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Multi-item Memory in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
Multi-item Memory in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex

... (Fuster and Alexander, 1971; Kubota and Niki, 1971; Fuster, 1973; Funahashi et al., 1989; Miller et al., 1996). What about multiple items? Is information about all of them reflected in PFC activity? If so, how might this be accomplished? One possible scenario is that there is a separate population o ...
Studying musical imagery: Context and intentionality
Studying musical imagery: Context and intentionality

... signaled on their mobile phones at random times throughout the day, for a period of seven days. At each signal, participants filled out a short experience sampling form which asked for information about their current activity, location and mood, and for details of any real or imaged music they were ...
Machine_Consciousness_IJCNN_2010
Machine_Consciousness_IJCNN_2010

... to remove ambiguity from philosophers’ discussion about intelligence or various types of intelligence, but to describe mechanisms and the minimum requirements for the machine to be considered intelligent. In a similar effort, we will try to define machine consciousness in functional terms, such that ...
Superior encoding enhances recall in color
Superior encoding enhances recall in color

... themselves. Under this model, synesthesia could partially arise from unusually stable links between different sensory experiences, such as color and words, which persist implicitly in perceptual memory and give rise to synesthesia. Other investigators have found different patterns of memory advantag ...
Characterizing cognition in ADHD: beyond executive dysfunction
Characterizing cognition in ADHD: beyond executive dysfunction

... times (SSRT) in ADHD (Cohen’s effect size, dZ0.58) [18]. However, several potential confounds complicate the interpretation of this difference. First, children with ADHD also exhibit significantly slower RTs to Go stimuli (dZ0.52) which may disproportionately influence the calculation of the SSRT. S ...
Influences of emotion on context memory while viewing film clips
Influences of emotion on context memory while viewing film clips

... watched on television?”) or in the form of a statement (e.g., “Many people think that dogs make great pets”). At test, participants were first asked to recall as many topics as possible. After this item recall test, a context recognition was given in which an item (question or statement) was presente ...
Disordinal triple dissociations in recognition2
Disordinal triple dissociations in recognition2

Events, narratives and memory
Events, narratives and memory

... two memory systems, both in terms of function and the neural structures involved (e.g. McKoon et al. 1986; Rubin and Umanath 2015). It is generally agreed, however, that episodic memory is concerned with the conscious recall of specific past experiences, whereas semantic memory involves the storage ...
Age-Related Deficits in Face Recognition are - Turk
Age-Related Deficits in Face Recognition are - Turk

... ALISON FIRESTONE1, NICHOLAS B. TURK-BROWNE2 AND JENNIFER D. RYAN1 ...
Executive function and PTSD: Disengaging from trauma Robin L. Aupperle
Executive function and PTSD: Disengaging from trauma Robin L. Aupperle

what`s ahead
what`s ahead

... In a program of research spanning three decades, Elizabeth Loftus and her colleagues have shown that the memories of eyewitnesses are also influenced by the way in which questions are put to the witness and by suggestive comments made during an interrogation or interview. In one classic study, the r ...
Ciccarelli 6: Memory - Gordon State College
Ciccarelli 6: Memory - Gordon State College

Working memory and retrieval: A resource
Working memory and retrieval: A resource

Exam - Vcaa
Exam - Vcaa

... In an experiment studying the impact of meditation on stress, the control group should A. not meditate at all. B. meditate as often as the experimental group. C. be able to choose whether to meditate or not. D. meditate more often than the experimental group. Question 23 In an experiment, it is esse ...
Neural model for learning-to-learn of novel task sets in
Neural model for learning-to-learn of novel task sets in

... (...) would be able to autonomously explore its environment not to fulfill predefined tasks but driven by some form of intrinsic motivation that pushes it to search for situations where learning happens efficiently”. In this paper, we focus more on the idea that the rewards are self-generated by the ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Marketers try to get consumers to remember certain key meanings associated with their marketing ...
CHAPtER 6 Process of memory
CHAPtER 6 Process of memory

... making it less distinct and harder to read (retrieval). Retrieval would be harder if your handwriting was poor (an encoding–retrieval interaction) and if the writing was smudged (a storage–retrieval interaction) (Baddeley, 2009). Although many models have advanced understanding of the process of mem ...
Implicit and Explicit Memory and Learning
Implicit and Explicit Memory and Learning

... hippocampus and related structures in the medial temporal lobe, or to the mammillary bodies and related structures in the diencephalon. In 1968, Warrington and Weiskrantz reported an experiment in which amnesic patients were asked to study a list of familiar words. Compared with control subjects, th ...
Identifying the Micro-relations Underpinning Familiarity
Identifying the Micro-relations Underpinning Familiarity

... comprised of several individual items which are connected or related to each other. It is proposed that cognitive knowledge structures are developed through extended engagement within a domain and repeated exposure to performance scenarios. As a result, through their development over time, these kno ...
Encoding and Retrieval from Long-Term Memory
Encoding and Retrieval from Long-Term Memory

... He cannot remember the people, places, and objects he sees, even after repeated encounters. He rapidly forgets both face-to-face conversations and songs heard on the radio, he cannot remember where he lives or who cares for him, and he even has difficulty recalling what he has eaten. It is clear tha ...
The Concept of Memory
The Concept of Memory

... discriminate between the word’s old and new senses. (2) While I shall lay heavy emphasis upon the common-sense meanings of memory-words, this is not (nevernever-never!) to imply, as is so frequent in contemporary linguistic philosophy, that this ordinary-language usage is in clean-limbed robust hea ...
Episodic Future Thought: Contributions From Working
Episodic Future Thought: Contributions From Working

... Evidence for Shared Mechanisms Supporting Past and Future Autobiographical Events Evidence from several domains of research support the idea of similar neurocognitive mechanisms underlying both episodic memory and future thought. Case studies of amnesiac patients indicate that the loss of episodic m ...
expertise within real-life situations
expertise within real-life situations

... And in addition to the tone of moral indignation (that is, the outrage he feels when people use fire as a means of hurting others), note how Mr Powell, in common with many other experts, sees the entire issue in terms of remarkably strong personal motivations. That is, his job is not just to be ther ...
Chapter 5: Cognitive Learning I: Understanding Effective Thinking
Chapter 5: Cognitive Learning I: Understanding Effective Thinking

During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks
During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks

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Mind-wandering

Mind-wandering (sometimes referred to as task-unrelated thought) is the experience of thoughts not remaining on a single topic for a long period of time, particularly when people are not engaged in an attention-demanding task.Mind-wandering tends to occur during driving, reading and other activities where vigilance may be low. In these situations, people do not remember what happened in the surrounding environment because they are pre-occupied with their thoughts. This is known as the decoupling hypothesis. Studies using event-related potentials (ERPs) have quantified the extent that mind-wandering reduces the cortical processing of the external environment. When thoughts are unrelated to the task at hand, the brain processes both task relevant and unrelated sensory information in a less detailed manner.Mind-wandering appears to be a stable trait of people and a transient state. Studies have linked performance problems in the laboratory and in daily life. Mind-wandering has been associated with possible car accidents. Mind-wandering is also intimately linked to states of affect. Studies indicate that task-unrelated thoughts are common in people with low or depressed mood. Mind-wandering also occurs when a person is intoxicated via the consumption of alcohol.It is common during mind-wandering to engage in mental time travel or the consideration of personally relevant events from the past and the anticipation of events in the future. Poet Joseph Brodsky described it as a “psychological Sahara,” a cognitive desert “that starts right in your bedroom and spurns the horizon.” The hands of the clock seem to stop; the stream of consciousness slows to a drip. We want to be anywhere but here.Studies have demonstrated a prospective bias to spontaneous thought because individuals tend to engage in more future than past related thoughts during mind-wandering.
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