Long-Run Stock Returns: Participating in the
... of GDP). The factors include inflation, EPS, dividends per share, P/E, the dividend-payout ratio, book value per share, return on equity, and GDP per capita.6 We first decomposed historical equity returns into various sets of components based on six methods. Then, we used each method to examine each ...
... of GDP). The factors include inflation, EPS, dividends per share, P/E, the dividend-payout ratio, book value per share, return on equity, and GDP per capita.6 We first decomposed historical equity returns into various sets of components based on six methods. Then, we used each method to examine each ...
Pricing Flood Insurance - Resources for the Future
... possible. For example, some states and countries restrict the ability of insurance companies to price based on age, income, or gender when writing an automobile insurance policy, even if data show accident risk correlated with these factors.4 As another example, it has been observed that state insur ...
... possible. For example, some states and countries restrict the ability of insurance companies to price based on age, income, or gender when writing an automobile insurance policy, even if data show accident risk correlated with these factors.4 As another example, it has been observed that state insur ...
Government expenditure composition and fiscal policy spillovers in
... We examine the implications of government expenditure that is complementary to private consumption, and government investment that can improve the productivity of private capital in a global DSGE model. We show that government investment can improve an economy’s external competitiveness and stimulat ...
... We examine the implications of government expenditure that is complementary to private consumption, and government investment that can improve the productivity of private capital in a global DSGE model. We show that government investment can improve an economy’s external competitiveness and stimulat ...
Basics of Engineering Economy
... Viewed from a future perspective Future amount = CV amount (1+f)n Example: If it costs $82.20 today, in five years it will cost $100 if inflation is 4% per year ...
... Viewed from a future perspective Future amount = CV amount (1+f)n Example: If it costs $82.20 today, in five years it will cost $100 if inflation is 4% per year ...
The Fiscal Impact of Immigration
... Social Security are back-loaded costs expended closer to the end of the recipient’s life span. The intertemporal structure of many government programs makes age a relevant factor in analyzing the fiscal costs of immigration, but so do other factors such as the skill level, fertility, and language ab ...
... Social Security are back-loaded costs expended closer to the end of the recipient’s life span. The intertemporal structure of many government programs makes age a relevant factor in analyzing the fiscal costs of immigration, but so do other factors such as the skill level, fertility, and language ab ...
Bank of England Inflation Report August 2006
... term. That process may have started to unwind more recently with the tightening of monetary policy around the world. Liquidity growth has eased in the United States and Japan in recent months, although it has remained strong in the United Kingdom and the euro area (Chart 1.2). Uncertainty about grow ...
... term. That process may have started to unwind more recently with the tightening of monetary policy around the world. Liquidity growth has eased in the United States and Japan in recent months, although it has remained strong in the United Kingdom and the euro area (Chart 1.2). Uncertainty about grow ...
ng09 Harding 11163165 en
... revenues? Does Norway implement the hydrocarbon permanent income hypothesis (HC‐PIH) in the sense that it borrows against future hikes in hydrocarbon revenues and that public consumption reacts to permanent hydrocarbon revenues? However, a key challenge for Norway is its rapidly graying populatio ...
... revenues? Does Norway implement the hydrocarbon permanent income hypothesis (HC‐PIH) in the sense that it borrows against future hikes in hydrocarbon revenues and that public consumption reacts to permanent hydrocarbon revenues? However, a key challenge for Norway is its rapidly graying populatio ...
... stemming from rapid loan expansion and deterioration in the current account balance. The European Central Bank reluctantly joined the ranks of the Federal Reserve, Bank of England and Bank of Japan, which have engaged in monetary expansion, due to fast growing debt problems in Europe. As a result, m ...
AFRICA`S GROWTH EXPERIENCE A Focus on Sources of Growth
... and 1973. For most countries, however, the subsequent two decades were a period of stagnation or decline. Pritchett (1998) shows that there was typically a single main break in the growth trends for most African economies occurring at some point between 1973 and 1980, followed by persistent stagnati ...
... and 1973. For most countries, however, the subsequent two decades were a period of stagnation or decline. Pritchett (1998) shows that there was typically a single main break in the growth trends for most African economies occurring at some point between 1973 and 1980, followed by persistent stagnati ...
The economic impact of Air Passenger Duty Analytical update
... £18bn larger than it otherwise would have been under the current APD regime. ...
... £18bn larger than it otherwise would have been under the current APD regime. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ANTICIPATED RAMSEY REFORMS AND THE UNIFORM TAXATION PRINCIPLE:
... This paper presents an investigation into the role of asset market completeness for the properties of optimal policy in dynamic general equilibrium models of the macroeconomy. We focus on environments in which it is possible for individual agents to insure themselves against policy uncertainty. An i ...
... This paper presents an investigation into the role of asset market completeness for the properties of optimal policy in dynamic general equilibrium models of the macroeconomy. We focus on environments in which it is possible for individual agents to insure themselves against policy uncertainty. An i ...
Fixed Prices and Expenditure Plans
... The consumption function has shifted upward over time because economic growth has created greater wealth and higher expected future income. The assumed MPC in the figure is 0.9. ...
... The consumption function has shifted upward over time because economic growth has created greater wealth and higher expected future income. The assumed MPC in the figure is 0.9. ...
The Thick Market Effect on Local Unemployment Rate Fluctuations ∗
... cities on average have shorter unemployment cycles and shallower recessions. Because a larger city typically generates more unemployed workers during each time period, it takes less time for the city’s labor market to reach a large enough size. Therefore, its labor market becomes active more frequen ...
... cities on average have shorter unemployment cycles and shallower recessions. Because a larger city typically generates more unemployed workers during each time period, it takes less time for the city’s labor market to reach a large enough size. Therefore, its labor market becomes active more frequen ...
How to Discount Cashflows with Time
... a 1-month or a 3-month T-bill return. However, it is highly unlikely that over the long horizons of many corporate capital budgeting problems the riskless rate remains constant. Since the total expected return comprises both a riskfree rate and a risk premium, adjusted by a factor loading, time-vary ...
... a 1-month or a 3-month T-bill return. However, it is highly unlikely that over the long horizons of many corporate capital budgeting problems the riskless rate remains constant. Since the total expected return comprises both a riskfree rate and a risk premium, adjusted by a factor loading, time-vary ...
Social Security and Unsecured Debt
... the optimal allocation across risky and riskless assets without actually investing any of their social security wealth in risky assets, a fact we illustrate in Section 4. Thus, exemptions allow us to address one criticism of the current social security system without the costly and politically prob ...
... the optimal allocation across risky and riskless assets without actually investing any of their social security wealth in risky assets, a fact we illustrate in Section 4. Thus, exemptions allow us to address one criticism of the current social security system without the costly and politically prob ...
SUPERVALU INC (Form: 10-K, Received: 04/24
... Any statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding the outlook for the Company’s businesses and their respective markets, such as projections of future performance, guidance, statements of the Company’s plans and objectives, forecasts of market trends and other matters, are forwar ...
... Any statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding the outlook for the Company’s businesses and their respective markets, such as projections of future performance, guidance, statements of the Company’s plans and objectives, forecasts of market trends and other matters, are forwar ...
Income distribution and borrowing. A New Cambridge model for the
... Our interpretation of the crisis For the U.S., it became clear, in the second half of the 1990s, that the private sector had started to reduce systematically its NAFA, getting into debt. The “new economy” period could then be interpreted as debtfuelled growth, as suggested in Godley (1999), implyin ...
... Our interpretation of the crisis For the U.S., it became clear, in the second half of the 1990s, that the private sector had started to reduce systematically its NAFA, getting into debt. The “new economy” period could then be interpreted as debtfuelled growth, as suggested in Godley (1999), implyin ...
Principles of Macroeconomics, Case/Fair/Oster, 10e
... or a Decrease in Net Taxes (T) interest sensitivity or insensitivity of planned investment The responsiveness of planned investment spending to changes in the interest rate. Interest sensitivity means that planned investment spending changes a great deal in response to changes in the interest rate; ...
... or a Decrease in Net Taxes (T) interest sensitivity or insensitivity of planned investment The responsiveness of planned investment spending to changes in the interest rate. Interest sensitivity means that planned investment spending changes a great deal in response to changes in the interest rate; ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... quarters following the trough. Even if one accounts for the fact that tight monetary policy before the peak continues to depress the economy for several years, the net effect of monetary policy in ending recessions has been substantial. We reach this conclusion through a series of steps. Section 2 a ...
... quarters following the trough. Even if one accounts for the fact that tight monetary policy before the peak continues to depress the economy for several years, the net effect of monetary policy in ending recessions has been substantial. We reach this conclusion through a series of steps. Section 2 a ...
Secular Stagnation, Rational Bubbles, and Fiscal
... policy can share this burden between the young and the old. Consider a policy rule where the government commits to issuing a …xed amount of debt every period. It repays the debt from the previous period by receipts of the sale of new bonds this period. During an investment slump, the price of these ...
... policy can share this burden between the young and the old. Consider a policy rule where the government commits to issuing a …xed amount of debt every period. It repays the debt from the previous period by receipts of the sale of new bonds this period. During an investment slump, the price of these ...
The Risk-Free Rate`s Impact on Stock Returns with Representative
... The fund management industry has grown sharply since the 1970s and this development has increased their fraction of the stock market activity dramatically. This has resulted in an increased possibility for diversification and access to new markets for households, but not without introducing other pr ...
... The fund management industry has grown sharply since the 1970s and this development has increased their fraction of the stock market activity dramatically. This has resulted in an increased possibility for diversification and access to new markets for households, but not without introducing other pr ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... likely to be particularly important for developing economies. For many LDCs, investment as a fraction of GDP has fallen during the 1980s, despite moderate growth. Yet the success of macroeconomic policy in these countries requires increases in private investment. This has created a sort of Catch-22 ...
... likely to be particularly important for developing economies. For many LDCs, investment as a fraction of GDP has fallen during the 1980s, despite moderate growth. Yet the success of macroeconomic policy in these countries requires increases in private investment. This has created a sort of Catch-22 ...
The Effect of Dividend Tax Relief on Investment Incentives
... which the company may deduct interest payments, to finance their activities. This may make corporate capital structures too rigid and too vulnerable to bankruptcy and financial distress. In addition, by distinguishing between dividends, taxed as ordinary income, and retained earnings and share repur ...
... which the company may deduct interest payments, to finance their activities. This may make corporate capital structures too rigid and too vulnerable to bankruptcy and financial distress. In addition, by distinguishing between dividends, taxed as ordinary income, and retained earnings and share repur ...
O Are We Investing Too Little?
... Compared to the straight-line pattern used previously, geometric patterns lead to faster depreciation for structures in their younger years and slower depreciation in their older years.4 That is, structures initially depreciate more quickly but then last much longer. So buildings and other structure ...
... Compared to the straight-line pattern used previously, geometric patterns lead to faster depreciation for structures in their younger years and slower depreciation in their older years.4 That is, structures initially depreciate more quickly but then last much longer. So buildings and other structure ...