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Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy

... The Keynesian view is that fiscal stimulus (an increase in government outlays or a decrease in tax revenues) has a multiplier effect and boosts real GDP and employment. The mainstream view is that the multiplier from fiscal stimulus is lower than Keynesians believe and that the long-run effects from ...
Answers to Homework #3
Answers to Homework #3

... The current unemployment rate is 10%. To reduce the unemployment rate to 7%, we need that 300 unemployed workers find jobs. This requires the output to increase by 3*$10,000=$30,000. f) After the change in the level of output in the question (e), what’s the GDP growth rate between year 2008 and 2009 ...
Guaranteed Accumulation funds
Guaranteed Accumulation funds

... is regulated by the Isle of Man Financial Services Authority which ensures that the Company has sound and professional management and provision has been made to protect policy owners. For life assurance companies authorised in the Isle of Man, the Isle of Man’s Life Assurance (Compensation of Policy ...
MBS Note
MBS Note

... – Income and house price changes In general, not sensitive to mortgage rate ...
EN EN Results of in-depth reviews under Regulation (EU) No 1176
EN EN Results of in-depth reviews under Regulation (EU) No 1176

... Property transactions seem to be recovering, albeit modestly. On the rental market, rent increases have become more pronounced than in recent years. Surcharges are being used to encourage tenants with high incomes, remaining in the regulated rental segment, to move into private rental or owner-occup ...
Types of Investment - Lancashire County Council
Types of Investment - Lancashire County Council

... period as the employing authority may allow. The transitional provisions enable persons who are active members with a previous deferred benefit as at 1 April 2004, to make such an election within 12 months of that date. Where a member could have elected to aggregate a period of membership but did no ...
CEQ Fiscal Policy and Redistribution in Latin America
CEQ Fiscal Policy and Redistribution in Latin America

... Country “prototypes” in terms of Equity (of CEQ 4 dimensions) • By government size, we end up with two distinct categories: large government countries (Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil) and small government countries (Mexico and Peru). • In terms of redistribution, each country represents a “prototype ...
Plan Investments in Bank Collective Investment Funds
Plan Investments in Bank Collective Investment Funds

... to ERISA and Department of Labor (DOL) regulations. OCC bank regulators conduct periodic on-site examinations, during which they review and test bank policies, procedures, systems, and risk management, as well as an institution’s compliance with the applicable banking and other regulations and laws ...
December 17, 2012
December 17, 2012

... survivors of deceased workers. In all, more than 56 million Americans currently receive some type of Social Security benefit. Those benefits are financed primarily by payroll taxes collected on people's earnings. The CBO anticipates that starting in 2016, if current laws remain in place, the program ...
Is the Corporate Income Tax Regressive?
Is the Corporate Income Tax Regressive?

... breaks that corporations receive on their investments. Japan has a much higher effective rate — 39 percent. But some countries have much lower effective rates; for example, Portugal’s effective corporate tax rate is about 19 percent. High corporate taxes encourages U.S. corporations to invest overse ...
Election Platform ( Word Version)
Election Platform ( Word Version)

... The property industry is WA’s largest employer and touches the lives of all West Australians in providing housing, workplaces and a lively and interesting built environment. The WA property industry provides jobs for more than 205,000 Western Australians, pays more than $6 billion in state taxes and ...
Chap011 - Zietlow, John
Chap011 - Zietlow, John

... affect not only the level of output and prices but the mix of output as well – Can government spending and tax policies ensure full employment? – What policy actions will help fight inflation? – What are the risks of government intervention? ...
Bank of England Inflation Report November 2009
Bank of England Inflation Report November 2009

... (a) Chart 5.2 represents a cross-section of the GDP fan chart in 2010 Q4 for the market interest rate projection. It has been conditioned on the assumption that the stock of purchased assets financed by the issuance of central bank reserves reaches £200 billion and remains there throughout the forec ...
Table 1 - Riccardo Fiorito
Table 1 - Riccardo Fiorito

...  In some cases (AT, BE, FR, SW) the discretionary share is about constant over time  In other cases GD (DE FI, I, UK, US) share tends to fall over time, strongly in Japan.  Overall, the tendency to increase the government spending/GDP ratio (GY) is due to an increase of the automatic (GN) compone ...
Chapter 10
Chapter 10

... Saving adds to wealth. Wealth also increases when the value of assets rises, which is called capital gains. Thus, Wealth = Saving + Net capital gains ...
Chapter 1
Chapter 1

... 3. The real interest rate is determined by the supply of and demand for loanable funds. The real interest rate will remain constant when saving and investment (plus any budget deficit/surplus) do not change. The nominal interest rate would fall as a result of any event that causes in this model a r ...
Fiscal Rules and Countercyclical Policy: Frank Ramsey Meets
Fiscal Rules and Countercyclical Policy: Frank Ramsey Meets

... smoothing. By contrast, this paper notes that the removal of persistent current primary deficits—through either a fiscal rule or a once-and-for-all fiscal reform—permits smoother tax rates than otherwise.10 Over an infinite horizon, the welfare gains implied by moving closer to a Ramsey regime— lowe ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TAX REFORM Patric H. Hendershott David C. Ling
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TAX REFORM Patric H. Hendershott David C. Ling

... Current tax law provides tax advantages to owner—occupied housing that increase with a household's income. This well understood fact has led to periodic proposals to substitute a tax credit equal to, say, 25 percent of housing—related expenses for their current deductibility. Because all of the tax ...
bonds plus 400 fund - Insight Investment
bonds plus 400 fund - Insight Investment

... This document may not be used for the purposes of an offer or solicitation to anyone in any jurisdiction in which such offer or solicitation is not authorised or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation. The information in this document is general in nature and does no ...
Fiscal Responsibility Panel
Fiscal Responsibility Panel

... another similar island economy or the impact (perceived or real) of OECD tax initiatives, could also have a similar effect. Such a downgrade would not only impact on the Government’s borrowing costs and put further pressure on its already stressed budget – it would also have likely negative implica ...
non-discretionary portfolio - Alternative Capital Partners
non-discretionary portfolio - Alternative Capital Partners

Mid- to Long-term Economic Outlook
Mid- to Long-term Economic Outlook

... the ECB will terminate its quantitative easing in September 2016 and start raising interest rates from 2018. The BOJ’s exit strategy will be launched from 2018 after monitoring the impact of the consumption tax hike on the economy in FY2017. [ Outlook on policy interest rates in Japan, the US and Eu ...
Is a Very High Public Debt a Problem?
Is a Very High Public Debt a Problem?

... inflation that may result from the revival of private demand (which shifts the aggregate demand curve in Figure 4 from Yd1 to Yd2), central bank interest rate hikes are not the single possible route. There is an alternative: restrictive fiscal policy. Specifically, the government can raise taxes and ...
Fiscal Rules and Countercyclical Policy: Frank Ramsey
Fiscal Rules and Countercyclical Policy: Frank Ramsey

... new borrowing more under (R1) than (R0). Ex-post, governments may borrow or save. 24 The primary surplus ratio in any period is: ...
Revenue Statistics 2016
Revenue Statistics 2016

... Between 2014 and 2015, Ireland experienced unusually high GDP growth, at 32.4% in nominal terms (26.3% in real terms). This exceptionally high GDP growth was driven by transfers of intangible assets, including licences and patents, into the Irish jurisdiction by a number of multinational enterprises ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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