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... However, at the time the debt contract is priced the inflation premium is based on expected rates of future inflation. If these expectations differ from actual inflation rates during the life of the debt instrument either the lender or borrower can be adversely affected. ...
... However, at the time the debt contract is priced the inflation premium is based on expected rates of future inflation. If these expectations differ from actual inflation rates during the life of the debt instrument either the lender or borrower can be adversely affected. ...
chap10
... additional dollar of disposable income MPC = DC/DYd = slope of the consumption function (b in the example above) MPS = marginal propensity to save = ...
... additional dollar of disposable income MPC = DC/DYd = slope of the consumption function (b in the example above) MPS = marginal propensity to save = ...
Investment vs. Saving Why investing?
... return, while saving means put the money in a home safe, or a safe deposit box. Investments usually have a higher expected rate of return than saving, though sometimes investment can have negative returns. In exchange, there are risks involved with investment. ...
... return, while saving means put the money in a home safe, or a safe deposit box. Investments usually have a higher expected rate of return than saving, though sometimes investment can have negative returns. In exchange, there are risks involved with investment. ...
Deutsche Invest I Top Asia - Deutsche Asset Management
... • The fund invests in bonds, the value of which depends on whether the issuer is able to afford its payments. The deterioration of credit quality (ability and willingness to repay) may have an adverse affect on the value of the bond. • Due to its composition/the techniques used by the Fund managemen ...
... • The fund invests in bonds, the value of which depends on whether the issuer is able to afford its payments. The deterioration of credit quality (ability and willingness to repay) may have an adverse affect on the value of the bond. • Due to its composition/the techniques used by the Fund managemen ...
leaseurope index results: q2 2011 - NVL
... loan loss provisions, although income also remains weak. Although it is difficult to speak with any certainty, the run-up to the Brexit vote at the end of Q2, in addition to other headwinds affecting the European economy, are likely to have had a stifling effect on businesses and investment. Whether ...
... loan loss provisions, although income also remains weak. Although it is difficult to speak with any certainty, the run-up to the Brexit vote at the end of Q2, in addition to other headwinds affecting the European economy, are likely to have had a stifling effect on businesses and investment. Whether ...
chapter 23 fiscal policy: coping with inflation and
... Economists distinguish between the actual rate of unemployment and the natural rate of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment consists of workers who are frictionally and structurally unemployed. It is "natural" and the result of positive dynamic forces in the economy — people looking for be ...
... Economists distinguish between the actual rate of unemployment and the natural rate of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment consists of workers who are frictionally and structurally unemployed. It is "natural" and the result of positive dynamic forces in the economy — people looking for be ...
chapter 8 fiscal policy: coping with inflation and
... Economists distinguish between the actual rate of unemployment and the natural rate of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment consists of workers who are frictionally and structurally unemployed. It is "natural" and the result of positive dynamic forces in the economy — people looking for be ...
... Economists distinguish between the actual rate of unemployment and the natural rate of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment consists of workers who are frictionally and structurally unemployed. It is "natural" and the result of positive dynamic forces in the economy — people looking for be ...
mmi03-westermann 223302 en
... generally, guarantees are implicit in the exchange rate rules and monetary policies a country follows. One could argue that all countries follow policies that aim to avoid systemic crises and therefore have implicit bailout schemes. Since in middle income countries the real exchange rate tends to be ...
... generally, guarantees are implicit in the exchange rate rules and monetary policies a country follows. One could argue that all countries follow policies that aim to avoid systemic crises and therefore have implicit bailout schemes. Since in middle income countries the real exchange rate tends to be ...
2010:2 Monetary policy and financial stability – some future
... flation can differ quite considerably from the inflation target, for example due to temporary increases in energy prices, without households and companies finding it particularly alarming. They rely on the Riksbank to return inflation to target within a couple of years. More or less at the same tim ...
... flation can differ quite considerably from the inflation target, for example due to temporary increases in energy prices, without households and companies finding it particularly alarming. They rely on the Riksbank to return inflation to target within a couple of years. More or less at the same tim ...
PDF Download
... insufficient indicator. A major reason is that various long-term government payment obligations, notably in Social Security and Medicare, are underfinanced and the shortfall is not included in the national debt. Gokhale and Smetters (2003) argue that the government should report two more informative ...
... insufficient indicator. A major reason is that various long-term government payment obligations, notably in Social Security and Medicare, are underfinanced and the shortfall is not included in the national debt. Gokhale and Smetters (2003) argue that the government should report two more informative ...
archivos de economía
... points in the labour demographic structure. In contrast, middle-aged workers, between the ages of 42 and 52, increase their participation by about 6 percentage points. Additionally, the oldest workers, between the ages of 62 and 71, continually increase their share in the labour demographic structur ...
... points in the labour demographic structure. In contrast, middle-aged workers, between the ages of 42 and 52, increase their participation by about 6 percentage points. Additionally, the oldest workers, between the ages of 62 and 71, continually increase their share in the labour demographic structur ...
Finding the Equilibrium Real Interest Rate in a
... estimates. First, we show that the estimates are subject to omitted variable or even omitted equation bias. What appear to be trends in the equilibrium interest rate may instead be trends in other policy variables that affect the economy. While such problems have always made it difficult to find and ...
... estimates. First, we show that the estimates are subject to omitted variable or even omitted equation bias. What appear to be trends in the equilibrium interest rate may instead be trends in other policy variables that affect the economy. While such problems have always made it difficult to find and ...
Definitions and terminology Shift from Money Supply Target to
... 1. The closed-economy government spending multiplier is smaller than (1/(1-mpc)) if the Fed maintains a money supply target. Because when G goes up, PAE goes up, Y goes up due to the multiplier effect. But when Y goes up, Md goes up because the economy demands more money to spend their additional in ...
... 1. The closed-economy government spending multiplier is smaller than (1/(1-mpc)) if the Fed maintains a money supply target. Because when G goes up, PAE goes up, Y goes up due to the multiplier effect. But when Y goes up, Md goes up because the economy demands more money to spend their additional in ...
The Effect of Chinese Monetary Policy on Banking During the Global
... sharply, especially the credit risk of local government financing platform and real estate, which caused widespread concern. The reasons for the high credit risk of local government financing platform are as follows: first, the commitment letter of local government repayment presented to commercial ...
... sharply, especially the credit risk of local government financing platform and real estate, which caused widespread concern. The reasons for the high credit risk of local government financing platform are as follows: first, the commitment letter of local government repayment presented to commercial ...
fiscal policy
... According to supply-side economists, a tax cut increases the returns to working, saving, and investment and thus causes the aggregate supply curve to increase. In addition to these economic effects, supply-siders also believe that the government needs to look at tax revenues. If the tax rate wer ...
... According to supply-side economists, a tax cut increases the returns to working, saving, and investment and thus causes the aggregate supply curve to increase. In addition to these economic effects, supply-siders also believe that the government needs to look at tax revenues. If the tax rate wer ...
Chapter 27 PowerPoint
... Because a change in DI can be C or S, the sum of MPC and MPS for any change in DI will be 1. LO1 ...
... Because a change in DI can be C or S, the sum of MPC and MPS for any change in DI will be 1. LO1 ...
monetary-policy
... 1. The closed-economy government spending multiplier is smaller than (1/(1-mpc)) if the Fed maintains a money supply target. Because when G goes up, PAE goes up, Y goes up due to the multiplier effect. But when Y goes up, Md goes up because the economy demands more money to spend their additional in ...
... 1. The closed-economy government spending multiplier is smaller than (1/(1-mpc)) if the Fed maintains a money supply target. Because when G goes up, PAE goes up, Y goes up due to the multiplier effect. But when Y goes up, Md goes up because the economy demands more money to spend their additional in ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES OR SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUNDS
... tend to export capital). We show that this puzzle can be explained in our framework if the bargain that countries make when they embark on a path of rapid development involves not only a pickup in productivity growth but also an increase in the degree of idiosyncratic risk borne by individuals (like ...
... tend to export capital). We show that this puzzle can be explained in our framework if the bargain that countries make when they embark on a path of rapid development involves not only a pickup in productivity growth but also an increase in the degree of idiosyncratic risk borne by individuals (like ...
If a certain combination of goods or services lies outside the
... currency of a country 15. If the real interest rate in the United States increases relative to that of the rest of the world, capital should flow a. into the United States and the dollar will depreciate b. into the United States and the dollar will appreciate c. out of the United States and the doll ...
... currency of a country 15. If the real interest rate in the United States increases relative to that of the rest of the world, capital should flow a. into the United States and the dollar will depreciate b. into the United States and the dollar will appreciate c. out of the United States and the doll ...
Resource Wealth and Social Progress, April 23, 2014
... A better way to fight the Dutch disease is to invest part of the dollars earned from sale of oil in a national wealth fund Doing so absorbs part of the increased demand for dollars, reducing upward pressure on the krone (point E3 instead of E1) The national wealth fund invests in bonds or othe ...
... A better way to fight the Dutch disease is to invest part of the dollars earned from sale of oil in a national wealth fund Doing so absorbs part of the increased demand for dollars, reducing upward pressure on the krone (point E3 instead of E1) The national wealth fund invests in bonds or othe ...
Document
... Year 1: [5 food x $6 = $30; 2 clothing x $7 = $14; 3 shelters x $12 = $36, for dollar value of $80. CPI = 100 ($80/$80 x 100 = 100 for 1993)] Year 2: [5 food x $5 = $25; 2 clothing x $9 = $18; 3 shelters x $19 = $57, for dollar value of $100. CPI =125 ($100/$80 x 100 = 125% for 1994)] So, the CPI in ...
... Year 1: [5 food x $6 = $30; 2 clothing x $7 = $14; 3 shelters x $12 = $36, for dollar value of $80. CPI = 100 ($80/$80 x 100 = 100 for 1993)] Year 2: [5 food x $5 = $25; 2 clothing x $9 = $18; 3 shelters x $19 = $57, for dollar value of $100. CPI =125 ($100/$80 x 100 = 125% for 1994)] So, the CPI in ...
Causes and policy implications of the Dutch current account surplus
... concern. This is the case if the factors behind the surplus point to market failures or policy imperfections, or if the surplus underscores macroeconomic and financial risks.1 The persistent and large Dutch current account surplus is mainly explained by long-term structural factors associated with r ...
... concern. This is the case if the factors behind the surplus point to market failures or policy imperfections, or if the surplus underscores macroeconomic and financial risks.1 The persistent and large Dutch current account surplus is mainly explained by long-term structural factors associated with r ...
Crowding Out and Government Spending
... negative wealth effects of the taxes levied to pay that interest in periods subsequent to the initial borrowing. According to conventional economic theory, the public debt has two effects on the private sector: a positive wealth effect caused by debt interest (citizens who receive interest payments ...
... negative wealth effects of the taxes levied to pay that interest in periods subsequent to the initial borrowing. According to conventional economic theory, the public debt has two effects on the private sector: a positive wealth effect caused by debt interest (citizens who receive interest payments ...
Flexibility and security on the labour market: An analysis of the
... many national policy makers and experts that labour markets will work more efficiently the more they approximate to perfect, frictionless markets. In perfect markets rational actors perfectly anticipate all shocks, or at least turn uncertainties into tradable risks, against which they insure. It fol ...
... many national policy makers and experts that labour markets will work more efficiently the more they approximate to perfect, frictionless markets. In perfect markets rational actors perfectly anticipate all shocks, or at least turn uncertainties into tradable risks, against which they insure. It fol ...