Chapter 2
... • Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) = differentiates between desirable and undesirable economic activity - Positive contributions (i.e. volunteer work) not paid for with money are added to economic activity - Negative impacts (crime, pollution) are subtracted ...
... • Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) = differentiates between desirable and undesirable economic activity - Positive contributions (i.e. volunteer work) not paid for with money are added to economic activity - Negative impacts (crime, pollution) are subtracted ...
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... and for another, the social scientist's necessary agnosticism about ends and values. Weber's (1922) methodology can be recognized distinctively when they make the latter point. To put it very tersely, they saw economics as being non only a neutral, but an exclusively positive field. If upheld today, ...
... and for another, the social scientist's necessary agnosticism about ends and values. Weber's (1922) methodology can be recognized distinctively when they make the latter point. To put it very tersely, they saw economics as being non only a neutral, but an exclusively positive field. If upheld today, ...
Ecosystems in Action: Lessons from Marine Ecology about Recovery
... into the role of disturbance in community structure (Paine and Levin 1981, Paine et al. 1998, Guerry 2005). Similar work on coral reefs, sea-grass beds, kelp forests, and other marine systems emphasizes that in some cases, partial recovery is the most natural community state. Recovery rate. Because ...
... into the role of disturbance in community structure (Paine and Levin 1981, Paine et al. 1998, Guerry 2005). Similar work on coral reefs, sea-grass beds, kelp forests, and other marine systems emphasizes that in some cases, partial recovery is the most natural community state. Recovery rate. Because ...
Full Text file
... nor from whence it hails, but only what it does. Thus, in this sense, intention is a logical primitive whose sole role is to establish final conditions by selecting an environmental target and the preferred manner of approaching that target. Perhaps, a fuller understanding and appreciation of the co ...
... nor from whence it hails, but only what it does. Thus, in this sense, intention is a logical primitive whose sole role is to establish final conditions by selecting an environmental target and the preferred manner of approaching that target. Perhaps, a fuller understanding and appreciation of the co ...
The application of a Marine Biotic Index to different impact
... communities). At these stations, Ecological Groups I (sensitive species) and II (indifferent species) become more important. On the Mediterranean coast of Spain (Site 5), in Almerıa and Murcia, the BCs indicate slight or no pollution over the area (BC ranging from 0.38 to 2.9). The highest values ar ...
... communities). At these stations, Ecological Groups I (sensitive species) and II (indifferent species) become more important. On the Mediterranean coast of Spain (Site 5), in Almerıa and Murcia, the BCs indicate slight or no pollution over the area (BC ranging from 0.38 to 2.9). The highest values ar ...
440adapt - eweb.furman.edu
... B. Predictions and Results 1. Rates of molecular evolution should vary in functional and nonfunctional regions 2. Rates of replacement (substitution of one fixed allele by another that reaches fixation) should be constant over geologic time. 3. Rates of morphological change should be independent of ...
... B. Predictions and Results 1. Rates of molecular evolution should vary in functional and nonfunctional regions 2. Rates of replacement (substitution of one fixed allele by another that reaches fixation) should be constant over geologic time. 3. Rates of morphological change should be independent of ...
Environmental Ethics and Economics
... • Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) = differentiates between desirable and undesirable economic activity - Positive contributions (i.e. volunteer work) not paid for with money are added to economic activity - Negative impacts (crime, pollution) are subtracted ...
... • Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) = differentiates between desirable and undesirable economic activity - Positive contributions (i.e. volunteer work) not paid for with money are added to economic activity - Negative impacts (crime, pollution) are subtracted ...
Ecosystem Services and CBD - ALTER-Net
... Interactions between biodiversity and climate chnage Ecosystem-based approaches, adaptation and mitigation measures, particularly REDD+ (Reducing deforestation and forest degradation) Win-win situations for conservation of biodiversity and combatting climate change, if possible also other ecological ...
... Interactions between biodiversity and climate chnage Ecosystem-based approaches, adaptation and mitigation measures, particularly REDD+ (Reducing deforestation and forest degradation) Win-win situations for conservation of biodiversity and combatting climate change, if possible also other ecological ...
What are ecosystem services? The need for
... for direct comparison of ecosystem-related inputs to well-being and other inputs such as labor and capital. Throughout this paper, our focus is on the measurement of the flow of final current services (e.g. Mäler, 1991), unlike those that focus only on capital depreciation (e.g. Weitzman, 2003). At ...
... for direct comparison of ecosystem-related inputs to well-being and other inputs such as labor and capital. Throughout this paper, our focus is on the measurement of the flow of final current services (e.g. Mäler, 1991), unlike those that focus only on capital depreciation (e.g. Weitzman, 2003). At ...
Three selected ecological observations interpreted in
... that there are basically no universal laws, and that in fact most explanations are inductive generalisations, without any deductive theory behind them. As a consequence, we may find a large number of non-universal tentative generalisations in biology and ecology. Biology and ecology are more complex ...
... that there are basically no universal laws, and that in fact most explanations are inductive generalisations, without any deductive theory behind them. As a consequence, we may find a large number of non-universal tentative generalisations in biology and ecology. Biology and ecology are more complex ...
consumer in a food chain. It eats
... 3) Pyramid of Numbers: However, when the producers are ____ large , and fewer in number than are _____ the primary consumers, the pyramid looks like this. Give an example of the kind of producers that would result in this type of pyramid. ...
... 3) Pyramid of Numbers: However, when the producers are ____ large , and fewer in number than are _____ the primary consumers, the pyramid looks like this. Give an example of the kind of producers that would result in this type of pyramid. ...
What`s your trophic level and ecological efficiency
... Step B: Divide the sum of all portions for each diet TL by the total of all portions to yield the fraction of your diet coming from each trophic level (B = A ÷ total portions). Step C: Multiply the fraction by the diet trophic level value to yield the weighted contribution from each diet trophic lev ...
... Step B: Divide the sum of all portions for each diet TL by the total of all portions to yield the fraction of your diet coming from each trophic level (B = A ÷ total portions). Step C: Multiply the fraction by the diet trophic level value to yield the weighted contribution from each diet trophic lev ...
The United Nations Environment Programme`s Green Economy
... basis of human wealth was promoted by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (UNEP 2006). It is pointed out that investments in environment have favorable effects on the economy. Negative effects of climate change related to extreme weather events in 2005, proved to harm the economy unprecedentedly, ca ...
... basis of human wealth was promoted by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (UNEP 2006). It is pointed out that investments in environment have favorable effects on the economy. Negative effects of climate change related to extreme weather events in 2005, proved to harm the economy unprecedentedly, ca ...
file - ORCA
... geography of wilderness’ (Lorimer and Driessen, 2013; 178).5 The targeted reintroduction of short-haired bumblebees (Bombus subterraneus) in tandem with the creation of new flower-rich habitats, at Dungeness, Kent,6 a place that effortlessly and endlessly undermines any attempts at parsing the ‘natu ...
... geography of wilderness’ (Lorimer and Driessen, 2013; 178).5 The targeted reintroduction of short-haired bumblebees (Bombus subterraneus) in tandem with the creation of new flower-rich habitats, at Dungeness, Kent,6 a place that effortlessly and endlessly undermines any attempts at parsing the ‘natu ...
Geography 1001: Climate & Vegetation
... Vegetation dynamics concepts • Regeneration/maintenance dynamics refers to: – a spatio-temporal change in structure – keeping the species composition constant (e.g. spruce fir regeneration within a spruce fir forest) ...
... Vegetation dynamics concepts • Regeneration/maintenance dynamics refers to: – a spatio-temporal change in structure – keeping the species composition constant (e.g. spruce fir regeneration within a spruce fir forest) ...
SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT: THEORY AND PRACTICE
... bicycle. Once there, she turns on her computer that weighs several tons and puts in her first call with the help of her telephone weighing 25 kg. Mirja's day has begun as usual. Except this time it started with ecological rucksacks. ...
... bicycle. Once there, she turns on her computer that weighs several tons and puts in her first call with the help of her telephone weighing 25 kg. Mirja's day has begun as usual. Except this time it started with ecological rucksacks. ...
ecological community - Department of the Environment
... regional variants and/or sub-components and/or sub-types and/or sub-communities or these could be defined as separate ecological communities. Some communities are widespread and may even occur across several state/territory jurisdictions, while others are more restricted in location (e.g. state or r ...
... regional variants and/or sub-components and/or sub-types and/or sub-communities or these could be defined as separate ecological communities. Some communities are widespread and may even occur across several state/territory jurisdictions, while others are more restricted in location (e.g. state or r ...
Environmental policy
... water are cleaner mainly because of policies of the 1960s © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... water are cleaner mainly because of policies of the 1960s © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
FNHTB Inc (0473, FS0015 and FS0016)
... Whatever definition we choose, it is essential to identify the pattern or activity that is desirable to maintain—we must ask, "The robustness or resilience of what?" We are concerned simultaneously with a wide variety of natural and social systems. For some systems and activities, such asflsheriesan ...
... Whatever definition we choose, it is essential to identify the pattern or activity that is desirable to maintain—we must ask, "The robustness or resilience of what?" We are concerned simultaneously with a wide variety of natural and social systems. For some systems and activities, such asflsheriesan ...
teaching multivariate statistics to ecologists and the
... undergraduate program in biology or ecology, in most places in the world (although, hopefully, this is slowly changing). Ecologists generally become interested in multivariate analysis because they already have multivariate data (with some accompanying, although often vague, hypotheses) and they nee ...
... undergraduate program in biology or ecology, in most places in the world (although, hopefully, this is slowly changing). Ecologists generally become interested in multivariate analysis because they already have multivariate data (with some accompanying, although often vague, hypotheses) and they nee ...
What can be done to reduce overconsumption?
... require extensive work by environmental scientists, economists, and other social scientists. Although it is likely such methods will be developed, they may not be available for many years. Until then, society needs to develop consumption strategies that are likely to promote environmental sustainabi ...
... require extensive work by environmental scientists, economists, and other social scientists. Although it is likely such methods will be developed, they may not be available for many years. Until then, society needs to develop consumption strategies that are likely to promote environmental sustainabi ...
ECOCRITICISM : NATURAL WORLD IN THE LITERARY
... the new field of literary ecology. Thus, the ecological investigations and interpretations of the relationship between nature and culture, toward formulating ecologically informed critical principles in literary criticism and theory, inevitably lead to an ecologically oriented critical approach. As ...
... the new field of literary ecology. Thus, the ecological investigations and interpretations of the relationship between nature and culture, toward formulating ecologically informed critical principles in literary criticism and theory, inevitably lead to an ecologically oriented critical approach. As ...
Ecological Resilience, Biodiversity, and Scale
... ha (80 3 40 m) for 5 years (Ewel and others 1991). Naeem and coworkers (1994) assembled replicate artificial ecosystems at a number of levels of species richness. They demonstrated that carbon dioxide consumption, vegetative cover, and productivity increased with species richness. These increases we ...
... ha (80 3 40 m) for 5 years (Ewel and others 1991). Naeem and coworkers (1994) assembled replicate artificial ecosystems at a number of levels of species richness. They demonstrated that carbon dioxide consumption, vegetative cover, and productivity increased with species richness. These increases we ...
Shades of Green - IHDP - United Nations University
... and the desire to influence consumer choice towards these newly created products, for the betterment of social and environmental issues. Although there can be a great deal of hope in this message, there is sanity in questioning whether the wish for technological innovations will indeed tackle the wo ...
... and the desire to influence consumer choice towards these newly created products, for the betterment of social and environmental issues. Although there can be a great deal of hope in this message, there is sanity in questioning whether the wish for technological innovations will indeed tackle the wo ...
What do we mean when we talk about ecological restoration?
... 1. Keeping the natural areas that remain natural in the future - this is achieved by some combination of protection and management including purchase of lands by conservation agencies and wise stewardship of natural lands in both public and private ownership, with all management focused on maintaini ...
... 1. Keeping the natural areas that remain natural in the future - this is achieved by some combination of protection and management including purchase of lands by conservation agencies and wise stewardship of natural lands in both public and private ownership, with all management focused on maintaini ...
Ecological economics
Ecological economics/eco-economics refers to both a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field of academic research that aims to address the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems over time and space. It is distinguished from environmental economics, which is the mainstream economic analysis of the environment, by its treatment of the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem and its emphasis upon preserving natural capital. One survey of German economists found that ecological and environmental economics are different schools of economic thought, with ecological economists emphasizing strong sustainability and rejecting the proposition that natural capital can be substituted by human-made capital.Ecological economics was founded as a modern movement in the works of and interactions between various European and American academics (see the section on history and development below). The related field of green economics is, in general, a more politically applied form of the subject.According to ecological economist Malte Faber, ecological economics is defined by its focus on nature, justice, and time. Issues of intergenerational equity, irreversibility of environmental change, uncertainty of long-term outcomes, and sustainable development guide ecological economic analysis and valuation. Ecological economists have questioned fundamental mainstream economic approaches such as cost-benefit analysis, and the separability of economic values from scientific research, contending that economics is unavoidably normative rather than positive (i.e. descriptive). Positional analysis, which attempts to incorporate time and justice issues, is proposed as an alternative. Ecological economics shares many of its perspectives with feminist economics, including the focus on sustainability, nature, justice and care values.