- Te Kura
... Although plants and animals are adapted to their particular environments and ecological niches, they need to be able to adapt to slow changes in their environments or they may not survive otherwise. An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions is called its tolerance. Toler ...
... Although plants and animals are adapted to their particular environments and ecological niches, they need to be able to adapt to slow changes in their environments or they may not survive otherwise. An organism’s ability to survive variation in environmental conditions is called its tolerance. Toler ...
Microfaunal Interactions in the Rhizosphere
... Plants are not simply passive recipients of nutrients, but information from the environment affects their belowground allocations such as: root proliferation (HuberSannwald et al. 1997; Hodge et al. 1998; 1999); formation of symbiotic relationships (e.g. mycorrhizal fungi, Fitter and Merryweather 1 ...
... Plants are not simply passive recipients of nutrients, but information from the environment affects their belowground allocations such as: root proliferation (HuberSannwald et al. 1997; Hodge et al. 1998; 1999); formation of symbiotic relationships (e.g. mycorrhizal fungi, Fitter and Merryweather 1 ...
Coevolution of Cycads and Dinosaurs
... assigned to extant genera, and (2) each leaf form typically occurs only within a single geologic formation, often restricted to a single locality. These features represent island-like biogeographic patterns (MacArthur and Wilson 1967; Quammen 1996) where isolated populations gave rise to great taxon ...
... assigned to extant genera, and (2) each leaf form typically occurs only within a single geologic formation, often restricted to a single locality. These features represent island-like biogeographic patterns (MacArthur and Wilson 1967; Quammen 1996) where isolated populations gave rise to great taxon ...
University of Idaho - Idaho Rangeland Resource Commission
... What is Overgrazing? Many people are concerned that excessive grazing by livestock or wildlife creates areas of rangeland that are overgrazed. Range plants are designed to withstand some grazing. In fact, proper grazing can improve the health of many types of rangeland. However, if too much green ma ...
... What is Overgrazing? Many people are concerned that excessive grazing by livestock or wildlife creates areas of rangeland that are overgrazed. Range plants are designed to withstand some grazing. In fact, proper grazing can improve the health of many types of rangeland. However, if too much green ma ...
Maternal adjustment of offspring provisioning and the consequences
... winter annual plant, Dithyrea californica, we studied the response of seed provisioning to the maternal competitive environment and the associated seed dispersal consequences. We measured the average size of seeds produced by plants experiencing different competitive environments in order to test th ...
... winter annual plant, Dithyrea californica, we studied the response of seed provisioning to the maternal competitive environment and the associated seed dispersal consequences. We measured the average size of seeds produced by plants experiencing different competitive environments in order to test th ...
Giant salivinia
... increase the risk of spread by creating many more smaller plants and fragments, many of which may still be viable. Herbicides have limitations because they may impact non-target plants, salvinia infestations are not easily located or even accessible, and direct costs can be very high (from $85 [Rew ...
... increase the risk of spread by creating many more smaller plants and fragments, many of which may still be viable. Herbicides have limitations because they may impact non-target plants, salvinia infestations are not easily located or even accessible, and direct costs can be very high (from $85 [Rew ...
CHAPTER 7 Ungulate browsing and plant defensive traits: modelling
... uptake and potentially grow faster than resistant plants. However, populations of browsetolerant plants can be maintained only at suitable nutrient supply rates (e.g. mineralization rates), which are highly variable in semi-arid African savannas. Moreover, when costs related to the increased resprou ...
... uptake and potentially grow faster than resistant plants. However, populations of browsetolerant plants can be maintained only at suitable nutrient supply rates (e.g. mineralization rates), which are highly variable in semi-arid African savannas. Moreover, when costs related to the increased resprou ...
Seed Dispersal and Frugivory in Tropical Ecosystems
... mutualistic relationship? Seeds removed from parent trees escape from densitydependent mortality under their crowns, may colonize open habitats (succession), and/or experience directed dispersal to appropriate microsites, which allows escape from predators or enhances the establishment of seedlings. ...
... mutualistic relationship? Seeds removed from parent trees escape from densitydependent mortality under their crowns, may colonize open habitats (succession), and/or experience directed dispersal to appropriate microsites, which allows escape from predators or enhances the establishment of seedlings. ...
Science and Farmers: IPM by Farmers
... fields. All ten fields were planted with the same variety (IR 64) and were planted about the same time. Field practices were similar with the exception of insecticide applications. The farmer group would collect weekly data; record costs and eventually analyses the data. Results would be shared with ...
... fields. All ten fields were planted with the same variety (IR 64) and were planted about the same time. Field practices were similar with the exception of insecticide applications. The farmer group would collect weekly data; record costs and eventually analyses the data. Results would be shared with ...
OIKOS 55: 375—386 - digital
... Flowering is between mid March and the end of April. just preceding vegetative growth. The species is wihdpollinated, with male flowers, grouped in inflorescences of 8—10 flowers, producing 47—60 iO pollen grainsi flower and female flowers showing one seminal primorde. The interval between the peak ...
... Flowering is between mid March and the end of April. just preceding vegetative growth. The species is wihdpollinated, with male flowers, grouped in inflorescences of 8—10 flowers, producing 47—60 iO pollen grainsi flower and female flowers showing one seminal primorde. The interval between the peak ...
Interactions between nectar robbers and seed predators mediated Ipomopsis aggregata
... At the end of the Xowering season, we collected all fruits and scored them as having set seed or not (aborted), recorded if the fruits had been destroyed by Hylemya, and counted all seeds from intact fruits. Hylemya larvae destroy the seeds, leaving behind a mass of partially eaten seeds and frass a ...
... At the end of the Xowering season, we collected all fruits and scored them as having set seed or not (aborted), recorded if the fruits had been destroyed by Hylemya, and counted all seeds from intact fruits. Hylemya larvae destroy the seeds, leaving behind a mass of partially eaten seeds and frass a ...
The Living Soil - Colorado State University Extension
... compounds from the roots to fuel its own growth. Some species of mycorrhizae can be seen on roots, while most are invisible to the naked eye. Mycorrhizae improve plant health. They enhance the plant’s ability to tolerate environmental stress (like drought and dry winter weather) and reduce transplan ...
... compounds from the roots to fuel its own growth. Some species of mycorrhizae can be seen on roots, while most are invisible to the naked eye. Mycorrhizae improve plant health. They enhance the plant’s ability to tolerate environmental stress (like drought and dry winter weather) and reduce transplan ...
Seedling emergence, growth, and allocation of Oriental bittersweet
... 1987; Baskin and Baskin, 1989; Ricard and Messier, 1996). Furthermore, control programs timed to kill seed-bearing plants prior to fruit maturation may stop the dispersal of a new seed crop, but do not ensure that dormant seeds present on site would not germinate in the future. Although some land ma ...
... 1987; Baskin and Baskin, 1989; Ricard and Messier, 1996). Furthermore, control programs timed to kill seed-bearing plants prior to fruit maturation may stop the dispersal of a new seed crop, but do not ensure that dormant seeds present on site would not germinate in the future. Although some land ma ...
Dispersal vacuum in the seedling recruitment of a primate
... species is the ratio of body mass to that of L. cana multiplied by the number of feeding bouts per day, divided by the fraction of stomach capacity allocated to Manilkara, multiplied by the total number of Manilkara seeds that can fit into one L. cana digesta. Our estimates of seed dispersal by L. ca ...
... species is the ratio of body mass to that of L. cana multiplied by the number of feeding bouts per day, divided by the fraction of stomach capacity allocated to Manilkara, multiplied by the total number of Manilkara seeds that can fit into one L. cana digesta. Our estimates of seed dispersal by L. ca ...
Hunting-induced defaunation drives increased seed predation and
... recruitment in the region (Clark et al., 2012). However, the importance of seed traits and the role of the different taxa of seed predators have yet to be determined, both for intact and anthropogenically disturbed forests. Such studies are rare, given the challenges of quantifying wildlife abundanc ...
... recruitment in the region (Clark et al., 2012). However, the importance of seed traits and the role of the different taxa of seed predators have yet to be determined, both for intact and anthropogenically disturbed forests. Such studies are rare, given the challenges of quantifying wildlife abundanc ...
Morphology and Dispersal of One- and Two
... to be moved by wind across a horizontal substrate and possibly compensate for the opposing effect of mass. Thus, this study offers no evidence that the reduction in seed number per flower increases dispersal distance in wind-dispersed C. flava. There may be other advantages to maturing only one seed ...
... to be moved by wind across a horizontal substrate and possibly compensate for the opposing effect of mass. Thus, this study offers no evidence that the reduction in seed number per flower increases dispersal distance in wind-dispersed C. flava. There may be other advantages to maturing only one seed ...
Ecological Succession
... • Pioneer species colonize a bare or disturbed site. Soil building. • Changes in the physical environment occur (e.g., light, moisture). • New species of plants displace existing plants because their seedlings are better able to become established in the changed environment. • Newly arriving species ...
... • Pioneer species colonize a bare or disturbed site. Soil building. • Changes in the physical environment occur (e.g., light, moisture). • New species of plants displace existing plants because their seedlings are better able to become established in the changed environment. • Newly arriving species ...
Phenolics and Plant Allelopathy
... technique to extract analytes from solid samples. Although sonication has been shown to be faster than Soxhlet extraction, it also requires large volumes of toxic and expensive organic solvents. However, such methods do not provide correct data either on the amount of phenolics compounds or on their ...
... technique to extract analytes from solid samples. Although sonication has been shown to be faster than Soxhlet extraction, it also requires large volumes of toxic and expensive organic solvents. However, such methods do not provide correct data either on the amount of phenolics compounds or on their ...
Under Our Feet: Soil Microorganisms as Primary Drivers of Essential
... Soil fertility, or its capacity to enrich natural and agricultural plants, is dependent upon three interacting components: physical fertility, chemical fertility and biological fertility. Physical fertility refers to the physical properties of the soil, including its structure, texture and water abs ...
... Soil fertility, or its capacity to enrich natural and agricultural plants, is dependent upon three interacting components: physical fertility, chemical fertility and biological fertility. Physical fertility refers to the physical properties of the soil, including its structure, texture and water abs ...
Neotropical Anachronisms: The Fruits the Gomphotheres Ate
... to figs or Spondias fruits, there is usually a much larger fruit crop than they can eat. 8) In present-day forests, a high proportion of a tree’s fruit crop rots in the tree or on the ground beneath it without being tasted by any potential dispersal agent. This is true even in those national parks w ...
... to figs or Spondias fruits, there is usually a much larger fruit crop than they can eat. 8) In present-day forests, a high proportion of a tree’s fruit crop rots in the tree or on the ground beneath it without being tasted by any potential dispersal agent. This is true even in those national parks w ...
Download Frugivory by introduced black rats (Rattus rattus) promotes dispersal of invasive plant seeds
... Invasive species, defined here as species that are non-native and cause ecological or economic impact (Lockwood et al. 2007), are transforming landscapes worldwide through their effects on biogeochemical cycles and native species distributions (Vitousek and Walker 1989; Rizzo and Garbelotto 2003; Lo ...
... Invasive species, defined here as species that are non-native and cause ecological or economic impact (Lockwood et al. 2007), are transforming landscapes worldwide through their effects on biogeochemical cycles and native species distributions (Vitousek and Walker 1989; Rizzo and Garbelotto 2003; Lo ...
A comparison between conventional and organic farming practices 1
... conducted and samples were collected to measure a suite of physical and chemical parameters. To obtain a representative sample of soil, a ‘W’ shaped path sampling strategy was observed, avoiding untypical areas, taking 10 samples; which were bulked (MAFF 2000). Samples were obtained from 0- 200 mm d ...
... conducted and samples were collected to measure a suite of physical and chemical parameters. To obtain a representative sample of soil, a ‘W’ shaped path sampling strategy was observed, avoiding untypical areas, taking 10 samples; which were bulked (MAFF 2000). Samples were obtained from 0- 200 mm d ...
Distribution Ecology: Variation in Plant Recruitment over a Gradient
... et al. 1977, Maiorana 1981), lead to apparent habitat the area of the plants' least abundance. Adult mortalrestriction (Huffaker and Kennett 1959, Harper 1969), ity, finally, must not be greatest where plant density and contribute to replacement of two species along a is lowest. If the alternative h ...
... et al. 1977, Maiorana 1981), lead to apparent habitat the area of the plants' least abundance. Adult mortalrestriction (Huffaker and Kennett 1959, Harper 1969), ity, finally, must not be greatest where plant density and contribute to replacement of two species along a is lowest. If the alternative h ...
MgrsIssues.pps
... Resistance management: need to support efforts by pesticide companies and regulatory agencies to develop strategies for resistance management among the suite of available herbicide. Vetting of mgt schemes by scientific community. New aquatic herbicides limited to use by agencies. Flowing water situa ...
... Resistance management: need to support efforts by pesticide companies and regulatory agencies to develop strategies for resistance management among the suite of available herbicide. Vetting of mgt schemes by scientific community. New aquatic herbicides limited to use by agencies. Flowing water situa ...
The effect of seed size on seed fate in a subtropical
... others showed that medium-sized seeds would be removed away more frequently than both large or small ones (Theimer 2003, Wang & Yang 2014). Seed size is usually found to be positively correlated to the transportation distance by rodents (Xiao et al. 2005, Moore et al. 2007, Takahashi et al. 2007), w ...
... others showed that medium-sized seeds would be removed away more frequently than both large or small ones (Theimer 2003, Wang & Yang 2014). Seed size is usually found to be positively correlated to the transportation distance by rodents (Xiao et al. 2005, Moore et al. 2007, Takahashi et al. 2007), w ...