The speed of learning instructed stimulus
... Keywords: Rapid instructed task learning, Pre-frontal cortex, Inferior-temporal Cortex, Hippocampus, synaptic learning Abstract Humans can learn associations between visual stimuli and motor responses from just a single instruction. This is known to be a fast process, but how fast is it? To answer t ...
... Keywords: Rapid instructed task learning, Pre-frontal cortex, Inferior-temporal Cortex, Hippocampus, synaptic learning Abstract Humans can learn associations between visual stimuli and motor responses from just a single instruction. This is known to be a fast process, but how fast is it? To answer t ...
A Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents Fact Sheet
... thinnest in children with ADHD who carried a particular version of a gene associated with brain development. However, these brain areas normalized in thickness during the teen years, coinciding with clinical improvement. Although this particular gene version increased risk for ADHD, it also predicte ...
... thinnest in children with ADHD who carried a particular version of a gene associated with brain development. However, these brain areas normalized in thickness during the teen years, coinciding with clinical improvement. Although this particular gene version increased risk for ADHD, it also predicte ...
The ventral striatum in goal-directed behavior and - UvA-DARE
... several years, whereas more remote memories were left largely intact. This retrograde amnesia thus showed a temporal gradient, also known as the Ribot gradient. These lesions were extensive, including the amygdaloid complex and uncus in addition to the hippocampal formation. That declarative memory ...
... several years, whereas more remote memories were left largely intact. This retrograde amnesia thus showed a temporal gradient, also known as the Ribot gradient. These lesions were extensive, including the amygdaloid complex and uncus in addition to the hippocampal formation. That declarative memory ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... the odor response of MB-V2 neurons was modified after conditioning. As the lateral horn has been implicated in innate responses to repellent odorants, we propose that MB-V2 neurons recruit the olfactory pathway involved in innate odor avoidance during memory retrieval. Different odors induce innate ...
... the odor response of MB-V2 neurons was modified after conditioning. As the lateral horn has been implicated in innate responses to repellent odorants, we propose that MB-V2 neurons recruit the olfactory pathway involved in innate odor avoidance during memory retrieval. Different odors induce innate ...
Neural changes underlying the development of
... “I met Sophia last week at Jake’s party”). Extant models of memory have demonstrated that episodic memory can be differentiated functionally (e.g., Yonelinas, 2002) and neurologically (Eichenbaum et al., 2007) from other forms of explicit memory. For example, recollecting an episode is different fro ...
... “I met Sophia last week at Jake’s party”). Extant models of memory have demonstrated that episodic memory can be differentiated functionally (e.g., Yonelinas, 2002) and neurologically (Eichenbaum et al., 2007) from other forms of explicit memory. For example, recollecting an episode is different fro ...
Human Physiology/The Nervous System
... Neurons are highly specialized for the processing and transmission of cellular signals. Given the diversity of functions performed by neurons in different parts of the nervous system, there is, as expected, a wide variety in the shape, size, and electrochemical properties of neurons. For instance, t ...
... Neurons are highly specialized for the processing and transmission of cellular signals. Given the diversity of functions performed by neurons in different parts of the nervous system, there is, as expected, a wide variety in the shape, size, and electrochemical properties of neurons. For instance, t ...
Gobbi 2005 - Iowa Medical Marijuana
... emotional behavior and the pathogenesis of depression (5). The idea that the mood-elevating properties of cannabis might be harnessed to treat depression was proposed first in the mid-19th century, but soon was disputed on account of the multiple side effects and inconsistent efficacy of the drug (6 ...
... emotional behavior and the pathogenesis of depression (5). The idea that the mood-elevating properties of cannabis might be harnessed to treat depression was proposed first in the mid-19th century, but soon was disputed on account of the multiple side effects and inconsistent efficacy of the drug (6 ...
Primer on Frontotemporal Dementia
... The term "frontotemporal lobar degeneration" (FTLD) is used to describe the specific pathological diseases that result in FTD syndromes. These too are united by their impact on frontal and temporal brain structures. Subtyping is based on the specific proteins found within neuronal inclusions. Most F ...
... The term "frontotemporal lobar degeneration" (FTLD) is used to describe the specific pathological diseases that result in FTD syndromes. These too are united by their impact on frontal and temporal brain structures. Subtyping is based on the specific proteins found within neuronal inclusions. Most F ...
The Neurobiology of EMDR: Exploring the
... stem, norepinephrine, which then surge through the body, eliciting alertness. These neurotransmitters activate the receptors on the vagus nerve (LeDoux, 1986). While the vagus nerve carries messages from the brain to regulate the heart, it also carries signals back to the brain, triggered by epineph ...
... stem, norepinephrine, which then surge through the body, eliciting alertness. These neurotransmitters activate the receptors on the vagus nerve (LeDoux, 1986). While the vagus nerve carries messages from the brain to regulate the heart, it also carries signals back to the brain, triggered by epineph ...
Materials and Methods
... mice treated with Amalaki Rasayana (AR) learnt to locate the platform during the training period (figure 1C), and reached the hidden platform in ~65 s on the 4th day of training. The AβPP-PS1 mice treated with donepezil could locate the platform in ~51 s (data not shown). Memory tests performed on 7 ...
... mice treated with Amalaki Rasayana (AR) learnt to locate the platform during the training period (figure 1C), and reached the hidden platform in ~65 s on the 4th day of training. The AβPP-PS1 mice treated with donepezil could locate the platform in ~51 s (data not shown). Memory tests performed on 7 ...
Brain and effort: brain activation and effort-related working
... activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as well as more bilateral activity in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in KLS. In addition, we observed hyperactivity in the left thalamus in KLS but not in healthy participants. The altered brain activation pattern in KLS patients was acc ...
... activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as well as more bilateral activity in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in KLS. In addition, we observed hyperactivity in the left thalamus in KLS but not in healthy participants. The altered brain activation pattern in KLS patients was acc ...
Consolidation
... or not a memory is worth storing. It is difficult to see how drugs would affect such a process, and even harder to account for asymmetric effects such as are produced by alcohol. Further evidence for the theory that consolidation is an active, malleable process can be found in another class of amnes ...
... or not a memory is worth storing. It is difficult to see how drugs would affect such a process, and even harder to account for asymmetric effects such as are produced by alcohol. Further evidence for the theory that consolidation is an active, malleable process can be found in another class of amnes ...
Lecture 11 - Websupport1
... • Are performed by the cerebral cortex and involve complex interactions • Involve conscious and unconscious information processing • Are subject to modification and adjustment over time ...
... • Are performed by the cerebral cortex and involve complex interactions • Involve conscious and unconscious information processing • Are subject to modification and adjustment over time ...
Stress effects on memory
... After initial encoding, the new and fragile memory trace is stabilized during a consolidation process. When reactivated during memory retrieval, the memory trace can re-enter an unstable state so that a reconsolidation process is needed to stabilize it anew (Dudai, 2006). Stress may have an effect o ...
... After initial encoding, the new and fragile memory trace is stabilized during a consolidation process. When reactivated during memory retrieval, the memory trace can re-enter an unstable state so that a reconsolidation process is needed to stabilize it anew (Dudai, 2006). Stress may have an effect o ...
Supplementary Figure Legends - Word file
... Supplementary Figure 1: Example responses to pure tones and harmonic complex tones from a pitchselective neuron (a, d) (Unit M36n-514) and a non-pitch-selective neuron (b, e) (Unit M2p-140). a. Pure tone frequency response from a pitch-selective neuron. b. Pure tone frequency response from a non-pit ...
... Supplementary Figure 1: Example responses to pure tones and harmonic complex tones from a pitchselective neuron (a, d) (Unit M36n-514) and a non-pitch-selective neuron (b, e) (Unit M2p-140). a. Pure tone frequency response from a pitch-selective neuron. b. Pure tone frequency response from a non-pit ...
Superior Parietal Cortex Is Critical for the Manipulation of
... memory (Digit Span Backward, Spatial Span Backward, LetterNumber Sequencing, and Arithmetic), as well as for the more demanding working memory conditions of the N-Back test (2-Back and 3-Back). For all working memory tests that revealed a significant difference among groups, the SupPar Lesion group’ ...
... memory (Digit Span Backward, Spatial Span Backward, LetterNumber Sequencing, and Arithmetic), as well as for the more demanding working memory conditions of the N-Back test (2-Back and 3-Back). For all working memory tests that revealed a significant difference among groups, the SupPar Lesion group’ ...
Verbal memory in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
... et al. (1988) to suggest that the drop-off in recall across an interference condition might serve as ‘the best pure indicator of memory function in dominant temporal lobe patients’. We replicated Hermann’s finding (Saling et al., 2002), again showing that language adequacy accounted for the poorer pe ...
... et al. (1988) to suggest that the drop-off in recall across an interference condition might serve as ‘the best pure indicator of memory function in dominant temporal lobe patients’. We replicated Hermann’s finding (Saling et al., 2002), again showing that language adequacy accounted for the poorer pe ...
Neural plasticity and recovery of function
... that includes the brain • Plastic (adj.) = soft enough to be changed into a new shape • Neuroplasticity, brain plasticity or brain malleability • The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections • Neurons (nerve cells) in the brain to compensate for injury and disease and t ...
... that includes the brain • Plastic (adj.) = soft enough to be changed into a new shape • Neuroplasticity, brain plasticity or brain malleability • The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections • Neurons (nerve cells) in the brain to compensate for injury and disease and t ...
The retrieval of perceptual memory details depends on right
... anterior hippocampus). This observation suggests that damage to the right MTL should be especially detrimental to the recruitment of regions involved in the retrieval of perceptual memory content, which motivated our focus on individuals with right unilateral mTLE. In addition to the clip and narrat ...
... anterior hippocampus). This observation suggests that damage to the right MTL should be especially detrimental to the recruitment of regions involved in the retrieval of perceptual memory content, which motivated our focus on individuals with right unilateral mTLE. In addition to the clip and narrat ...
Towards understanding of the cortical network underlying
... brain areas in a brain-wide network interact with each other to orchestrate cognitive functions (‘global network’ viewpoint) and the other considers how the properties of single neurons and their synaptic connections with neighbouring neurons combine to form local circuits and exhibit the function a ...
... brain areas in a brain-wide network interact with each other to orchestrate cognitive functions (‘global network’ viewpoint) and the other considers how the properties of single neurons and their synaptic connections with neighbouring neurons combine to form local circuits and exhibit the function a ...
Warren S. McCulloch: Why the Mind Is in the Head
... argument, accept his suggestion. Ideas are then to be construed as information. Sensation becomes entropic coupling between us and the physical world, and our interchange of ideas, entropic coupling among ourselves. Our knowledge of the world, our conversation – yes, even our inventive thought – are ...
... argument, accept his suggestion. Ideas are then to be construed as information. Sensation becomes entropic coupling between us and the physical world, and our interchange of ideas, entropic coupling among ourselves. Our knowledge of the world, our conversation – yes, even our inventive thought – are ...
Bayesian Retrieval In Associative Memories With Storage Errors
... potential capacity of autoassociative memories given the optimal settings of the weights. For nonsparse training patterns, the Gardner bound is 2 bits/synapse, which is much higher than the Hopfield capacity. However, more complicated learning rules, such as the delta rule, which require multiple pr ...
... potential capacity of autoassociative memories given the optimal settings of the weights. For nonsparse training patterns, the Gardner bound is 2 bits/synapse, which is much higher than the Hopfield capacity. However, more complicated learning rules, such as the delta rule, which require multiple pr ...
The Status of Semantic and Episodic Memory in Amnesia
... eye and ear, have in common; on the Vocabulary task, participants are asked to orally define words). H.M. had been tested on these subtests 20 times between 1953 (preoperatively) and 2000. When his performance across these test sessions was analyzed, there was no main effect of time, suggesting that ...
... eye and ear, have in common; on the Vocabulary task, participants are asked to orally define words). H.M. had been tested on these subtests 20 times between 1953 (preoperatively) and 2000. When his performance across these test sessions was analyzed, there was no main effect of time, suggesting that ...