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This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... National Bureau of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... National Bureau of Economic Research

... governing the stock of money influences the relative prices of money delivered at different times and different states. In turn, the current relative prices of money to deliver at different points of time in the future, which are, in other words, collectively called the term-structure of interest rates ...
The Interest Rate Effect on Private Saving: Alternative Perspectives
The Interest Rate Effect on Private Saving: Alternative Perspectives

... interest rates should lead people to spend now rather than later and therefore discourage saving. Recently, debates have proliferated regarding the effectiveness of negative interestrate policy. Some people have argued that negative interest rates may not work as central bankers expect. As for the l ...
When It Rains, It Pours: Procyclical Capital Flows and
When It Rains, It Pours: Procyclical Capital Flows and

... suppose that physical capital is added to the basic model described above and that the business cycle is driven by productivity shocks. Then, a temporary and positive productivity shock would lead to an increase in saving (for the consumption smoothing motives described above) and to an increase in ...
Waco Metro Area Economic Outlook for 2016
Waco Metro Area Economic Outlook for 2016

KELLOGG CO (Form: 10-K, Received: 02/24/2014 16
KELLOGG CO (Form: 10-K, Received: 02/24/2014 16

... dairy products, eggs, and other filling ingredients, which are obtained from various sources. Most of these commodities are purchased principally from sources in the United States. We enter into long-term contracts for the commodities described in this section and purchase these items on the open ma ...
Methodology Book
Methodology Book

... However, subsequently, when the company comes out with its Annual results for the year ended Jun2005, there is no need to calculate the trailing 12-month figures, since the reported figures are already for a period of 12 months. In case of US, CA, GB and IE: As explained above, generally, MSCI compu ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BUSINESS CYCLES IN EMERGING ECONOMIES: Pablo A. Neumeyer
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BUSINESS CYCLES IN EMERGING ECONOMIES: Pablo A. Neumeyer

... cannot account for the magnitude of the fluctuations in economic activity observed at the onset and at the end of a stabilization plan. The quantitative exercise carried out in this paper suggests that fluctuations in country risk might provide the amplification mechanism needed to reconcile data an ...
MEASURING PRODUCTION AND INCOME, Chapter 2
MEASURING PRODUCTION AND INCOME, Chapter 2

... thereby private investment, aggregate demand and output. 9.1.2B. The small open economy with its own currency. The interest rate is fixed but the exchange rate is flexible. Main lesson: Fiscal policy is less effective in a small open economy. Increased government spending or lower net taxes increase ...
The Economic Value of Timing Higher Order (Co
The Economic Value of Timing Higher Order (Co

...  The dollar-weighted return and the time-weighted return will produce the same result if no withdrawals or contributions occur over the period and if all investment income is reinvested  The problem with the dollar-weighted rate of return is that it is affected by factors beyond the control of the ...
Technology Industry on Financial Ratios and Stock Returns
Technology Industry on Financial Ratios and Stock Returns

... perceive desirable gain. Furthermore managers can get benefits on monitoring and reviewing the operation in case there is inconsistency between financial ratios and stock returns. Also, the lenders can use for supporting a decision whether they should to renew company’s loan or not. ...
Sample Chapter - McGraw Hill Higher Education
Sample Chapter - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... single period. But often you will be interested in average returns over longer periods of time. For example, you might want to measure how well a mutual fund has performed over the preceding five-year period. In this case, return measurement is more ambiguous. Consider a fund that starts with $1 mil ...
Inflation: The Influence of Inflation on Equity Returns
Inflation: The Influence of Inflation on Equity Returns

... these expenses on to its customers, thereby increasing revenues and maintaining net cash flows. The result is that cash flows are protected from the affects of inflation and continue to accrue to the equity investor. Unfortunately, this depiction of stocks is incomplete. It is common to measure infl ...
Full text - Toulouse School of Economics
Full text - Toulouse School of Economics

... CIH tests the effects of eliminating this adjustment, of excluding children under 10, and of excluding adults older than 70. In our calculations, we rely on data from spreadsheets provided by CIH staff, which include more detail but occasionally differ from the description in their report.2 (It appe ...
Strategies and Options for Scaling up and
Strategies and Options for Scaling up and

Egypt - COMESA Monetary Institute
Egypt - COMESA Monetary Institute

... De Arcangelis and Lamartine (2003) have employed data for the USA, West Germany, France, and Italy. The authors have supported Perotti’s (2002) evidence about the weak impact of fiscal policy shocks on the economy. Additionally, Fernández and De Cos (2006) have used data for Spain. They have found ...
Real-Time Estimation of Trend Output and Kevin J. Lansing *
Real-Time Estimation of Trend Output and Kevin J. Lansing *

... cian believed that Fed policymakers were responding to the deviation of nominal income growth from a long-run target growth rate. Over the course of 1,000 model simulations, I find that the econometrician almost always obtains a positive and strongly significant regression coefficient on the lagged fed ...
3354:1-20-07 Investment policy
3354:1-20-07 Investment policy

... (4) Encouraging effective communications between College Board members, the Investment Committee including its Investment Advisor, and Officers, Directors, and staff of Cuyahoga Community College. (5) Establishing formal criteria to monitor, evaluate, and compare, on a regular and ongoing basis, the ...
Morningstar® Investor Return™ Methodology
Morningstar® Investor Return™ Methodology

... produce funds that promote sound investment strategies. If these fund families instead promote trendy funds or short-term trading, they are not looking out for the investor’s long term interest. Fund families that advertise short-term returns and promote high-risk funds will likely have funds with l ...
A model of secular stagnation
A model of secular stagnation

... both theoretical and empirical analysis). In that work, typically, this shock leads to a temporary reduction in the real interest rate as debtors pay down their debt and savers need to compensate for the drop in overall spending by increasing their spending. Once the deleveraging process is complete ...
Monetary Policy Spillovers and the Trilemma in the - UW
Monetary Policy Spillovers and the Trilemma in the - UW

... also tested the linkages of stock market price changes and the sovereign bond spread between the center and non-center economies. However, the results are much less robust or yield fewer insightss at times. Hence, we omit reporting and discussing the results, though they can be found in our working ...
Presentation Titles Are Arial 36pt
Presentation Titles Are Arial 36pt

... Businesses and governments in more than 165 countries around the globe rely on the comprehensive content, expert independent analysis and flexible delivery methods of IHS to make high-impact decisions and develop strategies with speed and confidence. IHS has been in business since 1959 and became a ...
Approaching storm. Report on transformation Central and Eastern Europe and the eurozone crisis
Approaching storm. Report on transformation Central and Eastern Europe and the eurozone crisis

... Bulgaria and Slovenia, while the situation in Belarus is made complicated by a huge dependence on exports to Russia. Another type of problem may be caused by an export monoculture (excessive dependence on a single type of exported goods), especially if the market for those goods is very sensitive to ...
Assessment of the 2015 Convergence Programme for CROATIA
Assessment of the 2015 Convergence Programme for CROATIA

... deficit outcome by 2.1 pps. compared to plans), which were however more than offset by (3) significantly lower-than-anticipated revenue growth (increasing the deficit outcome by 2.9 pps. compared to plans). In turn, the revenue shortfall in 2014 can be explained in part by a statistical reclassifica ...
Monetary Policy report
Monetary Policy report

... cent. However, the Federal Reserve has begun tapering its monthly bond purchases. So far, decisions have been made to reduce these purchases by a total of USD 20 billion, to USD 65 billion a month. Market participants are expecting the Federal Reserve to reduce its bond purchases by a further USD 10 ...
THE (TRUE) COST OF INVESTING
THE (TRUE) COST OF INVESTING

... individual investors, can push total annual expenses into the 7% range.4 According to Bankrate.com,4 examples of unusually low REIT yields and high prices aren’t hard to find, with many posting dividend yields well below historical norms due in part to a persistently low interest rate environment. S ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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