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4-3 Families of Elements
4-3 Families of Elements

... c. Gold, silver, and platinum are transition metals i. Transition metals are much less reactive than sodium or calcium, but they can lose electrons to form positive ions, too. ii. Transition metals can have more than one possible cation. iii. Examples: gold, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, and mer ...
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Group 12 element

Group 12, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table. It includes zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg). The further inclusion of copernicium (Cn) in group 12 is supported by recent experiments on individual copernicium atoms. Group 12 is also known as the volatile metals, although this can also more generally refer to any metal (which need not be in group 12) that has high volatility, such as polonium or flerovium.Formerly this group was named IIB (pronounced as ""group two B"", as the ""II"" is a Roman numeral) by CAS and old IUPAC system.The three group 12 elements that occur naturally are zinc, cadmium and mercury. They are all widely used in electric and electronic applications, as well as in various alloys. The first two members of the group share similar properties as they are solid metals under standard conditions. Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature. While zinc is very important in the biochemistry of living organisms, cadmium and mercury are both highly toxic. As copernicium does not occur in nature, it has to be synthesized in the laboratory.
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