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2 - UTRGV Faculty Web
2 - UTRGV Faculty Web

... passes down through the layered protocols – A given layer adds information and forms a packet – The computer transmits the final packet • When a packet arrives – The packet passes up through the protocol layers – A given layer performs processing and passes the packet up to the next layer – The appl ...
Ch02
Ch02

... • Each layer performs a subset of the required communication functions • Each layer relies on the next lower layer to perform more primitive functions • Each layer provides services to the next higher layer • Changes in one layer should not require ...
Ch02
Ch02

... 2.4 TCP/IP Protocol Architecture • Developed by the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) for its packet switched network (ARPANET) • Used by the global Internet • No official model but a working one. Application layer Transport layer ...
Chapter 2 Protocols and Architecture
Chapter 2 Protocols and Architecture

... • Control information is added to user data at each layer • Transport layer may fragment user data • Each fragment has a transport header added ...
Semester One
Semester One

... Media access control What does the data link layer provide? ...
Networking and communication
Networking and communication

... TCP/IP Encapsulation  User data is sent from the application layer to the transport layer  The OS adds a TCP header that identify the source and destination ports, forming a TCP segment, and sends that to the network layer  In the network layer, an IP header identifying the source and destination ...
Chapter 10
Chapter 10

... Hosts participate in most all network protocols Implements end-to-end error detection and recovery Choose routers Handle ICMP control messages ...
ppt - CSE Home
ppt - CSE Home

... Protocol Standards Different functions require different protocols  Thus there are many protocol standards  E.g., IP, TCP, UDP, HTTP, DNS, FTP, SMTP, NNTP, ARP, Ethernet/802.3, 802.11, RIP, OPSF, 802.1D, NFS, ICMP, IGMP, DVMRP, IPSEC, PIM-SM, BGP, …  Organizations: IETF, IEEE, ITU  IETF (www.ie ...
Week One
Week One

... • At each layer, protocols are used to communicate • Control information is added to user data at each layer • Transport layer may fragment user data • Each fragment has a transport header added – Destination SAP – Sequence number – Error detection code ...
Introduction to Distributed Systems & Networking
Introduction to Distributed Systems & Networking

... – send bits on a link: transmitter/receiver [clock, modulation,…] – send packet on each hop [framing, error detection,…] – send packet end to end [addressing, routing] – pace transmissions [detect congestion] – retransmit erroneous or missing packets [acks, timeout] – find destination address from n ...
ICN lecture1 - OSI & TCP_IP
ICN lecture1 - OSI & TCP_IP

... worldwide agreement on international standards. An ISO standard that covers all aspects of network communications is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Layered Architecture based on services provided Peer-to-Peer Processes Transparency Encapsulation ...
(M1) why are protocols important
(M1) why are protocols important

(P2) Protocols
(P2) Protocols

Click here to free sample.
Click here to free sample.

... 2. The most widely used protocol architecture is the ________ protocol suite, which consists of physical, network access, internet, transport, and application layers. 3. In the TCP/IP protocol architecture, the ________ layer is concerned with specifying the characteristics of the transmission mediu ...
Introduction - Reference Models
Introduction - Reference Models

... • Service, interface, and protocol not distinguished • Not a general model • Host-to-network “layer” not really a layer • No mention of physical and data link layers • Minor protocols deeply entrenched, hard to replace ...
Chapter 2 Protocols and Architecture
Chapter 2 Protocols and Architecture

... • Developed by the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) for its packet switched network (ARPANET) • Used by the global Internet • No official model but a working one. —Application layer —Host to host or transport layer —Internet layer —Network access layer —Physical layer ...
Chapter 2 Protocols and Architecture
Chapter 2 Protocols and Architecture

... • Developed by the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) for its packet switched network (ARPANET) • Used by the global Internet • No official model but a working one. —Application layer —Host to host or transport layer —Internet layer —Network access layer —Physical layer ...
Chapter 2 Protocols and Architecture
Chapter 2 Protocols and Architecture

... • Developed by the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) for its packet switched network (ARPANET) • Used by the global Internet • No official model but a working one. —Application layer —Host to host or transport layer —Internet layer —Network access layer —Physical layer ...
LAN BASICS
LAN BASICS

... function as a file server and serve files to Windows clients ...
TCP/IP Support Protocols
TCP/IP Support Protocols

... Network Time Protocol Clock synchronization across all network computers make() utility must have consistent times when directories are cross-mounted. Management of the system demands seeing when activities occur ...
Distributed Information System 2010 SUMMARY
Distributed Information System 2010 SUMMARY

... client-server P2P hybrid ...
TCP/IP
TCP/IP

... • Each datagram has source and destination addresses • IP determines if the datagram has reached its destination or if it must be forwarded – If it must be forwarded, IP determines the next hop ...
Week 1 - DePaul University
Week 1 - DePaul University

... Figure 2.21 shows two computers communicating via the Internet. The sending computer is running three processes at this time with port addresses a, b, and c. The receiving computer is running two processes at this time with port addresses j and k. Process a in the sending computer needs to communica ...
Ref_Models
Ref_Models

... • ethernet topology: original topology was bus, as above. Signals broadcast in both directions to all receivers. • can also be configured as tree, but uses same protocol. ...
Chapter 2 Protocols and Architecture
Chapter 2 Protocols and Architecture

... • Developed by the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) for its packet switched network (ARPANET) • Used by the global Internet • No official model but a working one. —Application layer —Host to host or transport layer —Internet layer —Network access layer —Physical layer ...
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Internet protocol suite



The Internet protocol suite is the computer networking model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP, because among many protocols, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) is the accepted and most widely used protocol in Internet. Often also called the Internet model, it was originally also known as the DoD model, because the development of the networking model was funded by DARPA, an agency of the United States Department of Defense.TCP/IP provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination. This functionality is organized into four abstraction layers which are used to sort all related protocols according to the scope of networking involved. From lowest to highest, the layers are the link layer, containing communication technologies for a single network segment (link); the internet layer, connecting hosts across independent networks, thus establishing internetworking; the transport layer handling host-to-host communication; and the application layer, which provides process-to-process application data exchange.The TCP/IP model and related protocol models are maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
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