• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
101 uses of a quadratic equation: Part II
101 uses of a quadratic equation: Part II

EQUILIBRIUM STATE OF A SELF
EQUILIBRIUM STATE OF A SELF

Solve the equation.
Solve the equation.

... To find solutions, perform inverse operations until you have isolated the variable. A variable is isolated when it appears by itself on one side of an equation, and not at all on the other side. Inverse Operations ...
The path integral representation kernel of evolution operator in
The path integral representation kernel of evolution operator in

... The path integral method was proposed by R. Feynman as a new approach [1] to the solution of quantum mechanical problems. Nowadays it became one of the most powerful methods in theoretical physics. Many applications (see [2–5]) of this method are devoted to diverse important problems. In articles [6 ...
2.5 notes - TeacherWeb
2.5 notes - TeacherWeb

cosmological perturbation theory - The Institute of Mathematical
cosmological perturbation theory - The Institute of Mathematical

Effects of collisions on conservation laws in gyrokinetic field theory
Effects of collisions on conservation laws in gyrokinetic field theory

6.2ab solve systems by substitution
6.2ab solve systems by substitution

Th tical lifetime eore Positronium:  A
Th tical lifetime eore Positronium: A

Dirac multimode ket-bra operators` [equation]
Dirac multimode ket-bra operators` [equation]

Duality Theory of Weak Interaction
Duality Theory of Weak Interaction

Wave Mechanics - dfcd.net: Articles
Wave Mechanics - dfcd.net: Articles

Schrödinger equation for the nuclear potential
Schrödinger equation for the nuclear potential

Partial differential equations
Partial differential equations

... General analytical solutions of PDEs are available only in the simplest cases, and because of this freedom, they do not yet solve the problem. The actual form of the solution is defined by the symmetry of the problem (if it exists) and boundary conditions. If one of the variables is time, one usuall ...
Exact solutions of a Dirac equation with a varying CP
Exact solutions of a Dirac equation with a varying CP

... quasiparticle approximation (cQPA), an approximation scheme in finite temperature field theory that enables studying non-equilibrium phenomena. Using cQPA we show that in non-translation invariant systems the phase space of the Wightman function has in general structure beyond the traditional mass-s ...
The Hamiltonian and Lagrangian densities
The Hamiltonian and Lagrangian densities

The electronic Hamiltonian in an electromagnetic field
The electronic Hamiltonian in an electromagnetic field

4.4 and 4.5
4.4 and 4.5

Quantum Field Theory I, Lecture Notes
Quantum Field Theory I, Lecture Notes

... learn about many aspects of physics, some of which have attained a mythological status: • anti-particles, anti-matter, ...
Lines and Slope - MDC Faculty Web Pages
Lines and Slope - MDC Faculty Web Pages

Algebra I
Algebra I

... Step 3- Choose one of the points Step 4- Plug in the set of points and the slope in the equation of the line. Step 5- Distribute and add or subtract like terms. Step 6- Write the final equation with slope and the y intercept. ...
Divide both sides by 8 to undo the multiplication
Divide both sides by 8 to undo the multiplication

The Mole
The Mole

Further Aspects of Weak Interaction Dynamics
Further Aspects of Weak Interaction Dynamics

Quantum theory of many − particle systems
Quantum theory of many − particle systems

... This is the Lagrange equation for a particle in one dimension. We have derived it for a very simple mechanical problem, but the result can be generalized to any number of particles and any number of dimensions. If we consider a system of N particles in three dimensions, we need 3N coordinates to spe ...
< 1 ... 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ... 46 >

Two-body Dirac equations

In quantum field theory, and in the significant subfields of quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics, the two-body Dirac equations (TBDE) of constraint dynamics provide a three-dimensional yet manifestly covariant reformulation of the Bethe–Salpeter equation for two spin-1/2 particles. Such a reformulation is necessary since without it, as shown by Nakanishi, the Bethe–Salpeter equation possesses negative-norm solutions arising from the presence of an essentially relativistic degree of freedom, the relative time. These ""ghost"" states have spoiled the naive interpretation of the Bethe–Salpeter equation as a quantum mechanical wave equation. The two-body Dirac equations of constraint dynamics rectify this flaw. The forms of these equations can not only be derived from quantum field theory they can also be derived purely in the context of Dirac's constraint dynamics and relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics. Their structures, unlike the more familiar two-body Dirac equation of Breit, which is a single equation, are that of two simultaneous quantum relativistic wave equations. A single two-body Dirac equation similar to the Breit equation can be derived from the TBDE. Unlike the Breit equation, it is manifestly covariant and free from the types of singularities that prevent a strictly nonperturbative treatment of the Breit equation.In applications of the TBDE to QED, the two particles interact by way of four-vector potentials derived from the field theoretic electromagnetic interactions between the two particles. In applications to QCD, the two particles interact by way of four-vector potentials and Lorentz invariant scalar interactions, derived in part from the field theoretic chromomagnetic interactions between the quarks and in part by phenomenological considerations. As with the Breit equation a sixteen-component spinor Ψ is used.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report