6. P F ublic inance
... Accordingly, the increase in consumption-based indirect tax revenues was noteworthy in 2013. During this period, SCT revenues surged by 19.2 percent on account of the rising SCT revenues on oil and natural gas products as well as motor vehicles. Domestic VAT revenues posted an increase of 20.3 perce ...
... Accordingly, the increase in consumption-based indirect tax revenues was noteworthy in 2013. During this period, SCT revenues surged by 19.2 percent on account of the rising SCT revenues on oil and natural gas products as well as motor vehicles. Domestic VAT revenues posted an increase of 20.3 perce ...
Limits to redistribution in a democracy: a survey
... least formally—endowed with comprehensive political rights. Moreover, we abstract from arguments that stress exogenous preferences for justice or fairness to explain the apparent tolerance for inequality.3 While we acknowledge that these considerations can play a significant role in policy formation ...
... least formally—endowed with comprehensive political rights. Moreover, we abstract from arguments that stress exogenous preferences for justice or fairness to explain the apparent tolerance for inequality.3 While we acknowledge that these considerations can play a significant role in policy formation ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DISCRETIONARY POLICY AND MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA Robert G. King
... Since the seminal work of Kydland and Prescott (1977), it has been understood that policymaking under discretion can lead to a substantially worse outcome than policymaking under commitment. Many economists believe that discretionary policymaking is important for understanding central issues in mone ...
... Since the seminal work of Kydland and Prescott (1977), it has been understood that policymaking under discretion can lead to a substantially worse outcome than policymaking under commitment. Many economists believe that discretionary policymaking is important for understanding central issues in mone ...
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
... produced by an establishment, excluding the value of any goods and services used in an activity for which the establishment does not assume the risk of using the products in production, and excluding the value of goods and services consumed by the same establishment except for goods and services use ...
... produced by an establishment, excluding the value of any goods and services used in an activity for which the establishment does not assume the risk of using the products in production, and excluding the value of goods and services consumed by the same establishment except for goods and services use ...
The Role of imperfect competition in new Keynesian Economics
... the competitive level as at point xb, then this also reduces welfare, since now the marginal cost of output exceeds the marginal value: the loss is given by the triangle EIH. The lesson of this illustration is that the competitive equilibrium is in a Pareto optimal outcome that maximize s the sum of ...
... the competitive level as at point xb, then this also reduces welfare, since now the marginal cost of output exceeds the marginal value: the loss is given by the triangle EIH. The lesson of this illustration is that the competitive equilibrium is in a Pareto optimal outcome that maximize s the sum of ...
Military Expenditures, Threats, and Growth
... Possible permutations of this measure include weighting conflicts by their intensity or by the timing of their occurrence, including potential threats from neighbors or other countries that did not manifest themselves in actual wars over the period, and taking account of the military capabilities of ...
... Possible permutations of this measure include weighting conflicts by their intensity or by the timing of their occurrence, including potential threats from neighbors or other countries that did not manifest themselves in actual wars over the period, and taking account of the military capabilities of ...
Mark scheme - June
... 1 mark for area of original CS 1 mark for original P and Q 1 mark for increase P & falling Q 1 mark for area of new CS (could be identified in text) Award up to a further 4 marks for relevant comments such as: – Consumer surplus will be reduced = 1 mark only – Business travel may be even less affect ...
... 1 mark for area of original CS 1 mark for original P and Q 1 mark for increase P & falling Q 1 mark for area of new CS (could be identified in text) Award up to a further 4 marks for relevant comments such as: – Consumer surplus will be reduced = 1 mark only – Business travel may be even less affect ...
Qualitative Meta-analysis on Three Aspects of the Federal Budget
... 1990 (BEA). President Bush conceded to tax increases and Democrats agreed to domestic spending cuts. They also agreed to spending caps for discretionary spending ...
... 1990 (BEA). President Bush conceded to tax increases and Democrats agreed to domestic spending cuts. They also agreed to spending caps for discretionary spending ...
Elasticity of Demand
... Our demand for gasoline is inelastic. It does not change even with a price increase. ...
... Our demand for gasoline is inelastic. It does not change even with a price increase. ...
Economic Analysis National Economy
... Economic Analysis National Economy In fiscal year 2005-06 the national economy had average growth despite rising interest rates, increasing energy prices, and the disruptions caused by Hurricane Katrina and other major hurricanes along the Gulf Coast. The economy was also characterized by relatively ...
... Economic Analysis National Economy In fiscal year 2005-06 the national economy had average growth despite rising interest rates, increasing energy prices, and the disruptions caused by Hurricane Katrina and other major hurricanes along the Gulf Coast. The economy was also characterized by relatively ...
Notes 15 - The University of Chicago Booth School of Business
... Japanese currency). That means I must be willing to trade dollars for Yen. Likewise, if someone in Japan wanted to buy a U.S. computer, they would have to pay in dollars. That means they must trade their Yen for dollars. If someone in the U.S. wants to buy a Japanese product, they are simultaneously ...
... Japanese currency). That means I must be willing to trade dollars for Yen. Likewise, if someone in Japan wanted to buy a U.S. computer, they would have to pay in dollars. That means they must trade their Yen for dollars. If someone in the U.S. wants to buy a Japanese product, they are simultaneously ...
Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism Budget Statements
... o Many different interest rates in the economy – lending over varying time periods (term structure) and for different purposes o Cash rate is a very important (short-term) one that affects all others to some degree. o By varying the cash rate, the RBA varies the whole structure of interest rates in ...
... o Many different interest rates in the economy – lending over varying time periods (term structure) and for different purposes o Cash rate is a very important (short-term) one that affects all others to some degree. o By varying the cash rate, the RBA varies the whole structure of interest rates in ...
Complete Student Study Guide
... e. The cost of eraser inputs goes up. 13. Which of the following statements is true? a. Moving from point C to point B requires shifting resources away from eraser production and into pencil production. b. Point B represents a less efficient resource mix than point C. c. Depletion of nonrenewable re ...
... e. The cost of eraser inputs goes up. 13. Which of the following statements is true? a. Moving from point C to point B requires shifting resources away from eraser production and into pencil production. b. Point B represents a less efficient resource mix than point C. c. Depletion of nonrenewable re ...
The End of the Great Depression
... 1941:Q3-1941:Q4 are excluded from the VAR because the dramatic rise in G over that span (from 16.9% of YN in 1941:Q2 to 25.6% in 1941:Q4) leads to nonsensical results However, simulations are still run through 1941:Q4 using the VAR coefficients estimated through 1941:Q2 This makes our results based ...
... 1941:Q3-1941:Q4 are excluded from the VAR because the dramatic rise in G over that span (from 16.9% of YN in 1941:Q2 to 25.6% in 1941:Q4) leads to nonsensical results However, simulations are still run through 1941:Q4 using the VAR coefficients estimated through 1941:Q2 This makes our results based ...
Chapter 7 Gross Domestic Product and Measurements of Output
... of living also goes up. We want growth to be faster than population growth. b. Full-Employment – we want the economy to operating at FE levels. When policymakers talk about this they tend to talk about reducing unemployment. -unemployment represents output that can never be gotten back. c. Low Infla ...
... of living also goes up. We want growth to be faster than population growth. b. Full-Employment – we want the economy to operating at FE levels. When policymakers talk about this they tend to talk about reducing unemployment. -unemployment represents output that can never be gotten back. c. Low Infla ...
Econ202 Sp14 answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 to final exam group D
... As π increases, LM curve shifts right (or down). In the short run, real GDP Y increases and real interest rate r decreases. ...
... As π increases, LM curve shifts right (or down). In the short run, real GDP Y increases and real interest rate r decreases. ...
Chapter 1: Introduction
... fast the overall level of prices is rising--how much more in money terms things in general cost this year than they cost last year. A very high inflation rate can cause massive economic destruction, as the price system breaks down and the possibility of using profit-and-loss to make rational decisio ...
... fast the overall level of prices is rising--how much more in money terms things in general cost this year than they cost last year. A very high inflation rate can cause massive economic destruction, as the price system breaks down and the possibility of using profit-and-loss to make rational decisio ...
Fiscal Reform and Government Debt in Japan: A Neoclassical Perspective
... triggers tax increases that eventually bring this ratio down to a long run value of 60 percent. Our main finding is that the revenue required to finance the projected increases in government expenditures and to stabilize Japanese government debt once the debt to output ratio reaches 250% is on the o ...
... triggers tax increases that eventually bring this ratio down to a long run value of 60 percent. Our main finding is that the revenue required to finance the projected increases in government expenditures and to stabilize Japanese government debt once the debt to output ratio reaches 250% is on the o ...
As You Sow So Shall You Reap: Public Investment Surges, Growth
... generating positive medium and long-run effects to increases in public investment. Nevertheless, additional public investment does not necessarily lead to a growth takeoff that would ensure debt sustainability by itself. The model also allows us to analyze the risks associated with different financi ...
... generating positive medium and long-run effects to increases in public investment. Nevertheless, additional public investment does not necessarily lead to a growth takeoff that would ensure debt sustainability by itself. The model also allows us to analyze the risks associated with different financi ...
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... decades, driven partly by falling fertility rates in the past and partly by projected mortality improvements in the future. Although almost all developed countries need to deal with similar …scal issues associated with ageing demographics, the problems facing Australia are quite di¤erent. The Austra ...
... decades, driven partly by falling fertility rates in the past and partly by projected mortality improvements in the future. Although almost all developed countries need to deal with similar …scal issues associated with ageing demographics, the problems facing Australia are quite di¤erent. The Austra ...
What do we really know about the fiscal policy sustainability i
... long-term GDP growth in a set of 15 EU countries. We apply panel data techniques to the period 1970-2006, and use three alternative dependent variables in a growth regression: economic growth, total factor productivity and labour productivity. Our results also identify the distortions induced by pub ...
... long-term GDP growth in a set of 15 EU countries. We apply panel data techniques to the period 1970-2006, and use three alternative dependent variables in a growth regression: economic growth, total factor productivity and labour productivity. Our results also identify the distortions induced by pub ...
Reconciling Hayek`s and Keynes` Views of Recessions
... needed depletion of excess capital. The model offers a simple framework where both of these forces are present and can be compared. One potential criticism of a pure liquidationist view of recessions is that, if markets functioned efficiently, such periods should not be very socially painful. In par ...
... needed depletion of excess capital. The model offers a simple framework where both of these forces are present and can be compared. One potential criticism of a pure liquidationist view of recessions is that, if markets functioned efficiently, such periods should not be very socially painful. In par ...