The costs of environmental degradation in the Marine Strategy
... This paper discusses the assessment of the cost of environmental degradation, in the policy context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The MSFD represents the environmental component of the European integrated marine approach (2008/56/EC) and establishes a legislative framework for c ...
... This paper discusses the assessment of the cost of environmental degradation, in the policy context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The MSFD represents the environmental component of the European integrated marine approach (2008/56/EC) and establishes a legislative framework for c ...
Biology
... When organisms live together in ecological communities, they interact constantly. Community interactions, such as competition, predation, and various forms of symbiosis, can affect an ecosystem. ...
... When organisms live together in ecological communities, they interact constantly. Community interactions, such as competition, predation, and various forms of symbiosis, can affect an ecosystem. ...
The planning pattern research on mountain rural settlements in
... scholars began to pay attention of rural villages. 40's, Mr. Fei Xiaotong published "Peasant Life in China" and "local Chinese" as the study of rural village also made a great contribution. Since 1949, the reform and opening up previously, the relative decline of rural villages, the rise of urban st ...
... scholars began to pay attention of rural villages. 40's, Mr. Fei Xiaotong published "Peasant Life in China" and "local Chinese" as the study of rural village also made a great contribution. Since 1949, the reform and opening up previously, the relative decline of rural villages, the rise of urban st ...
Document
... • Much more information is available on birds and mammals than on bacterial communities across the globe, yet the success of a project may be dependent on appropriate soil bacteria being present. • We know that animals often play key roles in structuring ecosystems. However, the majority of restorat ...
... • Much more information is available on birds and mammals than on bacterial communities across the globe, yet the success of a project may be dependent on appropriate soil bacteria being present. • We know that animals often play key roles in structuring ecosystems. However, the majority of restorat ...
The Steady-State Economy: The only path to a sustainable
... defined in a weak sense; that is as accepting substitutability between human made and natural capital. This is currently done by neoclassical economic theory, the roots of which are based on a value concept, analogous with the conservation principle of classical mechanics. Some authors argue that it ...
... defined in a weak sense; that is as accepting substitutability between human made and natural capital. This is currently done by neoclassical economic theory, the roots of which are based on a value concept, analogous with the conservation principle of classical mechanics. Some authors argue that it ...
Environmental science
... This set of notes is much longer than typical notes for this class will be because it contains so much ...
... This set of notes is much longer than typical notes for this class will be because it contains so much ...
Abel, Tom 1998. Complex adaptive systems, evolutionism, and
... multiple scale analysis in the study of culture. We have recognized the need to move away from studying communities as isolates, and toward placing them within global relationships (Bennet 1988; DeWalt and Pelto 1985; Moran 1990). But the study of scale and hierarchy in ecosystems analysis is far mo ...
... multiple scale analysis in the study of culture. We have recognized the need to move away from studying communities as isolates, and toward placing them within global relationships (Bennet 1988; DeWalt and Pelto 1985; Moran 1990). But the study of scale and hierarchy in ecosystems analysis is far mo ...
ECOlogical use of native PLANTs for environmental
... hybridization may occur between exotic and native species: loss of genetic diversity among native species and loss of local genotypes or rare and threatened native species) ...
... hybridization may occur between exotic and native species: loss of genetic diversity among native species and loss of local genotypes or rare and threatened native species) ...
Nature conservation - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... Further research needs More research is needed to develop a comprehensive inventory of ecosystem services in the Var catchment. An inclusive survey of valued cultural ecosystem services amongst stakeholders, local people, tourists and other interest groups is under work. In addition, an integrated ...
... Further research needs More research is needed to develop a comprehensive inventory of ecosystem services in the Var catchment. An inclusive survey of valued cultural ecosystem services amongst stakeholders, local people, tourists and other interest groups is under work. In addition, an integrated ...
Landscape elements: patches, corridors, boundaries in a
... Patches Patches are defined as regions that are more or less internally homogeneous with respect to a measured variable (a set of spatially proximate homogeneous units). There are several approaches to defining specifically what a patch is: Simple aggregation of like-valued regions: A straightforwar ...
... Patches Patches are defined as regions that are more or less internally homogeneous with respect to a measured variable (a set of spatially proximate homogeneous units). There are several approaches to defining specifically what a patch is: Simple aggregation of like-valued regions: A straightforwar ...
Inventing Imaginary Societies
... great Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations (1776), which marked the emergence of classical economics. These assumptions are based on the idea that individuals are autonomous, rational and driven by economic self-interest to create a better life for themselves. Adam S ...
... great Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations (1776), which marked the emergence of classical economics. These assumptions are based on the idea that individuals are autonomous, rational and driven by economic self-interest to create a better life for themselves. Adam S ...
Biology 1020: Course Outline
... This course examines the relationships between organisms and their environments from a number of perspectives. We first examine the relationships between organisms and their physical environment, and then study their contributions to energy flow, trophic structure, and the cycling of matter within e ...
... This course examines the relationships between organisms and their environments from a number of perspectives. We first examine the relationships between organisms and their physical environment, and then study their contributions to energy flow, trophic structure, and the cycling of matter within e ...
Appendix_GCB-formatted
... similar results were derived independently by Ohlberger et al. (2011) using more sophisticated data on perch Perca fluvitatilis physiological rates, which incorporated a more realistic, hump-shaped relationship between energy gain rate and temperature (i.e., temperature optimum). This suggests that, ...
... similar results were derived independently by Ohlberger et al. (2011) using more sophisticated data on perch Perca fluvitatilis physiological rates, which incorporated a more realistic, hump-shaped relationship between energy gain rate and temperature (i.e., temperature optimum). This suggests that, ...
A PRELIMINARY ECOREGION CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR
... permanently flowing water during all phases of their life cycle. High - rating=3; A high proportion of the biota is expected to be dependent on permanently flowing water during all phases of their life cycle. Moderate - rating=2; A small proportion of the biota is expected to be dependent on permane ...
... permanently flowing water during all phases of their life cycle. High - rating=3; A high proportion of the biota is expected to be dependent on permanently flowing water during all phases of their life cycle. Moderate - rating=2; A small proportion of the biota is expected to be dependent on permane ...
workshop brief - Solution Exchange India
... Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) along with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Geneva organised a Consultative workshop on “Ecological Engineering for DRR and CCA” in NEERI, Nagpur on Feb 5th, 2016. The workshop brought together technical experts and policy makers f ...
... Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) along with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Geneva organised a Consultative workshop on “Ecological Engineering for DRR and CCA” in NEERI, Nagpur on Feb 5th, 2016. The workshop brought together technical experts and policy makers f ...
Nature-based Solutions: New Influence for
... solutions should and should not be considered as NBS. We illustrate this with the development of green roofs and walls in cities. Having in mind the sole objective of developing green surfaces in urban areas to mitigate the effects of global warming, green roofs or walls could be created using, e. g ...
... solutions should and should not be considered as NBS. We illustrate this with the development of green roofs and walls in cities. Having in mind the sole objective of developing green surfaces in urban areas to mitigate the effects of global warming, green roofs or walls could be created using, e. g ...
PAPER 2: BEYOND GDP MEASURING OUR PROGRESS
... the natural capital stock. While the world average capacity was 1.8 hectares per person in 2007, the world average Footprint was 2.7 hectares per person. For each country, it can be calculated how much the population uses compared to global average biocapacity, or compared to the biocapacity within ...
... the natural capital stock. While the world average capacity was 1.8 hectares per person in 2007, the world average Footprint was 2.7 hectares per person. For each country, it can be calculated how much the population uses compared to global average biocapacity, or compared to the biocapacity within ...
paper 2: beyond gdp
... the natural capital stock. While the world average capacity was 1.8 hectares per person in 2007, the world average Footprint was 2.7 hectares per person. For each country, it can be calculated how much the population uses compared to global average biocapacity, or compared to the biocapacity within ...
... the natural capital stock. While the world average capacity was 1.8 hectares per person in 2007, the world average Footprint was 2.7 hectares per person. For each country, it can be calculated how much the population uses compared to global average biocapacity, or compared to the biocapacity within ...
2013 печ. 521М Ecology
... information among research sites. The longest experiment in existence is the Park Grass Experiment that was initiated in 1856. Another example includes the Hubbard Brook study in operation since 1960. To structure the study of ecology into a manageable framework of understanding, the biological worl ...
... information among research sites. The longest experiment in existence is the Park Grass Experiment that was initiated in 1856. Another example includes the Hubbard Brook study in operation since 1960. To structure the study of ecology into a manageable framework of understanding, the biological worl ...
The problem of pattern and scale in ecology: what have we learned
... Pattern implies some sort of repetition, and the existence of repetition implies that some prediction is possible (MacArthur 1972). Few research articles have been more influential to our discipline than Simon Levin’s (1992) paper ‘On the problem of pattern and scale in ecology’. It has introduced a ...
... Pattern implies some sort of repetition, and the existence of repetition implies that some prediction is possible (MacArthur 1972). Few research articles have been more influential to our discipline than Simon Levin’s (1992) paper ‘On the problem of pattern and scale in ecology’. It has introduced a ...
Ecological and evolutionary traps
... an ecological trap because the evolved preferences or DARWINIAN ALGORITHMS [9] of the birds lead them to seek the heterogeneous habitat now encountered primarily along edges. However, that choice is no longer adaptive because of the unusually high density and diversity of predators and parasites fou ...
... an ecological trap because the evolved preferences or DARWINIAN ALGORITHMS [9] of the birds lead them to seek the heterogeneous habitat now encountered primarily along edges. However, that choice is no longer adaptive because of the unusually high density and diversity of predators and parasites fou ...
... of experiments are subject to several classes of potential problems, called ‘sources of confusion’: temporal change, procedure effects, experimenter bias, random error, initial or inherent variability among experimental units, and impingement of chance events on an experiment in progress, among othe ...
PDF
... worried about how Britain’s apparently inexorable rise in population could be sustained from a finite amount of land. In 1865, Jevons (1865/1977) wondered how Britain’s ever-increasing energy consumption could be sustained from finite supplies of coal. In 1952, the President’s Materials Policy Commi ...
... worried about how Britain’s apparently inexorable rise in population could be sustained from a finite amount of land. In 1865, Jevons (1865/1977) wondered how Britain’s ever-increasing energy consumption could be sustained from finite supplies of coal. In 1952, the President’s Materials Policy Commi ...
A coevolutionary framework for analysing a transition to a
... a framework for analysing the mutual causal influences between systems, which can help to overcome debates about the relative causal efficacy of different natural and social factors, and can elucidate the roles of structure and agency in changing practices. Furthermore, they contend that a coevoluti ...
... a framework for analysing the mutual causal influences between systems, which can help to overcome debates about the relative causal efficacy of different natural and social factors, and can elucidate the roles of structure and agency in changing practices. Furthermore, they contend that a coevoluti ...
Ecological economics
Ecological economics/eco-economics refers to both a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field of academic research that aims to address the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems over time and space. It is distinguished from environmental economics, which is the mainstream economic analysis of the environment, by its treatment of the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem and its emphasis upon preserving natural capital. One survey of German economists found that ecological and environmental economics are different schools of economic thought, with ecological economists emphasizing strong sustainability and rejecting the proposition that natural capital can be substituted by human-made capital.Ecological economics was founded as a modern movement in the works of and interactions between various European and American academics (see the section on history and development below). The related field of green economics is, in general, a more politically applied form of the subject.According to ecological economist Malte Faber, ecological economics is defined by its focus on nature, justice, and time. Issues of intergenerational equity, irreversibility of environmental change, uncertainty of long-term outcomes, and sustainable development guide ecological economic analysis and valuation. Ecological economists have questioned fundamental mainstream economic approaches such as cost-benefit analysis, and the separability of economic values from scientific research, contending that economics is unavoidably normative rather than positive (i.e. descriptive). Positional analysis, which attempts to incorporate time and justice issues, is proposed as an alternative. Ecological economics shares many of its perspectives with feminist economics, including the focus on sustainability, nature, justice and care values.