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Grounding Transformer
Grounding Transformer

... A Grounding Transformer is used to provide a physical neutral for a power transformer with a delta connected downside. The Grounding Transformers neutral point has low impedance and is suitable for different grounding systems such as solid earthing, NER earthing (resistor) and resonance earthing (Ar ...
12- Stephan`s Law for Black Body Radiation
12- Stephan`s Law for Black Body Radiation

... Measure how the current through an electric light bulb varies as the applied voltage is changed. This will allow you to establish Stephan's Law for Black Body Radiation. Introduction: When an electric current flows through the filament in a light bulb the filament heats up. The filament loses heat i ...
Lecture 7 Overview - Welcome to the University of Delaware
Lecture 7 Overview - Welcome to the University of Delaware

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... relevant to the human race, is a truly renewable energy source. Sunlight can be directly converted into electricity by a photovoltaic effect of semiconductors. PV systems output power ranges from a few watts for applications such as calculators to mega watts power stations. These RES-based DG system ...
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... Another possibility is a variant of the original global busbar monitoring system. Here, instead of adding the two half-circuit voltages and subtracting from them the two scaled reference magnet voltages, we just subtract one of the half-circuit voltages from the other. An overheating splice on one s ...
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... approaches immediately. Among them, the most applicable approach in high-power systems is using pulse width modulation (PWM) dc–dc converters to generate PV characteristics. However, shunt resistors are required to limit output voltage at extremely high duty-ratio, and serial resistors are used to i ...
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... A thin layer of ice n = 1.309 floats on the surface of water n=1.333 in a bucket. A ray of light from the bottom of the bucket travels upward through the water. a. What is the largest angle with respect to the normal that the ray can make at the ice-water interface and still pass out into the air ab ...
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Switched-mode power supply



A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Like other power supplies, an SMPS transfers power from a source, like mains power, to a load, such as a personal computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics. Unlike a linear power supply, the pass transistor of a switching-mode supply continually switches between low-dissipation, full-on and full-off states, and spends very little time in the high dissipation transitions, which minimizes wasted energy. Ideally, a switched-mode power supply dissipates no power. Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio of on-to-off time. In contrast, a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating power in the pass transistor. This higher power conversion efficiency is an important advantage of a switched-mode power supply. Switched-mode power supplies may also be substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply due to the smaller transformer size and weight.Switching regulators are used as replacements for linear regulators when higher efficiency, smaller size or lighter weight are required. They are, however, more complicated; their switching currents can cause electrical noise problems if not carefully suppressed, and simple designs may have a poor power factor.
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