Vaccine immunology - World Health Organization
... the protection conferred by other vaccines. CD4+ T cells seem to support the persistence of protection against clinical pertussis in children primed in infancy, after vaccine-induced antibodies have waned.15–18 Another example is that of measles immunization in 6-month-old infants. These infants fai ...
... the protection conferred by other vaccines. CD4+ T cells seem to support the persistence of protection against clinical pertussis in children primed in infancy, after vaccine-induced antibodies have waned.15–18 Another example is that of measles immunization in 6-month-old infants. These infants fai ...
Immune responses to vaccines involving a combined antigen
... to antigen presenting cells (APCs) and regulate the antigen presentation pathway, or as immune potentiators that enhance the subsequent antigen-specific immune responses [3,10,11]. Ever since Kreuter et al. evaluated the adjuvanticity of polymethylmethacrylate nanoparticles for the influenza virus in ...
... to antigen presenting cells (APCs) and regulate the antigen presentation pathway, or as immune potentiators that enhance the subsequent antigen-specific immune responses [3,10,11]. Ever since Kreuter et al. evaluated the adjuvanticity of polymethylmethacrylate nanoparticles for the influenza virus in ...
REVIEW ARTICLE - Hepatitis Monthly
... policy by passive immunization with immune globulin and hygienic precautions for household contacts in the Netherlands. Of 1242 contacts of 569 HAV patients, more than 50% (n = 672) were found to be HAV immune. 409 susceptible contacts received immune globulin; with 186 (45%) returning for retesting ...
... policy by passive immunization with immune globulin and hygienic precautions for household contacts in the Netherlands. Of 1242 contacts of 569 HAV patients, more than 50% (n = 672) were found to be HAV immune. 409 susceptible contacts received immune globulin; with 186 (45%) returning for retesting ...
Chapter 17: Immunization and Immune Testing
... Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
References
... examination of a scar or through the subject’s vaccination passport. IGRAs were performed on cells collected from the peripheral blood of all subjects by the QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube (QFT; Cellestis Qiagen, Chadstone, Australia) or T-SPOT.TB (ELISPOT; Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, UK) at the attending ...
... examination of a scar or through the subject’s vaccination passport. IGRAs were performed on cells collected from the peripheral blood of all subjects by the QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube (QFT; Cellestis Qiagen, Chadstone, Australia) or T-SPOT.TB (ELISPOT; Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, UK) at the attending ...
O A RIGINAL RTICLES
... Notwithstanding their improved efficacy, particularly in children, the major limitation of pneumococcal polysaccharideprotein conjugate vaccines is that they only elicit protective antibodies against the limited range of serotypes contained in the vaccine. The validity of this concern is underscored ...
... Notwithstanding their improved efficacy, particularly in children, the major limitation of pneumococcal polysaccharideprotein conjugate vaccines is that they only elicit protective antibodies against the limited range of serotypes contained in the vaccine. The validity of this concern is underscored ...
cell loss caused by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
... To combat the rapidly spreading AIDS epidemic, a safe and effective prophylactic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine is urgently needed (UNAIDS, 2003). Despite many efforts, an ideal vaccine candidate has not yet emerged. Infection of rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) o ...
... To combat the rapidly spreading AIDS epidemic, a safe and effective prophylactic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine is urgently needed (UNAIDS, 2003). Despite many efforts, an ideal vaccine candidate has not yet emerged. Infection of rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) o ...
10276005
... continues to impose considerable mortality in the world ' s most impoverished populations. Natural infections usually give medium range immunity and it has been hypothesized that the protective immunity to V cholerae infection may be mediated by anamnestic memory B-cell responses. An oral cholera va ...
... continues to impose considerable mortality in the world ' s most impoverished populations. Natural infections usually give medium range immunity and it has been hypothesized that the protective immunity to V cholerae infection may be mediated by anamnestic memory B-cell responses. An oral cholera va ...
Hepatitis A Post-exposure Prophylaxis
... Hepatitis A virus (HAV) chapter within Appendix A provides post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) recommendations under the section titled ‘Management of Contacts’.1 The PEP recommendations cite the 2006 Canadian Immunization Guide (CIG) which recommends to administer HAV vaccine to contacts, including con ...
... Hepatitis A virus (HAV) chapter within Appendix A provides post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) recommendations under the section titled ‘Management of Contacts’.1 The PEP recommendations cite the 2006 Canadian Immunization Guide (CIG) which recommends to administer HAV vaccine to contacts, including con ...
of innate immunity
... common microbial structures (PAMPs) by PatternRecognition Receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells. - Provide the first line of host defense - Activate and regulate the adaptive immunity 3. Adaptive immune responses are initiated by recognition of foreign antigens by specific lymphocytes. - Provide m ...
... common microbial structures (PAMPs) by PatternRecognition Receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells. - Provide the first line of host defense - Activate and regulate the adaptive immunity 3. Adaptive immune responses are initiated by recognition of foreign antigens by specific lymphocytes. - Provide m ...
... response against a T AA and to generate antigen specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)5. Human TAAs are non-self in animal system and highly immunogenic. Thus, results obtained from experimental system have shown a strong antigen-specific immune response against the tumor. However, these antigens are poo ...
Mathematical models for the efficacy of Gardasil on instances of
... should heavily curtail cases of HPV It is advisable to refrain from sexual activity during the vaccination period because we see that HPV cases in the long term are variable with unknown transition probabilities in between doses Vaccinating more women in the beginning, and ensuring that more wom ...
... should heavily curtail cases of HPV It is advisable to refrain from sexual activity during the vaccination period because we see that HPV cases in the long term are variable with unknown transition probabilities in between doses Vaccinating more women in the beginning, and ensuring that more wom ...
IMMUNOREGULATION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION
... to protect against the infection of newly intruding HBV in more than 90% of vaccinees, if properly administered.26) However, therapeutic use of this HBsAg vaccine has not brought satisfactory results for controlling viral replication at present.27.28) Therefore, a new vaccine or novel strategy is de ...
... to protect against the infection of newly intruding HBV in more than 90% of vaccinees, if properly administered.26) However, therapeutic use of this HBsAg vaccine has not brought satisfactory results for controlling viral replication at present.27.28) Therefore, a new vaccine or novel strategy is de ...
Shingles How to prevent it, how to treat it
... • Contraindicated in people who are severely immunocompromised • Trials of a heat-killed form of Zostavax are under way • Status uncertain for patients taking biological therapy for autoimmune diseases (trials underway) In trials • A zoster vaccine comprising a recombinant varicella protein with ...
... • Contraindicated in people who are severely immunocompromised • Trials of a heat-killed form of Zostavax are under way • Status uncertain for patients taking biological therapy for autoimmune diseases (trials underway) In trials • A zoster vaccine comprising a recombinant varicella protein with ...
HyperHEP B® S/D
... an injection site because of the risk of injury to the sciatic nerve. An individual decision as to which muscle is injected must be made for each patient based on the volume of material to be administered. If the gluteal region is used when very large volumes are to be injected or multiple doses are ...
... an injection site because of the risk of injury to the sciatic nerve. An individual decision as to which muscle is injected must be made for each patient based on the volume of material to be administered. If the gluteal region is used when very large volumes are to be injected or multiple doses are ...
History of Immunology - Immunologie für Jedermann
... Otto Müller (Denmark) describes different forms of bacteria with an improved microscope ...
... Otto Müller (Denmark) describes different forms of bacteria with an improved microscope ...
Mucosal Vaccines
... Most infectious agents enter the body at mucosal surfaces and therefore mucosal immune responses function as a first line of defence. Protective mucosal immune responses are most effectively induced by mucosal immunization through oral, nasal, rectal or vaginal routes, but the vast majority of vacci ...
... Most infectious agents enter the body at mucosal surfaces and therefore mucosal immune responses function as a first line of defence. Protective mucosal immune responses are most effectively induced by mucosal immunization through oral, nasal, rectal or vaginal routes, but the vast majority of vacci ...
The effect of allostatic load on hypothalamic–pituitary–Interrenal
... can cope with, adapt to, or tolerate stressors to keep homeostasis. However, when the system is not dealing well with the disturbing factor(s) the increased allostatic load results in allostatic overload, which either could be adaptive (overload type 1) or malicious for the animal (overload type 2) ...
... can cope with, adapt to, or tolerate stressors to keep homeostasis. However, when the system is not dealing well with the disturbing factor(s) the increased allostatic load results in allostatic overload, which either could be adaptive (overload type 1) or malicious for the animal (overload type 2) ...
Natural HPV immunity and vaccination strategies
... a natural infection process and thereby recapitulate the generation of natural immunity. Such vaccination strategies limit the consequences of any infection but are unlikely to completely prevent infection (sterilising immunity). With human papillomavirus only sub-unit immunisation is possible becau ...
... a natural infection process and thereby recapitulate the generation of natural immunity. Such vaccination strategies limit the consequences of any infection but are unlikely to completely prevent infection (sterilising immunity). With human papillomavirus only sub-unit immunisation is possible becau ...
Correlations among measles virus
... Immunity to measles is conferred by the interplay of humoral and cellular immune responses, the latter being critical in maintaining long-term recall response. Therefore, it is important to evaluate measles-specific humoral and cellular immunity in populations several years after vaccination and und ...
... Immunity to measles is conferred by the interplay of humoral and cellular immune responses, the latter being critical in maintaining long-term recall response. Therefore, it is important to evaluate measles-specific humoral and cellular immunity in populations several years after vaccination and und ...
Differential Immune Responses to New World and Old World
... Sensorineural hearing loss can result in up to one-third of LASV-infected patients even after recovery from the illness [5]. In fatal cases, patients may experience respiratory distress, encephalopathy, seizures, mucosal bleeding, shock, and coma [4]. The other prominent OW arenavirus is the lymphoc ...
... Sensorineural hearing loss can result in up to one-third of LASV-infected patients even after recovery from the illness [5]. In fatal cases, patients may experience respiratory distress, encephalopathy, seizures, mucosal bleeding, shock, and coma [4]. The other prominent OW arenavirus is the lymphoc ...
Preventing and Curing Infectious Diseases: Carbohydrate
... Infectious diseases kill many millions of people each year, not just in developing countries nut increasingly in industrialized nations as well. We are in danger of entering a “post-antibiotic” era as the drugs against many infectious diseases are becoming inactive due to the emergence of resistance ...
... Infectious diseases kill many millions of people each year, not just in developing countries nut increasingly in industrialized nations as well. We are in danger of entering a “post-antibiotic” era as the drugs against many infectious diseases are becoming inactive due to the emergence of resistance ...
Part III, Endotoxin Test Concerns of Biologics
... Of note, the current guidelines for setting limits on these impurities are not based upon their potential impact on product immunogenicity. For example, the current recommendations for endotoxin content in parenteral products (0.5 EU/kg/hr)34 is based on its pyrogenic potential, while WHO recommenda ...
... Of note, the current guidelines for setting limits on these impurities are not based upon their potential impact on product immunogenicity. For example, the current recommendations for endotoxin content in parenteral products (0.5 EU/kg/hr)34 is based on its pyrogenic potential, while WHO recommenda ...
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing micro-organism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these micro-organisms that it later encounters.The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available to prevent or contribute to the prevention and control of twenty-five infections.Vaccines can be prophylactic (example: to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by any natural or ""wild"" pathogen), or therapeutic (e.g., vaccines against cancer are also being investigated; see cancer vaccine).The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Edward Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 in the long title of his Inquiry into the...Variolae vaccinae...known...[as]...the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox. In 1881, to honour Jenner, Louis Pasteur proposed that the terms should be extended to cover the new protective inoculations then being developed.