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Conference - Carbon Expo
Conference - Carbon Expo

... From her early days as founder of a small NGO, Christiana Figureres rose high on the world stage as she helped to deliver the Paris Agreement. From her first days as Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, she used her opportunities to engage with business at Carbon Exp ...
The Story of Carbon Meet Philip Duffy Also in this Issue
The Story of Carbon Meet Philip Duffy Also in this Issue

... largely about carbon. Carbon is the thread that runs through all of the research at WHRC and the impacts that follow from our work. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major heat-trapping gas under human control. CO2 drives climate change. CO2 is released to the atmosphere as a result of deforestation and c ...
The Incidence of Carbon Pricing: Norway, Russia and
The Incidence of Carbon Pricing: Norway, Russia and

... same direction. Russia has recently been increasing its exports of refined petroleum products in an attempt to increase the value-added in energy-related exports. The Middle East is the region most dependent on oil and gas resources. Some attempts have been made to diversify away from that economic ...
The Fifth Carbon Budget – The next step towards a low
The Fifth Carbon Budget – The next step towards a low

... The Committee considered the evidence for both a looser budget and a tighter budget. A looser budget would imply a lower cost in 2030, but it would store up higher costs for the future. It may meet the UK’s existing international and EU commitments, but would not prepare sufficiently for the 2050 ta ...
The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is
The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is

... Oceans contain the greatest quantity of actively cycled carbon in this world and are second only to the lithosphere in the amount of carbon they store.[2] The oceans' surface layer holds large amounts of dissolved inorganic carbon that is exchanged rapidly with the atmosphere. The deep layer's conce ...
Interactions of the carbon cycle, human activity, and the climate system
Interactions of the carbon cycle, human activity, and the climate system

... sections cover the main research domains consistent with the goals of the broader research agenda described above: diagnostics of the carbon cycle — the observation and quantification of the human disturbance on the carbon cycle; vulnerabilities of the carbon cycle — understanding the processes driv ...
Carbon Price Forecasts - Parliamentary Commissioner for the
Carbon Price Forecasts - Parliamentary Commissioner for the

... framework. Individual countries may have their own emission reduction policies on a voluntary basis, and there may be fragmented bi- or multi-lateral agreements. To encourage some adjustment to a low-carbon economy, and for presentation to the outside world, New Zealand has an emission reduction tar ...
an australian policy framework - Garnaut Climate Change Review
an australian policy framework - Garnaut Climate Change Review

... comprehensive international commitment is to maximise the chances of an effective global agreement being reached as quickly as possible. The rate at which emissions are reduced by Australia in the meantime, and the rates of reduction to which we are now prepared to commit ourselves in the context of ...
Using the Capacity of Forests to Absorb Carbon
Using the Capacity of Forests to Absorb Carbon

... other evidence indicates that they almost certainly have been increasing for well over 100 years. Since about 1800, the content of CO2 in the atmosphere increased nearly 30% (Downing et al., 1992). Rising CO2 levels reflect a global C cycle in which more C is released into the atmosphere (from sourc ...
Biogeosciences An outlook on the Sub
Biogeosciences An outlook on the Sub

... The role of the African continent in the global carbon cycle, and therefore in climate change, is increasingly recognised (Houghton and Hackler, 2006; Williams et al., 2007). Even if Africa contributes only less than 4% to the global anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions (Canadell et al., 2009), it is ...
or wood burning (fossil-fuel substitution)
or wood burning (fossil-fuel substitution)

... that the efficient way for that is to reduce fossil fuel consumption. This view is restricted, as the goal is to tackle net emissions, that is to say, the imbalance between carbon emissions and carbon capture. This imbalance is shown in Fig. 1 which indicates the main sources and sinks of atmospheri ...
Climate change policy in the United Kingdom (opens in new window)
Climate change policy in the United Kingdom (opens in new window)

... (Table 2), were influenced by the privatisation of the electricity industry in the early 1990s. Privatisation was accompanied by reduced gas prices and improvements in electricity generation technology, which led to greater use of cleaner energy sources, especially gas (the so-called ‘dash for gas’) ...
Vivid Economics - Department Of Energy
Vivid Economics - Department Of Energy

... unless the factory‟s pollution was excessively damaging. There is therefore some price for the externality that balances the cost of the externality with the benefit of producing it. Discovery of the appropriate price for an externality is complex, although though there are two important but simple ...
Tax deductible carbon sink forests?
Tax deductible carbon sink forests?

... years. 17 These particular measures were also not supported by the government or by coalition senators. However, the amendments moved indicate some unease about the provisions of the carbon sink forest tax deduction (see concerns raised below). The committee inquiry Senator Ronaldson successfully re ...
Low Carbon Growth Country Studies—Getting Started
Low Carbon Growth Country Studies—Getting Started

... harnessed through a variety of measures, such as improved transport planning and managed traffic demand (Indonesia), development and optimization of urban mass transport (India, Mexico), improvements in vehicle maintenance and/or fuel efficiency standards (India, Indonesia), as well as the introduct ...
CN: CO 2
CN: CO 2

... Summary of offline results • C-N coupling results in large decrease in CO2 fertilization of land ecosystems. • Sensitivities of net carbon flux to temperature and precipitation variation are damped by C-N coupling. • C-N coupling reverses sign of trend in carbon-climate sensitivity under increasing ...
unburnable carbon: why we need to leave fossil fuels in the ground
unburnable carbon: why we need to leave fossil fuels in the ground

... The international community has agreed to limit an increase in global average temperature to no more than 2°C. If we are to have any chance of meeting this target, we need to rapidly reduce our carbon emissions and transition towards a decarbonised society. This report describes an approach - the ca ...
30 million tonnes in 2030 alone
30 million tonnes in 2030 alone

... policies we modelled. Fortunately, most of the policies we selected for this analysis can be ratcheted up. For instance: • A carbon price can increase through a higher tax rate or a tighter cap on emissions. (Indeed, the Government of Canada’s recent announcement of a national minimum carbon price ...
Green race is on Low carbon economy index 2010 www.pwc.co.uk
Green race is on Low carbon economy index 2010 www.pwc.co.uk

... effectively decoupling economic growth from emissions. PwC’s first analysis in 2009 revealed that, despite a global trend of decarbonisation – i.e. reducing the amount of carbon emitted for every unit of GDP produced – there is a widening gap between the global carbon budget and actual carbon emissi ...
Climate Change Impacts on Future Carbon Stores and Management
Climate Change Impacts on Future Carbon Stores and Management

... by precipitation and temperature (Fig. 2).3,4 Because of increased CO2 emissions largely through burning of fossil fuels, ecosystems are subject to shifts in climate patterns that will change both soil moisture and temperature. While the degree of impact may vary by latitude, increasing CO2 concentr ...
PDF
PDF

... System (hadGEM2-ES model); this decision was made in order to follow the Stern Review which used the Hadley Group database. CSMs can estimate crop productivity (and other parameters of crop production) of different crops/plants as a function of weather and soil conditions, and different crop managem ...
a carbon price
a carbon price

... • A uniform global carbon price (and prices on other greenhouse gases in proportion to their warming potential), delivered either by carbon taxes or carbon trading, would be an ideal tool to reduce greenhouse gas emissions sharply in a cost-effective way, based on the principle that the ‘polluter p ...
Working Group on Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
Working Group on Carbon Pricing Mechanisms

... sectors covered, the presence or absence of similar policies among competitors, and economic outlook. Governments that put in place carbon pricing must take these factors into account, recognizing that, since the economic, social and environmental costs of climate change impacts will inexorably rise ...
New Zealand - Environmental Defense Fund
New Zealand - Environmental Defense Fund

... FLEXIBILITY PROVISIONS: Participants can meet their NZ ETS obligations with NZUs or with eligible Kyotocompliant emission reduction units purchased abroad. These may include approved Removal Units (RMUs), Emissions Reduction Units (ERUs), or Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). ERUs and CERs from n ...
More Lessons from the Sky - Satellite Educators Association
More Lessons from the Sky - Satellite Educators Association

... activity can release it very quickly. Burning of fossil fuels in cars or power plants is another way this carbon can be released into the atmospheric reservoir quickly. Changes to the Carbon Cycle The increasing human population and their activities have a tremendous impact on the carbon cycle. Burn ...
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Carbon pricing in Australia

A carbon pricing scheme in Australia, commonly referred to as the ""Carbon tax"", was introduced by the Gillard Government and became effective on 1 July 2012, and was in operation until it was repealed by the Australian senate on 17 July 2014. The scheme required entities which emit over 25,000 tonnes per year of Carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gases and which were not in the transport or agriculture sectors to obtain emissions permits. The Department of Climate Change stated there were 260 liable entities in June 2013. Approximately 185 discrete companies paid the carbon tax in 2013. Permits are either purchased or issued free as part of industry assistance measures.The pricing was part of a broad energy reform package called the Clean Energy Plan, which aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Australia by 5% below 2000 levels by 2020 and 80% below 2000 levels by 2050. The plan set out to achieve these targets by encouraging Australia's largest emitters to increase energy efficiency and invest in sustainable energy. The scheme was administered by the Clean Energy Regulator. Compensation to industry and households was funded by the revenue derived from the charge. Initially the price of a permit for one tonne of carbon was fixed at $23 for the 2012–13 financial year, with unlimited permits being available from the Government. The fixed price rose to $24.15 for 2013–14. The government announced a transition to an emissions trading scheme in 2014–15, where the available permits will be limited in line with a pollution cap. The scheme primarily applied to electricity generators and industrial sectors. It did not apply to road transport and agriculture. Domestic aviation did not face the carbon tax per se, but was subject to an additional fuel excise levy of approximately 6 cents per litre.Falls in carbon emissions were observed following implementation of this policy. It was noted that emissions from sectors subject to the pricing mechanism were1.0% lower and nine months after the introduction of the pricing scheme, Australia's emissions of carbon dioxide from electricity generation had fallen to a 10-year low, with coal generation down 11% from 2008 to 2009. However, attribution of these trends to carbon pricing have been disputed, with Frontier Economics claiming trends are largely explained by factors unrelated to the carbon tax. Electricity demand had been falling and in 2012 was at the lowest level seen since 2006 in the National Electricity Market.
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