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Temperature-Dependent Third Cumulant of Tunneling Noise C.W. J. Beenakker, M. Kindermann,
Temperature-Dependent Third Cumulant of Tunneling Noise C.W. J. Beenakker, M. Kindermann,

... [4]. The pictures are strikingly different from what was expected theoretically. The slope varies by an order of magnitude between low and high voltages, and for certain samples even changes sign. Such a behavior is expected for a diffusive conductor [5], but not for a tunnel junction. Although the ...
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... dropped: many integrated applications do not need low output impedance; moreover, the slew rate permitted by the gain stage can be sufficient for the application. If the op-amp is intended to drive a small purely capacitive load, which is the case in many switched capacitor or data conversion applic ...
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Opto-isolator



In electronics, an opto-isolator, also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator, is a component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. Opto-isolators prevent high voltages from affecting the system receiving the signal. Commercially available opto-isolators withstand input-to-output voltages up to 10 kV and voltage transients with speeds up to 10 kV/μs.A common type of opto-isolator consists of an LED and a phototransistor in the same opaque package. Other types of source-sensor combinations include LED-photodiode, LED-LASCR, and lamp-photoresistor pairs. Usually opto-isolators transfer digital (on-off) signals, but some techniques allow them to be used with analog signals.
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