Evidence for overlooked mechanisms of long‐distance seed
... Some medium and large-sized birds, not typically frugivorous, frequently broaden their diet to include fruits ⁄ seeds of different species when these are abundant. The biogeographical importance of this in the migration of trees during the Holocene in Europe (often thought of as exclusively wind-dis ...
... Some medium and large-sized birds, not typically frugivorous, frequently broaden their diet to include fruits ⁄ seeds of different species when these are abundant. The biogeographical importance of this in the migration of trees during the Holocene in Europe (often thought of as exclusively wind-dis ...
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... phytophagous insects began in 1952. Several attempts have been made since then to introduce potential biological control agents to reduce the spread of this weed into forest areas, and other control measures have been tried by various groups and agencies. It was not until recently, however, through ...
... phytophagous insects began in 1952. Several attempts have been made since then to introduce potential biological control agents to reduce the spread of this weed into forest areas, and other control measures have been tried by various groups and agencies. It was not until recently, however, through ...
Diffusion-Based Soil Respiration
... moisture are significant One of the most dominant factors affecting the soil respiration rate is soil temperature. Typically, when soil temperature starts increasing, the soil respiration rate also increases. However, it must be pointed out that totally opposite results have also been recorded at ce ...
... moisture are significant One of the most dominant factors affecting the soil respiration rate is soil temperature. Typically, when soil temperature starts increasing, the soil respiration rate also increases. However, it must be pointed out that totally opposite results have also been recorded at ce ...
Document
... plowing soil erosion (by both wind and water) salinization Difficulty: Medium Link to: 12.4, 12.9, 12.10 36. Agricultural scientists refer to the ultimate, most desirable pesticide as a "magic bullet". What do they mean by this expression? Ans: A "magic bullet" is a chemical that is lethal only to a ...
... plowing soil erosion (by both wind and water) salinization Difficulty: Medium Link to: 12.4, 12.9, 12.10 36. Agricultural scientists refer to the ultimate, most desirable pesticide as a "magic bullet". What do they mean by this expression? Ans: A "magic bullet" is a chemical that is lethal only to a ...
Predatory beetles facilitate plant growth by
... under the original dung pats) were harvested from each chamber. To facilitate examination of possible earthworm behavioural responses to predation risk and corresponding impacts on soil physical and chemical properties, we separately quantified all below-ground response variables within both the upp ...
... under the original dung pats) were harvested from each chamber. To facilitate examination of possible earthworm behavioural responses to predation risk and corresponding impacts on soil physical and chemical properties, we separately quantified all below-ground response variables within both the upp ...
Seed Burial in the Seagrass Zostera marina: The Role of Infauna
... region, Z marina flowers and produces seeds in May and June. Seedling establishment patterns in the field indicate that the seeds do not move far once they settle to the sediment surface (Orth et al., I994), which implies that they are quickly buried. Burial is important for successful seedling est ...
... region, Z marina flowers and produces seeds in May and June. Seedling establishment patterns in the field indicate that the seeds do not move far once they settle to the sediment surface (Orth et al., I994), which implies that they are quickly buried. Burial is important for successful seedling est ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... often have a long dormancy period (diapause) between infestations. For example, many bruchid species spend a dormant stage as pupae, but some species that can infest mature seeds have a rapid generation turnover if seeds are abundant. The seed weevil Sitophilus (Calandra) rugicollis, which attacks s ...
... often have a long dormancy period (diapause) between infestations. For example, many bruchid species spend a dormant stage as pupae, but some species that can infest mature seeds have a rapid generation turnover if seeds are abundant. The seed weevil Sitophilus (Calandra) rugicollis, which attacks s ...
Using Grass Carp to Control Aquatic Plants
... possible that grass carp stocking rates could be adjusted to provide for some desirable level of submerged plants, fisheries managers have come to realize that does not occur in practice. Many managers now consider grass carp not to be an option when trying to maintain desirable levels of submerged ...
... possible that grass carp stocking rates could be adjusted to provide for some desirable level of submerged plants, fisheries managers have come to realize that does not occur in practice. Many managers now consider grass carp not to be an option when trying to maintain desirable levels of submerged ...
682.pdf
... traits representing a trade-off between resource acquisition and resource conservation (Tilman 1990, reviewed in Aerts 1999, Grime and Mackey 2002). Under this framework, perennial plants are expected to maximize resource conservation by making mechanical and chemical investments in tissue that incr ...
... traits representing a trade-off between resource acquisition and resource conservation (Tilman 1990, reviewed in Aerts 1999, Grime and Mackey 2002). Under this framework, perennial plants are expected to maximize resource conservation by making mechanical and chemical investments in tissue that incr ...
Can forest fragmentation disrupt a conditional mutualism? A case
... To test this hypothesis, we ask whether agoutis and acouchies scatter-hoard less, and therefore disperse less, in forest fragments where we know, a priori, that individuals of either species are still present (Jorge 2008). Forest fragments, by virtue of a much reduced area, lack many fruiting specie ...
... To test this hypothesis, we ask whether agoutis and acouchies scatter-hoard less, and therefore disperse less, in forest fragments where we know, a priori, that individuals of either species are still present (Jorge 2008). Forest fragments, by virtue of a much reduced area, lack many fruiting specie ...
Antagonistic effects of seed dispersal and herbivory
... Ôgerminants not dispersed by deerÕ, and added an additional Ôgerminants dispersed by deerÕ stage, thereby creating a 7 · 7 transition matrix, A (see Table 1). Germinants not dispersed by deer are assumed not to move and (like other sedentary classes) are given the delta function for dispersal kernel ...
... Ôgerminants not dispersed by deerÕ, and added an additional Ôgerminants dispersed by deerÕ stage, thereby creating a 7 · 7 transition matrix, A (see Table 1). Germinants not dispersed by deer are assumed not to move and (like other sedentary classes) are given the delta function for dispersal kernel ...
Seed predation by ants in south-eastern Spain (Desierto de
... Tabernas Desert, six feed mainly or exclusively on seeds. The three Messor species are the most important as predators because the amount of seeds collected by them is by far larger than that brought in by the other species. However, also smaller ants such as Goniomma ssp., Pheidole pallidula, or Te ...
... Tabernas Desert, six feed mainly or exclusively on seeds. The three Messor species are the most important as predators because the amount of seeds collected by them is by far larger than that brought in by the other species. However, also smaller ants such as Goniomma ssp., Pheidole pallidula, or Te ...
Temporal dynamics of herbivory and water availability interactively
... the wetter conditions of spring and winter, but this effect dissapeared when rabbit pressure on Retama increased during summer drought due to the decrease in alternative food resources. In the experiment 2, Stipa exerted a negative effect on the survival of Retama seedlings during the three years of ...
... the wetter conditions of spring and winter, but this effect dissapeared when rabbit pressure on Retama increased during summer drought due to the decrease in alternative food resources. In the experiment 2, Stipa exerted a negative effect on the survival of Retama seedlings during the three years of ...
projects for 2012 - The University of Western Australia
... major grain legume crop of WA, the narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius). These will use recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering and could involve the use of HPLC and GC/MS analysis. Signals transported in phloem of lupin Plants are continually responding to signals that allow them ...
... major grain legume crop of WA, the narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius). These will use recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering and could involve the use of HPLC and GC/MS analysis. Signals transported in phloem of lupin Plants are continually responding to signals that allow them ...
global efforts to limit Australian acacia invasions
... life cycle starting with seedlings. Australian acacia seedlings are capable of rapid growth under a variety of environmental conditions and have the ability to out-compete many other species for resources (Morris et al., 2011). However, a high percentage of seedlings do not survive to saplings, so i ...
... life cycle starting with seedlings. Australian acacia seedlings are capable of rapid growth under a variety of environmental conditions and have the ability to out-compete many other species for resources (Morris et al., 2011). However, a high percentage of seedlings do not survive to saplings, so i ...
Crop domestication, global human-mediated migration, and the
... Ecological pest management seeks to improve pest control through the manipulation of ecological processes that promote natural enemies and suppress pests. These approaches can involve cultural practices such as reduced tillage, increased use of non-crop plants that provide food and shelter for natur ...
... Ecological pest management seeks to improve pest control through the manipulation of ecological processes that promote natural enemies and suppress pests. These approaches can involve cultural practices such as reduced tillage, increased use of non-crop plants that provide food and shelter for natur ...
The use of radiation is improving the biological control of insect pests.
... control agent can be a predator, a parasitoid, a bacterium, a fungus or a virus. In this article we will concentrate on predators, which eat the pest (prey), and parasitoids, which parasitize the pest (host) by stinging and thereby laying eggs into it. When insects escape their native natural enemie ...
... control agent can be a predator, a parasitoid, a bacterium, a fungus or a virus. In this article we will concentrate on predators, which eat the pest (prey), and parasitoids, which parasitize the pest (host) by stinging and thereby laying eggs into it. When insects escape their native natural enemie ...
Plant ectoparasitic nematodes prefer roots without their microbial
... key root herbivores in natural coastal foredunes. They are able to strongly decrease the biomass of A. arenaria (de Rooij van der Goes 1995a), if not controlled by their microbial enemies (Piśkiewicz et al. 2007). In the field T. ventralis usually does not reach population levels that can affect pla ...
... key root herbivores in natural coastal foredunes. They are able to strongly decrease the biomass of A. arenaria (de Rooij van der Goes 1995a), if not controlled by their microbial enemies (Piśkiewicz et al. 2007). In the field T. ventralis usually does not reach population levels that can affect pla ...
Competition Among Insects, Birds and Mammals for Conifer Steeds
... for cones/tree were taken from large, dom- amount of energy invested in individual inant Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii offspring (seeds). Baker (1972) has proMirb.) left exposed as seed trees after the vided evidence that in climax communities surrounding forest was logged (Garman, soil moistu ...
... for cones/tree were taken from large, dom- amount of energy invested in individual inant Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii offspring (seeds). Baker (1972) has proMirb.) left exposed as seed trees after the vided evidence that in climax communities surrounding forest was logged (Garman, soil moistu ...
Seed Germination and Seedling Survival of two endemic (Eryngium
... early summer temperatures as of 5/7/2010 (high 30, low 21 degrees C), and to later summer temperatures as of 7/5/2010 (high: 35, low 21 degrees C). We terminated the trial after germination had ceased for several weeks. We used 40 seeds per species for the 3 rare species, and 60 seeds per species fo ...
... early summer temperatures as of 5/7/2010 (high 30, low 21 degrees C), and to later summer temperatures as of 7/5/2010 (high: 35, low 21 degrees C). We terminated the trial after germination had ceased for several weeks. We used 40 seeds per species for the 3 rare species, and 60 seeds per species fo ...
INVASION DYNAMICS OF CYTISUS SCOPARIUS: A MATRIX
... pest species can have important consequences for early detection and eradication efforts (Carey 1996). In addition, the density eventually reached by an invader contributes to the impact of that species on the host community. Not just the final magnitude of density, but also the form of population r ...
... pest species can have important consequences for early detection and eradication efforts (Carey 1996). In addition, the density eventually reached by an invader contributes to the impact of that species on the host community. Not just the final magnitude of density, but also the form of population r ...
Discussion
... Biologically effective grazing management strategies have 4.5 month grazing seasons on native grasslands between early June and mid October with 2 grazing periods in each of the 3 to 6 pastures and the rotation dates coordinate partial defoliation by grazing with grass phenological growth stages. Re ...
... Biologically effective grazing management strategies have 4.5 month grazing seasons on native grasslands between early June and mid October with 2 grazing periods in each of the 3 to 6 pastures and the rotation dates coordinate partial defoliation by grazing with grass phenological growth stages. Re ...
A Management Guide for Invasive Plants in Southern
... scrape and pile Chinese privet (photo by Gena Todia); right—hack-n-squirt method can use a hatchet to penetrate the bark and inner bark, slightly into the wood (photo by Steven T. Manning). Middle row: left—foliar wick applicator (photo by James H. Miller); center—cooperative planning (photo by Jame ...
... scrape and pile Chinese privet (photo by Gena Todia); right—hack-n-squirt method can use a hatchet to penetrate the bark and inner bark, slightly into the wood (photo by Steven T. Manning). Middle row: left—foliar wick applicator (photo by James H. Miller); center—cooperative planning (photo by Jame ...
Importance of fragmentation-tolerant species as seed
... habitat fragmentation reduced seed survival or seedling establishment for certain plants (Santos and Tellerı́a 1994; Asquith et al. 1997, 1999; Cordeiro and Howe 2001, 2003). Wright et al. (2000) and Wright and Duber (2001) found that a loss of seed predators and dispersers in fragmented or poached ...
... habitat fragmentation reduced seed survival or seedling establishment for certain plants (Santos and Tellerı́a 1994; Asquith et al. 1997, 1999; Cordeiro and Howe 2001, 2003). Wright et al. (2000) and Wright and Duber (2001) found that a loss of seed predators and dispersers in fragmented or poached ...
Food Webs, Risks of Alien Enemies and Reform of Biological Control
... extinction of an entire genus of native snails in Polynesia. Some parasitoid species have been introduced that are sufficiently polyphagous to attack native insects, and cases of serious harm to non-target populations are now coming to light. However, polyphagous organisms continue to be imported fo ...
... extinction of an entire genus of native snails in Polynesia. Some parasitoid species have been introduced that are sufficiently polyphagous to attack native insects, and cases of serious harm to non-target populations are now coming to light. However, polyphagous organisms continue to be imported fo ...