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SERVICE CASE FOR TESTING CURRENT AND VOLTAGE CIRCUITS
SERVICE CASE FOR TESTING CURRENT AND VOLTAGE CIRCUITS

... confirming power flow direction in measurement devices, confirming power flow direction in energy consumption meters, confirming the I/U/P indications in control and monitoring systems, confirmation of settings of current and voltage adjustments of transformers, confirmation of correct polarity of t ...
OHM`S LAW - Eyemouth High School
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... Ohm’s Law: V = IR However, some things are ‘non-ohmic’ – they do not obey Ohm’s Law. A good example is filament of an old-fashioned light bulb. When the bulb is switched on, a current starts to pass through the filament. This heats up the filament. As the temperature of the filament increases, its r ...
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Chapter 5: Newton`s Second Law of Motion – Force
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... Direction matters! Just remember: when taking the differences in voltage, the first voltage you choose corresponds to the beginning of the arrow, and the second voltage you choose corresponds to the ending of the arrow. To calculate VC let’s go back to the previous expression we wrote: IS2 + IR2 = 0 ...
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Current mirror

A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being 'copied' can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current. Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or it is a current-controlled current source (CCCS). The current mirror is used to provide bias currents and active loads to circuits. It can also be used to model a more realistic current source (since ideal current sources don't exist).The circuit topology covered here is one that appears in many monolithic ICs. It is a Widlar mirror without an emitter degeneration resistor in the follower (output) transistor. This topology can only be done in an IC as the matching has to be extremely close and cannot be achieved with discretes.Another topology is the Wilson mirror. The Wilson mirror solves the Early effect voltage problem in his design.
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