A simple method to switch endogenous and exogenous
... reduction of local subsidies). On the trade balance, the impact of FDI is generally positive, but it can increase the import of equipment goods in the short run. But when capacities build up, they will be more productive, more profitable, and create more export potential. Also, a higher disinf ...
... reduction of local subsidies). On the trade balance, the impact of FDI is generally positive, but it can increase the import of equipment goods in the short run. But when capacities build up, they will be more productive, more profitable, and create more export potential. Also, a higher disinf ...
The profit investment nexus Michael Roberts
... This argument is spelt out even more explicitly, by David Levy, Martin Farnham and Samira Ryan at the Jerome Levy Forecasting Center7. The authors state that the profits equation identifies the “sources of profits = investment, non-business saving (households), dividends and profit taxes.” This sugg ...
... This argument is spelt out even more explicitly, by David Levy, Martin Farnham and Samira Ryan at the Jerome Levy Forecasting Center7. The authors state that the profits equation identifies the “sources of profits = investment, non-business saving (households), dividends and profit taxes.” This sugg ...
Saving rate
... Declining US Saving Rate Household savings declined since mid 1980s 0.4% of household income in 2006 US rates low compared to other countries Low household savings rates may have long-run consequences, but Low household saving can be offset by savings in businesses or government Nationa ...
... Declining US Saving Rate Household savings declined since mid 1980s 0.4% of household income in 2006 US rates low compared to other countries Low household savings rates may have long-run consequences, but Low household saving can be offset by savings in businesses or government Nationa ...
Forecasting Business Investment using the Capital expenditure survey
... this nominal profile must then be combined with forecasts of investment prices to generate a forecast for real investment. Firms’ expectations of future capital expenditure can differ from their realised capital expenditure because circumstances change (for example, economic growth may turn out stro ...
... this nominal profile must then be combined with forecasts of investment prices to generate a forecast for real investment. Firms’ expectations of future capital expenditure can differ from their realised capital expenditure because circumstances change (for example, economic growth may turn out stro ...
How America Saves 2017 - Pressroom
... Participants using catch-up contributions (when offered) Participants using Roth (when offered) Participants using after-tax (when offered) Employee deferrals—page 33 Average participant deferral rate Median participant deferral rate Percentage of participants deferring more than 10% Voluntary enrol ...
... Participants using catch-up contributions (when offered) Participants using Roth (when offered) Participants using after-tax (when offered) Employee deferrals—page 33 Average participant deferral rate Median participant deferral rate Percentage of participants deferring more than 10% Voluntary enrol ...
The countercyclical capital buffer in Spain: an
... The implementation of the three requirements will be phased-in from January 2016 onwards, reaching their full effect in January 2019. Under these transitional arrangements the CCB can be activated at a maximum of 0.625% of RWAs from January 2016. After that, the maximum possible CCB level increases ...
... The implementation of the three requirements will be phased-in from January 2016 onwards, reaching their full effect in January 2019. Under these transitional arrangements the CCB can be activated at a maximum of 0.625% of RWAs from January 2016. After that, the maximum possible CCB level increases ...
Cumulative impact of financial regulation in Sweden
... risk buffer, capital conservation buffer, countercyclical capital buffer and pillar II requirements. We suggest that such proposals may lead to substantial costs for the Swedish economy. Key facts supporting this conclusion are as follows: Overall funding costs will rise if Swedish banks are forced ...
... risk buffer, capital conservation buffer, countercyclical capital buffer and pillar II requirements. We suggest that such proposals may lead to substantial costs for the Swedish economy. Key facts supporting this conclusion are as follows: Overall funding costs will rise if Swedish banks are forced ...
Supplementary Paper Series for the "Comprehensive Assessment
... 2.1 Effects and Transmission Channels of Real Interest Rate Cuts in Q-JEM Using Q-JEM, we start by examining the transmission channels through which a cut in real interest rates stimulates economic activity and prices.7 To this end, we look at the multipliers in Q-JEM in the case of a 1 percentage p ...
... 2.1 Effects and Transmission Channels of Real Interest Rate Cuts in Q-JEM Using Q-JEM, we start by examining the transmission channels through which a cut in real interest rates stimulates economic activity and prices.7 To this end, we look at the multipliers in Q-JEM in the case of a 1 percentage p ...
And Yet It Grows: Crisis, Ideology, and Interventionist Policy
... between 1975 and 2010. In addition, we create two variables that distinguish between a hard crisis and a soft crisis operationalized as follows: Hard crises are defined so that the cumulative GDP losses for the corresponding economy have to be larger than four percent of GDP, while all other crises ...
... between 1975 and 2010. In addition, we create two variables that distinguish between a hard crisis and a soft crisis operationalized as follows: Hard crises are defined so that the cumulative GDP losses for the corresponding economy have to be larger than four percent of GDP, while all other crises ...
Recent Local Financial System Reform (Trinity Reform)
... critical financial situation. The national treasury subsidy and obligatory share system and approval system of local government loans have been singled out as limiting the independence of the financial and administrative operations of local governments. The local allocation tax system has also been ...
... critical financial situation. The national treasury subsidy and obligatory share system and approval system of local government loans have been singled out as limiting the independence of the financial and administrative operations of local governments. The local allocation tax system has also been ...
A small model of the UK economy - Office for Budget Responsibility
... The New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) relates current inflation to expectations of future inflation and marginal cost pressures. That the inflation process is forward-looking follows from the price-setting behaviour of firms, which is assumed to follow Calvo (1983). The basic premise is that in ea ...
... The New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) relates current inflation to expectations of future inflation and marginal cost pressures. That the inflation process is forward-looking follows from the price-setting behaviour of firms, which is assumed to follow Calvo (1983). The basic premise is that in ea ...
Nature and extent of employment flexibility among artisans in SA
... relationship across the world, especially in formal employment. Thus, about 70 per cent of employment in Europe and United States are permanent , as were most jobs created in the 2000s in Brazil and Argentina (Maurizio, 2014 in ILO: 2015). However, there has been a shift away from the standard empl ...
... relationship across the world, especially in formal employment. Thus, about 70 per cent of employment in Europe and United States are permanent , as were most jobs created in the 2000s in Brazil and Argentina (Maurizio, 2014 in ILO: 2015). However, there has been a shift away from the standard empl ...
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... profit level. Furthermore, the specific profit level recommended, five percent, was established apparently without meaningful statistical support. Subsequent studies and reports began to question the appropriateness of ignoring investment income. This concern intensified in the 1960s and 1970s, as i ...
... profit level. Furthermore, the specific profit level recommended, five percent, was established apparently without meaningful statistical support. Subsequent studies and reports began to question the appropriateness of ignoring investment income. This concern intensified in the 1960s and 1970s, as i ...
An Ov erview w of TRS S and O
... Retirement benefits are based on statutory formulas. The monthly standard annuity is currently calculated as the number of years of service credit multiplied by 2.3 percent of the average of the highest five annual salaries and then divided by 12. A standard annuity is available at age 65 with at le ...
... Retirement benefits are based on statutory formulas. The monthly standard annuity is currently calculated as the number of years of service credit multiplied by 2.3 percent of the average of the highest five annual salaries and then divided by 12. A standard annuity is available at age 65 with at le ...
SBL 52 Analysis and Report December 2005
... Abstract: By comparing with the main component indices in China Stock Market, the report about the analysis on market performance, correlation and risk return can indicate SBL Component Index is high qualified. The research’s period is between Nov. 1to Nov. 30 of 2005. The data comes from SBL Invest ...
... Abstract: By comparing with the main component indices in China Stock Market, the report about the analysis on market performance, correlation and risk return can indicate SBL Component Index is high qualified. The research’s period is between Nov. 1to Nov. 30 of 2005. The data comes from SBL Invest ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Generational Accounting around the World
... economies with no adjustment costs, factor returns are determined by the capital-labor ratio. Since the capital stock is fixed in the short run and since labor supply is fairly inelastic in the AK model, the capital-labor ratio changes gradually in response to policy change^.^ Consequently, factor r ...
... economies with no adjustment costs, factor returns are determined by the capital-labor ratio. Since the capital stock is fixed in the short run and since labor supply is fairly inelastic in the AK model, the capital-labor ratio changes gradually in response to policy change^.^ Consequently, factor r ...
Will China Escape the Middle-income Trap? A Politico
... the language of Acemoglu et al. (2006), state capitalism may be appropriate to promote growth at an early stage of development, but may become impossible to reform at a later stage when it becomes a burden on further economic development. To answer these two questions about China’s growth and polit ...
... the language of Acemoglu et al. (2006), state capitalism may be appropriate to promote growth at an early stage of development, but may become impossible to reform at a later stage when it becomes a burden on further economic development. To answer these two questions about China’s growth and polit ...
Europe’s Fiscal Crisis Revealed: In-Depth Analysis of Spending, Austerity, and Growth
... that, while fiscal adjustments do not always trigger immediate economic growth, spending-based adjustments are much less costly in terms of output than tax-based ones. In fact, when governments try to reduce the debt by raising taxes, it is likely to result in deep and pronounced recessions, possib ...
... that, while fiscal adjustments do not always trigger immediate economic growth, spending-based adjustments are much less costly in terms of output than tax-based ones. In fact, when governments try to reduce the debt by raising taxes, it is likely to result in deep and pronounced recessions, possib ...
Chapter 1: Introduction
... At each stage in the building of our sticky-price macroeconomic model, the preceding topic will serve as a necessary foundation. The analysis of inflation and expectations in Chapter 12 will rest on the analysis of aggregate demand and aggregate supply in Chapter 11. The analysis of monetary equilib ...
... At each stage in the building of our sticky-price macroeconomic model, the preceding topic will serve as a necessary foundation. The analysis of inflation and expectations in Chapter 12 will rest on the analysis of aggregate demand and aggregate supply in Chapter 11. The analysis of monetary equilib ...
The Economic Impacts of Removing Unauthorized
... declines in state GDP. We estimate that GDP in California, for example, will ultimately fall by $103 billion annually—or roughly a 5 percent drop—if mass deportation occurs. Large declines will also occur in other states such as Texas, New York, and New Jersey, with the effects spread across industr ...
... declines in state GDP. We estimate that GDP in California, for example, will ultimately fall by $103 billion annually—or roughly a 5 percent drop—if mass deportation occurs. Large declines will also occur in other states such as Texas, New York, and New Jersey, with the effects spread across industr ...
Taxa Real de Câmbio, Mobilidade de Capitais e Mudança
... McCombie and Roberts: “There are numerous studies estimating import and export demand functions as part of a test of Thirwall’s law, and these generally report estimated price elasticities that are either statistically insignificant, low or have a priori unexpected signs”(2002, p.92). These studies, ...
... McCombie and Roberts: “There are numerous studies estimating import and export demand functions as part of a test of Thirwall’s law, and these generally report estimated price elasticities that are either statistically insignificant, low or have a priori unexpected signs”(2002, p.92). These studies, ...
Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Presentation
... The need for SEZ and Government’s policy • SEZ policy introduced on 1/4/2000 in India • To increase exports • SEZ can be set up by private, public, joint sector or by the state government • Convert EPZ to SEZ ...
... The need for SEZ and Government’s policy • SEZ policy introduced on 1/4/2000 in India • To increase exports • SEZ can be set up by private, public, joint sector or by the state government • Convert EPZ to SEZ ...
Chapter 5
... attributed either to individuals (1111) or to corporations and other enterprises (1112). When the information needed to determine whether taxes should be attributed to either of these categories is not available, the taxes are treated as unallocable (1113). Income taxes on estates are treated as tax ...
... attributed either to individuals (1111) or to corporations and other enterprises (1112). When the information needed to determine whether taxes should be attributed to either of these categories is not available, the taxes are treated as unallocable (1113). Income taxes on estates are treated as tax ...
doc
... shrink inward; if the point of saving/consumption is to the left of the steady-state equilibrium point, then the economy will grow and the PPF will shift outward corporate saving: firms can earn profits and plow them back into their businesses – this is considered part of saving corporations m ...
... shrink inward; if the point of saving/consumption is to the left of the steady-state equilibrium point, then the economy will grow and the PPF will shift outward corporate saving: firms can earn profits and plow them back into their businesses – this is considered part of saving corporations m ...