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Designing with the TL431. - Switching Power Magazine
Designing with the TL431. - Switching Power Magazine

... and is used by most power supply designers. For this type of control, the optimal compensation network is a Type II amplifier, an example of which is shown in Figure 1. In this configuration, a conventional operational amplifier is used to amplify the difference between the output voltage of the pow ...
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... Our arrangement for measuring e/m, the charge to mass ratio of the electron is a very simple set-up. It is based on Thomson’s method. The e/m-tube is bulb-like and contains a filament, a cathode, a grid, a pair of deflection plates and an anode. The tube is filled with helium at a very low pressure. ...
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... related to the series connection of the DC-DC converter outputs: noise transmission between the DC-DC converters, interference between the simultaneous MPPT controllers, high-side semiconductor driving in typical low-side DC-DC topologies, and overvoltage caused by mismatched conditions that could d ...
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... onboard which would degrade the input voltage noise. If the inputs can have a voltage difference of more than 0.7V, the input current should be limited to less than 10mA with external resistance (usually the feedback resistor or source resistor). Each input also has two ESD clamp diodes—one to each ...
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Switched-mode power supply



A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Like other power supplies, an SMPS transfers power from a source, like mains power, to a load, such as a personal computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics. Unlike a linear power supply, the pass transistor of a switching-mode supply continually switches between low-dissipation, full-on and full-off states, and spends very little time in the high dissipation transitions, which minimizes wasted energy. Ideally, a switched-mode power supply dissipates no power. Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio of on-to-off time. In contrast, a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating power in the pass transistor. This higher power conversion efficiency is an important advantage of a switched-mode power supply. Switched-mode power supplies may also be substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply due to the smaller transformer size and weight.Switching regulators are used as replacements for linear regulators when higher efficiency, smaller size or lighter weight are required. They are, however, more complicated; their switching currents can cause electrical noise problems if not carefully suppressed, and simple designs may have a poor power factor.
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