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Paying for Climate Change
Paying for Climate Change

... but emissions would be higher than desired. Such a surge in emissions may be of relatively little concern, however, because emissions over any short period matter little to atmospheric concentrations, which are what really matter.­ The equivalence will also fail if—as has often happened in practice— ...
(Senior Assistant Statistician, Scottish Government). "An Overview of
(Senior Assistant Statistician, Scottish Government). "An Overview of

... • Contains results of Scotland’s greenhouse gas inventory • What is a greenhouse gas inventory? • Source sectors and different greenhouse gases • Potency of different greenhouse gases – global warming potential ...
Kein Folientitel
Kein Folientitel

... global carbon market. The European Union has established the EU ETS in response to its member states’ Kyoto obligations and to help its industry to prepare for the challenges and opportunities presented by global response to climate change. ...
What to do about air pollution and Seminar Proceedings
What to do about air pollution and Seminar Proceedings

... In the forth session, the discussion focused on the progress in the implementation of policies. The first presentation was performed by Mr. Dachang Du, from the IMO IMO, which described the existing international legislation in this field and the on-going policy-making process at IMO. He announced t ...
Opportunities for the Caribbean in the Kyoto Protocol Negotiations
Opportunities for the Caribbean in the Kyoto Protocol Negotiations

... emissions or quantified emission limitations of 45% of 1990 levels of greenhouse gas emissions to be achieved by 2020 and 95% reduction of 1990 levels to be achieved by 2050. The other areas been discussed includes: •Amendment to Annex B to the Kyoto Protocol and consequential amendments to the Prot ...
Moving Beyond Kyoto - Brookings Institution
Moving Beyond Kyoto - Brookings Institution

... as the endowment allocation within each economy. For developing countries, however, it is only reasonable to allow endowments far in excess of current requirements (the precise levels being subject to international negotiation). With endowments greater than requirements for permits over the next sev ...
cap and trade systems limiting carbon emissions
cap and trade systems limiting carbon emissions

... firms, all but destroying all effect of the carbon market. In fact, the EU’s market is so poorly set up that there is a 1.8million-ton abundance of permits above what the actual pollution is. The EU can attempt to fix their broken system, but until then it will have no effect on the reduction of gre ...
cc_presentation_NEDEF
cc_presentation_NEDEF

... WHERE WE COULD BE… If all this can be achieved, Sunderland could reduce its emissions by 500,000 tonnes come 2021 - a 15% drop compared to 2001 …. but only if all opportunities are developed NEXT STEPS •Consultation is seeking views on these options •Results will be used to put together agreed acti ...
EU - BASIC
EU - BASIC

... • Promotion of the use of bio-fuels for transport ...
EU Climate Change Policy
EU Climate Change Policy

... • Promotion of the use of bio-fuels for transport ...
EU Climate Change Policy
EU Climate Change Policy

... • Promotion of the use of bio-fuels for transport ...
Background on Materials Greenhouse Gas
Background on Materials Greenhouse Gas

... • WARM compares the emissions and offsets resulting from a material in a baseline and an alternative management pathway in order to provide decisionmakers with comparative emission results. • WARM does not include emissions from the use phase of a product’s life, since use does not have an effect on ...
Global Climate Change: Electric Power Options in India
Global Climate Change: Electric Power Options in India

... Global Climate Change Negotiations: A Perspective on Intergenerational and Social Equity ...
Japan: A Case Study - Environmental Defense Fund
Japan: A Case Study - Environmental Defense Fund

... Throughout JVETS’ first four phases (2005-2010), 250 firms participated with about 80 of these firms adopting absolute targets. The target sectors for JVETS include non-VAP participants from nonferrous metal industry, ceramic, steel, machine and other manufacturing, chemical, pulp and paper, food an ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Weak global response – Although Kyoto has entered into force, won’t have much effect on global emissions – Reluctance to negotiate for post-2012 period ...
sectiong lobal carbon credit markets – issues and opportunities
sectiong lobal carbon credit markets – issues and opportunities

... Early attempts are being made to interconnect these developing US markets with the EU ETS. In October 2007, US states in the RGGI and WCI regional programmes combined with two Canadian provinces, nine EU countries, the European Commission, New Zealand, and Norway to form the International Carbon Act ...
CDM Presentation
CDM Presentation

... • Barriers within A/R sector: – CDM policies and guidelines are unclear – Community based projects often over looked – Economic incentives favour profitable projects – Maximum crediting period of 21 years is not enough for A/R projects – Carbon sequestration calculations ignore parts of the forest c ...
ofgem puts forward new approach to funding green generation
ofgem puts forward new approach to funding green generation

... level of support to the wholesale price of electricity. So if the price of electricity rises – for example because of rising fossil fuel prices or carbon prices under future phases of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, the level of support would fall. This sort of contracts scheme would pr ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... economy to ‘work harder’ to reach a given emissions target • Degrades the underlying incentives to decarbonise • The need to align may negate more of the incentives to decarbonise along supply chain – particularly with ‘output-based’ allocation (US and EC models greatly underestimate this potential ...
Keeping Kyoto`s Rules and Obligations
Keeping Kyoto`s Rules and Obligations

... The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Protocol was negotiated in 1997 and binds a group of 37 industrialised countries to greenhouse gas emissions reductions of 5% by 2012 (compared to 1990 levels). It details how th ...
99PWW084 - City of Edmonton
99PWW084 - City of Edmonton

... Federal Municipalities Table, which is providing input into Canada’s National Strategy on Climate Change.  Several companies, including EPCOR, have initiated greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies. EPCOR is currently reporting reduction of 6% below 1990 emission levels. Budget / Financial Imp ...
The Kyoto Protocol - Green Planet Advertiser
The Kyoto Protocol - Green Planet Advertiser

... overtake Russia to become number three after the United States and China. Pradipto Ghosh, India's Environment Secretary, said in 2007 that India would not curb its greenhouse gas emissions as long as the West continued to treat it as a 'second class global citizen' with less right to pollute than th ...
Integration_of_Inter..
Integration_of_Inter..

... prevent, reduce and eliminate adverse environmental effects resulting from activities conducted in all spheres, in such a way that due account is taken of the sovereignty and interests of all States. » ...
Title III - Cap and Trade
Title III - Cap and Trade

... • The assurance of additionality is required to produce a credit for transaction. ...
CARBON CREDITS Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of
CARBON CREDITS Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of

... the emissions that the business can produce. So the factory is given a quota of say 80,000 tonnes per year. The factory either reduces its emissions to 80,000 tonnes or is required to purchase carbon credits to offset the excess. After costing up alternatives the business may decide that it is uneco ...
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European Union Emission Trading Scheme

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), also known as the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, was the first large greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme in the world, and remains the biggest. It was launched in 2005 to fight Global warming and is a major pillar of EU climate policy. As of 2013, the EU ETS covers more than 11,000 factories, power stations, and other installations with a net heat excess of 20 MW in 31 countries—all 28 EU member states plus Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein. The installations regulated by the EU ETS are collectively responsible in 2008 for close to half of the EU's anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and 40% of its total greenhouse gas emissions. The taxation of electricity producers (power stations) for the emissions of CO2 has been controversial as globally, governments have refused to accept the additional burden while many have repealed such schemes such as Canada in 2011 and Australia in 2014.Under the 'cap and trade' principle, a maximum (cap) is set on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations. 'Allowances' for emissions are then auctioned off or allocated for free, and can subsequently be traded. Installations must monitor and report their CO2 emissions, ensuring they hand in enough allowances to the authorities to cover their emissions. If emission exceeds what is permitted by its allowances, an installation must purchase allowances from others. Conversely, if an installation has performed well at reducing its emissions, it can sell its leftover credits. This allows the system to find the most cost-effective ways of reducing emissions without significant government intervention.The scheme has been divided into a number of ""trading periods"". The first ETS trading period lasted three years, from January 2005 to December 2007. The second trading period ran from January 2008 until December 2012, coinciding with the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. The third trading period began in January 2013 and will span until December 2020. Compared to 2005, when the EU ETS was first implemented, the proposed caps for 2020 represents a 21% reduction of greenhouse gases. This target has been reached 6 years early as emissions in the ETS fell to 1812 mln tonnes in 2014.The EU ETS has seen a number of significant changes, with the first trading period described as a 'learning by doing' phase.Phase III sees a turn to auctioning a majority of permits rather than allocating freely; harmonisation of rules for the remaining allocations; and the inclusion of other greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide and perfluorocarbons. In 2012, the EU ETS was also extended to the airline industry, though this has been paused for one year given the possibility of a global system for these emissions. The price of EU ETS carbon credits has been lower than intended, with a large surplus of allowances, in part because of the impact of the recent economic crisis on demand. In 2012, the Commission said it would delay the auctioning of some allowances. Currently legislation is under way which would introduce a Market Stability Reserve to the EU ETS that adjusts the annual supply of CO2 permits based on the CO2 permits in circulation
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