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Exchange Rate Risk and Interest Rate: A Case
Exchange Rate Risk and Interest Rate: A Case

... a positive but insignificant coefficient for the expected exchange rate depreciation inthe interest rate equation.6 On the other hand, when we include exchange rate risk as an additional explanatory variable for the interest rate, the interest rate equation shows that the estimated coefficient of th ...
Fiscal Stimulus and Labor Market Policies in Europe!
Fiscal Stimulus and Labor Market Policies in Europe!

... The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we aim at reconsidering measures of the …scal multiplier in a standard New Keynesian model with involuntary unemployment2 and with labor market frictions in the form of labor turnover costs, which allow for an endogenous determination of hiring and …ring ...
Enabling work
Enabling work

... political consensus that the UK should be aspiring towards a form of full employment.9 Unless more is done to support disabled people to find and sustain meaningful employment, this ambition is unlikely to be achieved. The significant economic and social gains of a rise in the disability employment ...
JAPANESE FINANCE: A SURVEY
JAPANESE FINANCE: A SURVEY

... be misleading, or at least incomplete. But, for the moment, it does serve to introduce the next two Japanese financial prices whose behavior has raised puzzles. ...
European Public Finances and the Great Recession: France
European Public Finances and the Great Recession: France

Draft Country- Pilot Study on the Dominican Republic
Draft Country- Pilot Study on the Dominican Republic

... Section VI draws final conclusions and formulates policy advice, in the form of key elements of an action plan to attract and negotiate high value-adding investment. ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics

... policy, especially between government debt, deficits, and government spending, and interest rates. A large body of empirical studies documents that an increase in government deficits or debt either has statistically insignificant effects on interest rates or raises them by a statistically significan ...
GASB Statement No. 54 and Iowa School Districts
GASB Statement No. 54 and Iowa School Districts

... or assets held for sale • If the proceeds must be used for a specific purpose, classify based on the constraint • Other long-term receivables are usually offset by the deferred revenue liability and there is no fund balance as a result ...
NCEA Level 2 Accounting (91177) 2012
NCEA Level 2 Accounting (91177) 2012

... to borrow more funding from outsiders if required. The fact that the ratio declined due to a loan to purchase new property, plant and equipment should not be of concern as the new property, plant and equipment can be used to generate profits next year, which will increase equity ...
The World in Balance Sheet Recession
The World in Balance Sheet Recession

... Note: For the latest f igures, 4 quarter averages ending with 4Q/11' are used. Sources: Bank of Japan, Flow of Funds Accounts, and Government of Japan, Cabinet Of f ice, National Accounts ...
ECN 111 Chapter 7 Lecture Notes
ECN 111 Chapter 7 Lecture Notes

... Labor contracts that link the wage to the CPI artificially raise wage rates if the CPI is overstated. 2. Increases in Government Outlays Close to a third of federal government outlays are linked to the CPI. If the 1.1 percentage point bias is accurate, the government will spend almost a trillion dol ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SCHUMPETERIAN PROFITS IN THE AMERICAN ECONOMY:
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SCHUMPETERIAN PROFITS IN THE AMERICAN ECONOMY:

... Statistics (BLS) for their calculations of multifactor productivity. The analysis here primarily uses a margin defined as total property income divided by total costs (m1). This margin is available from the BLS data and has relatively few conceptual difficulties.7 ...
Ch 31
Ch 31

Chapter 30
Chapter 30

... Example: In addition to W = 8, Ye = 12, PL = 14.5, r = 3.5, mpc = 0.75, and T = 3, assume, investment expenditures total $2.75 trillion, government expenditures total $3 trillion, exports total $2 trillion, and mpm = 0.25. Derive the AE equation. AE = [8 + 12 – 14.5 – 3.5 – 0.75 ∙ 3 + 2.75 + 3 + 2 ] ...
Towards a quantitative theory of automatic stabilizers_ The role of
Towards a quantitative theory of automatic stabilizers_ The role of

... deviation. We report the relative volatility, given by the standard deviation of each age group relative to the standard deviation of the group aged between 40 and 49. Fig. 1 displays the results for a large cross-section of OECD countries. It reveals an ubiquitous u-shaped relationship between age ...
demographic changes and fiscal policy in mena countries
demographic changes and fiscal policy in mena countries

... Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region countries have unique demographic characteristics. Within the MENA region, Arab countries have higher fertility and population growth rates and a significantly younger age structure than other countries and regions. This can be a “demographic gift or a demo ...
The Impact of the Global Crisis on Cuba`s Economy and Social
The Impact of the Global Crisis on Cuba`s Economy and Social

... 21 per cent of GDP, and the balance of trade turned negative (x2.9 per cent of GDP in 2008). External debt, which had grown from 9.8 per cent of GDP in 2002 to 15.2 per cent in 2004, increased further to 15.8 per cent in 2008. The fiscal deficit doubled that year and reached its highest level in the d ...
32.1 the short-run phillips curve
32.1 the short-run phillips curve

... 32.2 SHORT-RUN AND LONG-RUN ... But if aggregate demand increases to AD2 and aggregate supply changes to AS2, the price level rises by 7 percent to 107. In both cases, real GDP remains at $10 trillion, and because the economy is at full employment, unemployment remains at the natural unemployment r ...
Sample Questions 3 - U of L Class Index
Sample Questions 3 - U of L Class Index

... you to look at replacing them with a line of supersized clubs. Which of the following is NOT relevant? A) A reduction in revenues of $300,000 from terminating the oversized line of clubs. B) Land you own with a market value of $750,000 that may be used for the project. C) $200,000 spent on research ...
The Thatcher Experiment: The First Two Years
The Thatcher Experiment: The First Two Years

... half of all union members belonging to (postentry) closed shops. Moreover, single-employer agreements have replaced earlier industry-wide agreements concluded by employers' associations and trade unions. In today's environment, "the driving force behind pay increases in the private sector is coming ...
Investment, Capacity, and Uncertainty: A Putty-Clay Approach 1 FRBSF Working Paper 2002-03
Investment, Capacity, and Uncertainty: A Putty-Clay Approach 1 FRBSF Working Paper 2002-03

... We begin with the steady-state analysis and consider both partial and general equilibrium implications. The partial equilibrium analysis focuses on the intensive margin where the decision is how much to invest per project, while the general equilibrium analysis takes into account movements in relat ...
Controls of capitals in emergent economies
Controls of capitals in emergent economies

... capacity utilization, external debt as a ratio of GDP, net exports as a ratio of GDP and level of domestic rate of interest under different initial conditions for the level of external debt. After that, we analyze the degree of economy’s fragility to external shocks as, for example, variations in th ...
Revenue Strategy - Shire of Esperance
Revenue Strategy - Shire of Esperance

... depreciation expense is considered to be understated as it is based upon historical cost of the assets rather than the current replacement cost. Fair value will be fully implemented at the conclusion of the 2014/15 financial year with depreciation being reported under full fair value basis for the 2 ...
2010 - About KLP
2010 - About KLP

... Over several years the Company has built up solvency that provides the strength to cope with unexpected events. It means that we can fulfil our prime objective which is to bear risk and contribute to safeguarding important social undertakings. The total costs of the fire damage for KLP Skadeforsikri ...
Counterparty A
Counterparty A

... To invest a maturity greater than the investor’s horizon, but then to hedge the interest rate risk in futures, forwards, or other derivatives. ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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