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Current Integrators

... In proton radiotherapy, dosimeters are used in two distinct ways: as beam monitors, to end the treatment at the prescribed dose, and for QA, usually in arrays, to measure the lateral or depth dose distribution. In either case, considerable thought should be given to the electronics that processes th ...
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... including audible signaling appliances, powered by the same source and include any required safety factors. If the inrush current or peak current exceeds the power supplies’ inrush capacity, the output voltage provided by the power supplies may drop below the listed voltage range of the appliances c ...
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Switched-mode power supply



A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Like other power supplies, an SMPS transfers power from a source, like mains power, to a load, such as a personal computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics. Unlike a linear power supply, the pass transistor of a switching-mode supply continually switches between low-dissipation, full-on and full-off states, and spends very little time in the high dissipation transitions, which minimizes wasted energy. Ideally, a switched-mode power supply dissipates no power. Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio of on-to-off time. In contrast, a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating power in the pass transistor. This higher power conversion efficiency is an important advantage of a switched-mode power supply. Switched-mode power supplies may also be substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply due to the smaller transformer size and weight.Switching regulators are used as replacements for linear regulators when higher efficiency, smaller size or lighter weight are required. They are, however, more complicated; their switching currents can cause electrical noise problems if not carefully suppressed, and simple designs may have a poor power factor.
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