• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
2000 AP Macroeconomics Scoring Guidelines - AP Central
2000 AP Macroeconomics Scoring Guidelines - AP Central

... a) higher income/real GDP increases imports b) higher domestic price level increases imports c) higher interest rate leads to appreciated $ which will increase imports [Note: if only assert $ increases vs. other currencies, no point in part iii.] iv. (1 point) Exports decrease with an explanation: a ...
Completed Presentation
Completed Presentation

... the invested amount without having to annuitize the investment. The amount that can be withdrawn is based on a percentage of the total amount invested in the annuity. ...
The New View On Monetary Policy: The New Consensus And Its
The New View On Monetary Policy: The New Consensus And Its

... The New View On Monetary Policy: The New Consensus And Its ...
The New View On Monetary Policy: The New Consensus And Its
The New View On Monetary Policy: The New Consensus And Its

... The New View On Monetary Policy: The New Consensus And Its ...
Preparing for population ageing
Preparing for population ageing

... As to importing workers and talents from outside, Hong Kong has over the  years put in place various schemes targeted towards bringing in foreign low‐skilled  workers  and  professionals. 8     While  a  labour  importation  scheme  generally  represents a direct  way of expanding the existing manpo ...
Midterm 3
Midterm 3

... Above is the degree of effort (or productivity) a typical employee might offer according to the wage paid. The employer wants to pay wage W1 because that wage maximizes the value of output per dollar spent on wages. Suppose the government passes new labor market regulation making it more difficult t ...
APS6
APS6

... etc. Monetary policies to try: increase the discount rate, increase the required reserve ratio, open market sales, etc. All the above policies will shift the aggregate demand curve to the left so that we achieve the full/potential employment again but this time at point C. What “cost” do you pay to ...
r - Control and Cybernetics
r - Control and Cybernetics

... The game between trade unions and workers may have some effects on the reotiers. In fact, in so far trade unions succeed in reducing the monopolistic exploitation, the rate of interest (and therefore the rentiers' income) will tend to be reduced to such an extent as to restore the dynamic equilibriu ...
THE CHALLENGE OF PENSION REFORM IN GEORGIA:
THE CHALLENGE OF PENSION REFORM IN GEORGIA:

... Given rising international interest in non-contributory pensions – particularly during the last two decades – this paper might contribute to the economic literature by describing these pensions, their effect in alleviating poverty, and reforms associated with them. Additionally, this paper might hol ...
What effect has quantitative easing had on your share
What effect has quantitative easing had on your share

... Equity P/E ratios have not moved outside their long-run averages. Median 1-year forward P/E ratio, excluding financials, for S&P 500 index, end-of-year values ...
Chapter 18
Chapter 18

... conditions (FCI) is likely to include market indicators such as equity prices and credit spreads but could also include indicators of bank credit supply. Because financial markets vary frequently, a slavish response to these changes can make monetary policy unnecessarily volatile. However, attentio ...
Chapter 10: Inflation and Unemployment
Chapter 10: Inflation and Unemployment

... _____________ indexed to inflation rates maintain their purchasing power, while those with ______________ indexed or _____________ incomes lose purchasing power. Borrowers win if the actual inflation is _____________ than anticipated inflation. Lenders win if actual inflation is __________ than anti ...
Understanding the World Economy Final Exam – Indicative answers
Understanding the World Economy Final Exam – Indicative answers

... 7. In Smalland, firms set prices (P) at a mark-up of 10% over costs. Costs are all in the form of wages (W) so that P = (1.1) W. Labour unions enter into bargains with firms on wages. The higher is unemployment the less powerful are unions and the lower is the real wage they can achieve in negotiat ...
How to get income from your pension
How to get income from your pension

... paying income tax on the money. Play the annual allowance system to your advantage. Some people – those who have sold a new product, painting or received an advance, for example – may only in certain years acquire money to pay into a pension. However, you can carry over unused allowances from the pr ...
94教育原理與制度
94教育原理與制度

... increasing aggregate demand. (B) decreases other short-term interest rates, which increases investment, thereby increasing aggregate demand. (C) increases other short-term interest rates, which decreases investment, thereby decreasing aggregate demand. (D) raises the exchange rate so that net expor ...
Interest Rates - McGraw Hill Higher Education
Interest Rates - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... Federal funds rate falls Money supply rises Interest rate falls Investment spending increases Aggregate demand increases LO5 ...
Exercise Sheet 1
Exercise Sheet 1

... (a) Derive an expression for the marginal product of labor. How does an increase in the amount of human capital affect the marginal product of labor? Can you give some intuition why this might be the case? (b) Derive an expression for the marginal product of human capital. How does an increase in th ...
29 U.S. INFLATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND BUSINESS CYCLES**
29 U.S. INFLATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND BUSINESS CYCLES**

... The money wage rate rises to reflect the higher expected price level. The rise in money wages decreases the short-run aggregate supply and the SAS curve shift leftward to SAS0. The price level rises to 120 and the economy returns to its potential GDP. First the inflation rate increases from 5 percen ...
The supermultiplier model
The supermultiplier model

... Considering equation (8), we observe that if g z rise, given s, then Z/Xn must fall. How can this happen? Consider that 1 = I/Xn + C/Xn + Z/Xn. We already observed that whenever g z rises, then I/Xn must rise too. Since the share of consumption on normal output C/Xn is constant – it is indeed equal ...
Uruguay_en.pdf
Uruguay_en.pdf

... international crisis. Credit to the resident private sector increased in the fourth quarter of 2009, raising total lending by 6% by year’s end. This translated into a US$ 3.031 billion increase in assets in the financial system. Non-financial private-sector deposits in both local and foreign currenc ...
File
File

... • Measures the value of the market basket of goods in a given year compared to its value in the base year (1982-1984) • 154 in 1992: prices are 54% higher in 1992 compared to the base year • 40 in 1950: prices are 60% lower in 1950 compared to the base year. ...
Demographic Change, Relative Factor Prices, International Capital
Demographic Change, Relative Factor Prices, International Capital

... welfare? What are the additional effects of ongoing pension reforms that convert the pay-as-yougo (PAYGO) pension systems into multi-pillar systems with potentially large capital stocks? The basic effects are intuitive: First, the changes in the population structure will alter aggregate labor supply ...
Free - 2010 Macro FRQ Click Here
Free - 2010 Macro FRQ Click Here

... Answer 1.(c)(i): 1 pt for stating that the SRAS will shift to the left because the Increase in AD would result in more inflation so workers will demand higher wages AND showing PL2 correctly in part (a)’s graph. 1.(c)(ii) 1 pt for explaining that the actual PL is higher than the expected PL, or wage ...
Econ 102 Alan Deardorff Winter 2007 Homework #2 Solutions Econ
Econ 102 Alan Deardorff Winter 2007 Homework #2 Solutions Econ

... a) An increase of foreign direct investment into the US from Europe is caused by a decline in the value of the European currency, the euro. Foreign Direct Investment will increase the capital stock in the US, and the productivity of other factors of production, like labor. This will lead to increase ...
Topic1 - Stanford University
Topic1 - Stanford University

... Inflation remains “well-anchored” near 2%. Unemployment, at 8%, remains above Fed’s estimate of the “natural rate” (around 6%). Weak jobs and other data  building pressure on the Fed. ...
< 1 ... 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 ... 371 >

Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report