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Testing the Pulse Width Modulator
Testing the Pulse Width Modulator

... Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a common technique used for speed control. To help understand how PWM works, consider the following analogy of riding a bike. When you wish to accelerate, you start peddling at a comfortable cadence (your output is on). Once you reach your desired speed you quit peddl ...
AL8807Q Description Pin Assignments
AL8807Q Description Pin Assignments

... LED current can be adjusted digitally, by applying a low frequency Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) logic signal to the CTRL pin to turn the device on and off. This will produce an average output current proportional to the duty cycle of the control signal. In particular, a PWM signal with a max resoluti ...
AD8295 数据手册DataSheet 下载
AD8295 数据手册DataSheet 下载

... instrumentation amplifier. Gain is set from 1 to 1000 with a single resistor. The low noise and excellent common-mode rejection of the AD8295 enable the part to easily detect small signals even in the presence of large common-mode interference. For a similar instrumentation amplifier without the ass ...
AN9 - Application Considerations and Circuits for a New Chopper-Stabilized Op Amp
AN9 - Application Considerations and Circuits for a New Chopper-Stabilized Op Amp

... content at or near its carrier frequency (e.g., from another LTC1052), erratic operation is possible. This is particularly the case if inductors or transformers radiate magnetic fields related to the clocking or oscillation. The undesired interaction between the amplifier’s chopping sequence and the e ...
Dual Low-Voltage H-Bridge IC, DRV8835
Dual Low-Voltage H-Bridge IC, DRV8835

IMT17 Features Mechanical Data
IMT17 Features Mechanical Data

... 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. B. ...
MAX31913 - Maxim Part Number Search
MAX31913 - Maxim Part Number Search

... Limits are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C and/or TA = +125°C. Limits over the operating temperature range and relevant supply voltage range are guaranteed by design and characterization. Typical values are not guaranteed. 3: If a 24V supply is not available, the device can be powered through ...
Electronic Scale with the Arduino Microcontroller
Electronic Scale with the Arduino Microcontroller

... the force applied to the beam. 4. Because the change of voltage across the bridge is relatively small for reasonably sized loads applied to the cantilever, it is desirable to amplify the bridge voltage to improve the sensitivity of the electronic scale. To do this, we will use an instrumentation amp ...
MMDT4413 Features Mechanical Data
MMDT4413 Features Mechanical Data

... 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failur ...
RT7300B - Richtek
RT7300B - Richtek

... Figure 4. VDD and UVLO Feedback Voltage Detection Figure 5 shows the feedback voltage detection circuit. The INV pin is the inverting input of the Error Amplifier with 1.5V reference voltage. Over voltage protection is provided with threshold voltage 1.65V. If the INV voltage is over 1.65V, the gate ...
Dual-Channel Digital Isolator ADuM1210  FEATURES
Dual-Channel Digital Isolator ADuM1210 FEATURES

... By avoiding the use of LEDs and photodiodes, iCoupler devices remove the design difficulties commonly associated with optocouplers. The concerns of the typical optocoupler regarding uncertain current transfer ratios, nonlinear transfer functions, and temperature and lifetime effects are eliminated w ...
300 and 310 Series Leakage Clamp-on Testers
300 and 310 Series Leakage Clamp-on Testers

NCP139 - 1 A, Very Low Dropout Bias Rail CMOS Voltage
NCP139 - 1 A, Very Low Dropout Bias Rail CMOS Voltage

The Differential Amplifier BJT Differential Pair
The Differential Amplifier BJT Differential Pair

... Differential pair circuits are one of the most widely used circuit building blocks. The input stage of every op amp is a differential amplifier Basic Characteristics – Two matched transistors with emitters shorted together and connected to a current source – Devices must always be in active mode – A ...
chapter18
chapter18

... considered constant since the internal resistance may change. • The battery is a source of constant emf. Section 18.1 ...
instructions to tenderers
instructions to tenderers

... programming system. The main socket with fuse and the socket for the connection of the motor must be located on the rear of the module. This module must be protected by means of electronic fuse and it shall be able to work with following mains: Nominal Output power 500W Nominal output current 6.2A O ...
See datasheet - Texas Instruments
See datasheet - Texas Instruments

A Novel Bridgeless Buck
A Novel Bridgeless Buck

... range of adjustable electronic equipments, especially in high voltage input condition. Therefore, it is very difficult to choose the components and energy storage capacitor of later-stage isolated converter [1]. In order to obtain appropriate bus voltage, PFC converters with the capability of provid ...
Interactive Physics Laboratory — Experiments in Electricity
Interactive Physics Laboratory — Experiments in Electricity

... probe. From gathered data one may find out, that the capacity is C = (740 ± 20 ) μF . Determine the capacity from the discharge curve equation The last method we offer to students for measuring capacity is based on determination of a discharge equation. If we know the equation of discharge curve of ...
EN (3321102)
EN (3321102)

... (2) Set to amplitude of the sinusoidal signal to 5 V, say. (3) Frequency of the input signal is varied from 100 Hz to 2 KHz. Note down the corresponding voltages on CRO for different frequencies. (4) Tabulate the readings and calculate the current using the formula I = V0/R (5) Plot the graph betwee ...
Output resistance and headphone impedance... an explanation
Output resistance and headphone impedance... an explanation

LMC6044 CMOS Quad Micropower Operational Amplifier (Rev. D)
LMC6044 CMOS Quad Micropower Operational Amplifier (Rev. D)

... Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limts beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Charac ...
Understanding Accelerometer Scale Factor and
Understanding Accelerometer Scale Factor and

... any 0 g drift and allows the maximum buffer gain without clipping. The basic ac coupling circuit is shown in Figure 3. Resistor R1 and Capacitor C4 together form a high pass filter whose corner frequency is 1/(2 π R1 C4). This means that this simple filter will reduce the signal from V PR by 3 dB at ...
MAX16946/MAX16947 Remote Antenna, Current-Sense and LDO/Switches EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE
MAX16946/MAX16947 Remote Antenna, Current-Sense and LDO/Switches EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE

... to prevent system damage due to fault conditions. The MAX16946 provides a fixed regulated 8.5V output voltage or an adjustable 3.3V to 15V output voltage. The MAX16946 can also be configured as a switch, while the MAX16947 is only available as a switch. The input voltage range for both devices exten ...
npn Transistors
npn Transistors

... 800 in value depending on the type of transistor. It is therefore very important to check this value for any transistor you are going to use in any practical circuit. As far as examination questions are concerned, you would not be expected to remember the different values of hFE, you will either be ...
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Current mirror

A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being 'copied' can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current. Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or it is a current-controlled current source (CCCS). The current mirror is used to provide bias currents and active loads to circuits. It can also be used to model a more realistic current source (since ideal current sources don't exist).The circuit topology covered here is one that appears in many monolithic ICs. It is a Widlar mirror without an emitter degeneration resistor in the follower (output) transistor. This topology can only be done in an IC as the matching has to be extremely close and cannot be achieved with discretes.Another topology is the Wilson mirror. The Wilson mirror solves the Early effect voltage problem in his design.
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