubt our knowledge. The real task is to explore wh ...
... If we see a tree, then we see a tree. There is no doubting it. Thus Kant believed that to postulate sceptical theories, such as there is really no external world, was a bottomless pit that discredits philosophy. Kant argued that we cannot seriously doubt our knowledge. The real task is to explore wh ...
Social Psychology
... Can attitudes predict behaviour? • The two main theories of attitude-behaviour relations are: • (a) the theory of reasoned action (people behave in line with their attitudes if they have a favourable attitude and there is general social support for the behaviour), and • (b) the theory of planned be ...
... Can attitudes predict behaviour? • The two main theories of attitude-behaviour relations are: • (a) the theory of reasoned action (people behave in line with their attitudes if they have a favourable attitude and there is general social support for the behaviour), and • (b) the theory of planned be ...
THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF AESTHETICS: A CROSS
... for what it is ... that one ends up forgetting that they really mean disinvestment, detachment, indifference, in other words, the refusal to invest oneself and take things seriously' (ibid.: 34). For those unaccustomed to having disposable time and resources, survival is not taken for granted, and e ...
... for what it is ... that one ends up forgetting that they really mean disinvestment, detachment, indifference, in other words, the refusal to invest oneself and take things seriously' (ibid.: 34). For those unaccustomed to having disposable time and resources, survival is not taken for granted, and e ...
Please click here for the Cognitive Futures conference programme
... mid-eighteenth century, ‘aesthetics’ had a different meaning from our modern day understanding, i.e., aesthetics as a concept has its own (particular) history, spanning from its origin in rationalist metaphysics to the theory of art and beauty from Immanuel Kant on. One recent step in this history h ...
... mid-eighteenth century, ‘aesthetics’ had a different meaning from our modern day understanding, i.e., aesthetics as a concept has its own (particular) history, spanning from its origin in rationalist metaphysics to the theory of art and beauty from Immanuel Kant on. One recent step in this history h ...
Animal and Machine Consciousness
... he feeling guilty? If your dog is looking doubtful and hesitant, is it? There is no good way to answer these questions and respond to criticism that we are just applying human attributes of mind without justification. So, once again, how can one test for animal consciousness? One thought was, “Do an ...
... he feeling guilty? If your dog is looking doubtful and hesitant, is it? There is no good way to answer these questions and respond to criticism that we are just applying human attributes of mind without justification. So, once again, how can one test for animal consciousness? One thought was, “Do an ...
Social Ontology: Some Basic Principles
... hand is a twenty dollar bill. What fact about it makes it a twenty dollar bill? Its physics and chemistry are not enough. If we wanted to go into detail, a complex legal story would have to be told about the U.S government, the Dept of the Treasury and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. But a cru ...
... hand is a twenty dollar bill. What fact about it makes it a twenty dollar bill? Its physics and chemistry are not enough. If we wanted to go into detail, a complex legal story would have to be told about the U.S government, the Dept of the Treasury and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. But a cru ...
A Theory of Sentience - sikkim university library
... sentences, and sensory states are not beliefs. We are endowed with systems of mental representation of different kinds. But then it is incumbent upon us to spell out the differences at some level of detail. Developments since Pitcher’s book have made more details available. This project bears on deb ...
... sentences, and sensory states are not beliefs. We are endowed with systems of mental representation of different kinds. But then it is incumbent upon us to spell out the differences at some level of detail. Developments since Pitcher’s book have made more details available. This project bears on deb ...
The First-Person Perspective: A Test for Naturalism
... explanation of mental phenomena. For example, if one explains the processing of visual phenomena as the effects of light on the eyes with a resulting internal visual image, then the question just becomes how that image is understood. It seems as if a little man must be inside of us to experience the ...
... explanation of mental phenomena. For example, if one explains the processing of visual phenomena as the effects of light on the eyes with a resulting internal visual image, then the question just becomes how that image is understood. It seems as if a little man must be inside of us to experience the ...
Sartre on Embodiment, Touch, and the "Double
... such, points to an immediate relation to the body, though it does not do so in virtue of its visibility. A subject whose only sense was the sense of vision could not at all have an appearing body. . . . The body as such can be constituted originally only in tactuality. (Ideas II §37, 158; HUA IV 150 ...
... such, points to an immediate relation to the body, though it does not do so in virtue of its visibility. A subject whose only sense was the sense of vision could not at all have an appearing body. . . . The body as such can be constituted originally only in tactuality. (Ideas II §37, 158; HUA IV 150 ...
Kant`s Distinction Between Theoretical and Practical Knowledge
... is supposed to fit what is possible, or practicable; but, provided that it does, what is actual is supposed to fit the representation. Thus cognitive and desiderative representations have the same direction of fit with regard to what is possible, but they have opposite directions of fit with regard ...
... is supposed to fit what is possible, or practicable; but, provided that it does, what is actual is supposed to fit the representation. Thus cognitive and desiderative representations have the same direction of fit with regard to what is possible, but they have opposite directions of fit with regard ...
Direct and indirect realism
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Naive_realism.jpg?width=300)
The question of direct or ""naïve"" realism, as opposed to indirect or ""representational"" realism, arises in the philosophy of perception and of mind out of the debate over the nature of conscious experience; the epistemological question of whether the world we see around us is the real world itself or merely an internal perceptual copy of that world generated by neural processes in our brain. Naïve realism is known as direct realism when developed to counter indirect or representative realism, also known as epistemological dualism, the philosophical position that our conscious experience is not of the real world itself but of an internal representation, a miniature virtual-reality replica of the world. Indirect realism is broadly equivalent to the accepted view of perception in natural science that states that we do not and cannot perceive the external world as it really is but know only our ideas and interpretations of the way the world is. Representationalism is one of the key assumptions of cognitivism in psychology. The representational realist would deny that 'first-hand knowledge' is a coherent concept, since knowledge is always via some means. Our ideas of the world are interpretations of sensory input derived from an external world that is real (unlike the standpoint of idealism). The alternative, that we have knowledge of the outside world that is unconstrained by our sense organs and does not require interpretation, would appear to be inconsistent with everyday observation.